2021屆高考英語二輪創(chuàng)新復習專題四第三節(jié)重難增分二非謂語動詞學案含解析

1、2021屆高考英語二輪創(chuàng)新復習專題四第三節(jié)重難增分二非謂語動詞學案含解析2021屆高考英語二輪創(chuàng)新復習專題四第三節(jié)重難增分二非謂語動詞學案含解析PAGE 2021屆高考英語二輪創(chuàng)新復習專題四第三節(jié)重難增分二非謂語動詞學案含解析重難增分二非謂語動詞授課提示：對應學生用書第60頁非謂語動詞是歷年高考的必考點，是做好語法填空和短文改錯必備的知識。語法填空對非謂語動詞的考查主要集中在非謂語動詞作定語、賓語,此外非謂語動詞作主語、表語、狀語、補語也是高考語篇型語法填空的重點。短文改錯主要集中在動詞形式的錯誤上,如本該用動名詞作主語卻用了原形;在介詞或某些動詞后本該接動名詞卻用了謂語動詞形式；本該用現(xiàn)在分

2、詞卻用了過去分詞.另外，不定式符號to的多用或少用也是?？键c。語法填空中的非謂語動詞高考這樣考1(2020新高考全國卷）As well as looking at exhibits，visitors can play with computer simulations（模擬)and imagine themselves living at a different time in history or _（walk）through a rainforest.2(2019高考全國卷）A 90。year。old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for_(be

3、）Britains oldest full。time employeestill working 40 hours a week.3(2019高考浙江卷）One study in America found that students grades improved a little after the school introduced uniforms。But some students didnt want _(wear)the uniform。4(2019高考北京卷)Earth Day，_（mark)on 22 April，is an annual event aiming to ra

4、ise public awareness about environmental protection.5（2018高考全國卷)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal，runners live three years longer than non.runners.You dont have to run fast or for long _（see)the benefit。題目這么解1如何判定填非謂語動詞:(1)若句中已有謂語動詞,且不存在并列謂語,空處很可能填非謂語動詞;此時也可能涉及詞性轉(zhuǎn)換的問題,我們必須仔細分析句子

5、結(jié)構(gòu),作出正確的判斷；(2)若句中已有謂語動詞，而又沒有連詞（并列連詞或從句連詞）時,則所給動詞一定用非謂語形式.2填什么樣的非謂語動詞：（1）了解句法功能，判斷非謂語動詞：作伴隨狀語時用現(xiàn)在分詞；作目的狀語時用不定式(如T5）;作介詞賓語時用動名詞（如T2）；缺少主語時用v。ing形式或不定式;非謂語作表語時，指物用v.ing形式，指人用v。ed形式；（2)理清邏輯關系:作狀語時理清非謂語動詞與主語之間的關系；作定語時理清與被修飾詞之間的關系(如T4）；作賓語補足語時理清與賓語之間的邏輯關系.主謂關系首先考慮用v。ing形式,動賓關系考慮用v。ed形式；(3)并列連詞前后非謂語動詞的形式要統(tǒng)

6、一(如T1)；（4）弄清一些重點動詞的用法：有些動詞后只能用不定式作賓語(如T3),有些只能用動名詞作賓語。自我診斷：1。walking2.being3.to wear4marked5.to see類題對點練1Keepers will work hard_to_help_（help）the baby panda get used to local bamboo and other Chinese foods。2It depends on each and every one of us to find a solutionif there are any solutions_left（leav

7、e)to find。3Biologists found that about three quarters of bird species are settling in North America,accounting(account）for more than 90%of the entire bird population。4Raised（raise）in the poorest area,he had a long,hard road to becoming a football star.5Every year，thousands of visitors come to visit

8、the old temple dating（date）from the ninth century。短文改錯中的非謂語動詞高考這樣考1(2020高考全國卷)I tell my mom that if were forced eat things，we may become ill。_2（2019高考全國卷)All the football players on the playground cheered loudly，say that I had a talent for football._3（2018高考全國卷）My grandpa said last summer they earne

9、d quite a lot by sell the fish._4(2017高考全國卷）When summer comes，they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables！_題目這么解1非謂語動詞常設錯誤類型：謂語動詞與非謂語動詞的誤用（如T2）;不定式符號to的多余與遺漏（如T1，T4）;to后跟動詞原形或動名詞的誤用；介詞后動詞形式的誤用（如T3）；現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的誤用。2非謂語動詞解題方略：(1）分析其在句中的成分，根據(jù)成分判斷形式；(2)介詞后作賓語的動詞形式為動名詞；(3)現(xiàn)在分詞表示“主動和進行”，過去分詞表示

10、“被動和完成，不定式表示“將來”；(4）遇to 著重看，有沒有to的省略或多余，是介詞還是不定式符號。自我診斷：1。forced后加to2.saysaying3.sellselling4.pick前加to類題對點練1In the past,people fastened bamboomade whistles onto a kite。While flew against the wind，it produced a sound like the music produced by guzheng。答案：In the past，people fastened bamboo.made whistl

11、es onto a kite.While eq f(flew,flying） against the wind，it produced a sound like the music produced by guzheng。2More trees and flowers planted，so our newly built school looks more beautiful。答案：More trees and flowers eq avs4al（,are） planted，或 our newly built school looks more beautiful。3Now，she has n

12、o difficulty at all communicate with foreign friends in simple oral English。答案：Now，she has no difficulty at all eq f（communicate,communicating) with foreign friends in simple oral English.4Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity；others were nervous and anxious.答案：Some of

13、us were confident and eager eq avs4al（，to) take part in the class activity；others were nervous and anxious。5The Ancient City of Pingyao，locating in Chinas Shanxi Province，is a well。preserved example of a traditional Han Chinese city。答案：The Ancient City of Pingyao，eq f（locating,located） in Chinas Sha

14、nxi Province，is a well.preserved example of a traditional Han Chinese city.非謂語動詞的核心知識提煉一、非謂語動詞作狀語1現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語表示的動作與句子主語之間為邏輯上的主謂關系；過去分詞作狀語表示的動作與句子主語之間為邏輯上的動賓關系.Realizing it was our last high school sports meeting，we decided to make it an unforgettable experience for all of us.2非謂語動詞作伴隨狀語、結(jié)果狀語，要想到用現(xiàn)在分詞。M

15、ore highways have been built in China，making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.(表示必然的結(jié)果）【名師指津】（1）非謂語動詞作結(jié)果狀語表示出乎意料的結(jié)果時用不定式，表示必然的結(jié)果要想到用現(xiàn)在分詞；He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left。（2)源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)的部分過去分詞作狀語，表示句子主語所處的一種狀態(tài),常見的有：seated(坐著的),devoted(專注的），lost/ab

16、sorbed in(沉溺于)，dressed in(穿著)等。Absorbed in his book,he didnt notice me enter the room.3非謂語動詞作目的狀語，要想到用不定式。To make it easier to get in touch with us,youd better keep this card at hand。4非謂語動詞作原因狀語,表示“喜怒哀樂的形容詞要想到用不定式；非謂語動詞作時間狀語、條件狀語和原因狀語等要想到用分詞。I am only too glad to see everything settled.Being tired，h

17、e went to bed early。二、非謂語動詞作表語與定語1非謂語動詞作表語或定語時，指物用v。ing形式，指人用v。ed形式。He was very shocked to learn the shocking news that his wife was killed in a traffic accident。With a puzzled look on my face,I pointed to myself and said,“Me?”2非謂語動詞作后置定語時，與其邏輯主語為主謂關系時用現(xiàn)在分詞，為動賓關系時用過去分詞，表將來時用不定式。“Things lost never co

18、me again!” I couldnt help talking to myself。Last night，there were millions of people watching the opening ceremony live on TV.I will try my best to study in the years to come?！久麕熤附颉肯铝星闆r下也常用不定式作定語（1）當中心詞是序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級，the only，the last等或被其修飾時，多用動詞不定式作定語。She was the first woman to win the gold medal in t

19、he Olympic Games。(2)有些名詞常用不定式作定語說明其內(nèi)容，它們是:chance，opportunity，reason,way，effort，measure，right，strength，struggle等，不定式可以換成ofdoing。He has a strange way to make/of making his classes lively and interesting。三、固定搭配或用法中的非謂語動詞1牢記用v。ing/to do形式作賓語的動詞（短語)（1)接v.。ing形式作賓語的常用動詞（短語）有：suggest,risk，imagine，mind，admi

20、t，practice,allow，avoid,delay，include,deny，escape，advise，finish，miss，forgive，consider,recommend，forbid,give up，insist on，look forward to，feel like，get down to，object to，devote oneself to，pay attention to等。I avoided mentioning the subject in case he should be offended.（2)接to do形式作賓語的常用動詞(短語)有：decide，r

21、efuse,promise,pretend，hesitate，manage，plan，fail，choose，desire，hope，afford，agree，learn，determine，demand，offer，make up ones mind，would like等.Nervous and anxious，Jill failed to make a good impression at the job interview。(3）有些動詞或動詞短語既可接不定式作賓語，也可接動名詞作賓語，但表示的含義不同.meaneq blc（avs4alco1（to do sth.打算做某事,doin

22、g sth。意味著做某事）)forgeteq blc（avs4alco1(to do sth.忘記去做某事（未做),doing sth.忘記做過某事（已做）)regreteq blc（avs4alco1(to do sth。遺憾地要去做某事（未做），doing sth。后悔做過某事（已做）tryeq blc（avs4alco1(to do sth。盡力做某事,doing sth.試著做某事)go oneq blc（avs4alco1（to do sth.繼續(xù)做另外一件事,doing sth.繼續(xù)做同一件事）remembereq blc(avs4alco1（to do sth。記著去做某事（未做

23、），doing sth。記得做過某事（已做）) cant helpeq blc(avs4alco1(（to）do sth。不能幫助做某事,doing sth.情不自禁地做某事)2掌握非謂語動詞的幾種句型公式(1）不定式作賓語補足語：tell/order/persuade/force/warn/encourage/ask/invitesb。to do sth.。Id like to invite you to take part in the activity。（2)后用省to的不定式作賓語補足語的動詞（短語）：“五看；三使；二聽;一感覺”。五看：look at/watch/notice/see

24、/observe sb。do sth.；三使：make/have/let sb.do sth。；二聽：listen to/hear sb。do sth.；一感覺：feel sb.do sth。The boss made the workers do the work all day.（3）用于it形式主語結(jié)構(gòu)中：It be名詞或形容詞（no good/no use/a pleasure/worthwhile/useless）v。.ing；Itbe形容詞（difficult/kind/clever等)for/of sb。to do sth。；Ittakessb。some timeto do st

25、h。As is known to us，its no use complaining without taking action.3with復合結(jié)構(gòu)中補足語的比較with eq blc（avs4alco1(sb./sth。doing（表主動、進行),sth。done（表被動、完成),sth.to do（表將來）)With so many people looking at him,he felt very nervous.With the problem solved，the quality has been improved.4一些非謂語動詞形式的固定結(jié)構(gòu)considering that鑒于

26、，考慮到judging by/from 從來看supposing/providing/provided/assuming that。. 假定，假設compared with/to 與相比Michaels new house is like a huge palace，compared with his old one.授課提示:對應學生用書第63頁。單句語法填空1Lying_（lie）in the west district of Hangzhou City，West Lake is the symbol of Hangzhou as well as one of the most beaut

27、iful sights in China。2Then the door opened，and a tall lady with dark hair，dark eyes entered，followed_（follow)by another who looked younger.3Colors used（use）in them give us some hints about the photos owner.4Bai Suzhen was shut in the Leifeng Pagoda and the couple had no chance to_meet(meet)again。5Ev

28、ery single American will have the opportunity to_realize(realize）their fullest potential.6A bird perched on high。tension wires has both its feet placed（place)firmly on the same wire。7Attracting_（attract）new immigrants to the cities which most need them is hard。8During the summer months，he would take

29、 extra classes，and he ended up_graduating（graduate）a year early.9In art criticism，you must assume that the artist has a message_hidden(hide)in his work。10Entitled(entitle）to pensions and free medical care，senior citizens in our village are properly looked after and live a happy life。單句改錯1Comparing w

30、ith other teachers，Mr。Moore pays more attention to his way of teaching.答案：eq f（Comparing，Compared） with other teachers,Mr.Moore pays more attention to his way of teaching.2To catch a glimpse of the magnificent treasure of nature，we took a bus from La Serena to a nearby town and then rented a car go

31、to the desert。答案：To catch a glimpse of the magnificent treasure of nature,we took a bus from La Serena to a nearby town and then rented a car eq avs4al(，to） go to the desert。3At first,seen the waves coming one after another，I was afraid。答案:At first，eq f（seen，seeing） the waves coming one after anothe

32、r，I was afraid.4Instead of seek a shelter，my parents suggested we help a couple of stall owners pack their books。答案：Instead of eq f(seek,seeking） a shelter，my parents suggested we help a couple of stall owners pack their books.5Were never going to have enough time explore everything！答案:Were never go

33、ing to have enough time eq avs4al(,to) explore everything！.語法填空(2020太原一模）As to garlic and raw onion，you might want to avoid their after。effects，but many of these 1。_(positive)unfriendly foods are good for you.In fact，the smell on your breath is immediate and can last for hours.The reason is that gar

34、lic and onions contain something that is very smelly and can contribute 2._bad breath。As the foods are digested，the special oils they contain 3._（absorb)into your bloodstream and you breathe 4._（they)out until the foods are removed from your body.Despite all this，you should eat them.Those who add ga

35、rlic and onions to food need 5._（little)salt than those who do not.So its 6。_ healthier alternative，says Rebecca Valle，a dietitian at Alfred Hospital in Melbourne,Australia.“Garlic and onions can also protect against many 7。_(disease)and promote good health，” she said。So how do you enjoy them withou

36、t 8。_(offend)everyone around you?Eating less of the garlic and onion and drinking plenty of water works。Drinking milk also helps reduce the things 9._cause bad breath。Chewing gum，sucking on a mint or sipping peppermint tea will also help。But remember 10。_（see）your doctor if your bad breath continues

37、.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文.文章主要介紹了吃大蒜及洋蔥的好處,以及去除口中蒜味和洋蔥味的方法.1解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換.修飾形容詞unfriendly要用副詞，故填positively，意為“肯定地，確實”。答案：positively2解析:考查固定搭配.contribute to為固定搭配，意為“促成，造成”,符合語境。答案：to3解析：考查動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致.根據(jù)句意并分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，主語the special oils與absorb之間為動賓關系,應用被動語態(tài)，又由從句所用的一般現(xiàn)在時可知,此處也應用一般現(xiàn)在時；又因主語為復數(shù)形式，故填are absorbed.be absorbe

38、d into.。意為“被吸收進.答案:are absorbed4解析:考查代詞。作動詞breathe的賓語要用人稱代詞的賓格形式，故填them。答案：them5解析:考查比較級。根據(jù)本句中的than和語境可知，此處要用little的比較級形式，表示“需要較少的鹽”。答案：less6解析：考查冠詞。此處泛指“一種較健康的選擇”，且healthier的發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭,故要用不定冠詞a.答案：a7解析：考查名詞的單復數(shù).此處表示“大蒜和洋蔥也能夠預防許多疾病，空前有many修飾，故此處disease是可數(shù)名詞，應用其復數(shù)形式。答案：diseases8解析：考查非謂語動詞。本句中without是介詞，后面一般接名詞、代詞或動名詞作賓語，故此處填offend的動名詞形式offending。答案:offending9解析：考查定語從句的引導詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處引導限制性定語從句，且在從句中作主語,先行詞是the things,指物，故應用關系代詞that或which引導該定語從句。答案：that/which10解析：考查非謂語動詞。該句表