2022考研英語(yǔ)閱讀基礎(chǔ)物理學(xué)

1、1 / 5本文格式為 Word 版，下載可編輯2022 考研英語(yǔ)閱讀基礎(chǔ)物理學(xué)Fundamental physics基礎(chǔ)物理學(xué)Antimatter of fact反物質(zhì)現(xiàn)狀Researchers at CERN have held on to anti -atoms fora fullquarter of an hour歐洲核子討論中心的討論人員已經(jīng)讓反原子停留了十 五分鐘。READERS who were paying attention in their maths classes may recall that quadraticequations often have twosolut

2、ions, one positive and one negative.關(guān)注數(shù)字課的讀者們或許會(huì)想到二次方程通常會(huì)有兩 個(gè)解，一個(gè)是正值，一個(gè)是負(fù)值。So when, in 1928, a British physicist called Paul Dirac solved such an equation relating to theelectron, the fact that one answer described the opposite of that particle might havebeenbrushed aside as a curiosity.因此在 1928 年，一

3、個(gè)名叫保羅狄拉克的英國(guó)物理學(xué)家 給出了有關(guān)電子的一個(gè)方程的解，然而事實(shí)上，這個(gè)結(jié)果表 達(dá)的是一種相反的粒子，這個(gè)結(jié)果或許會(huì)被考慮后舍棄。But it wasn t.2 / 5本文格式為 Word 版，下載可編輯然而事實(shí)并非如此。Instead, Dirac interpreted it as antimatterand, four yearslater, it turned up in a realexperiment.相反，狄拉克將其解釋為反物質(zhì)并且在四年后，在現(xiàn)實(shí) 的試驗(yàn)中驗(yàn)證了它的存在。Since then antimatterfirst, anti-electrons, known a

4、s positrons, and then antiversions of allother particles of matterhasbecome a staple of both real science and the fictional sort.從那時(shí)起，反物質(zhì)最初是反電子，也就是俗稱的質(zhì)子， 接著就是其他粒子的反物質(zhì)這已經(jīng)成了現(xiàn)實(shí)科學(xué)和虛構(gòu)類 別之間的主要組成部分。What has not been available for study until recently,however, is entire anti-atoms.這樣的討論始終以來(lái)沒(méi)有突破直到最近的完全的反原 子的

5、消失。A handful have been made in various laboratories, and evenheld on to for a few seconds.在各個(gè)試驗(yàn)室已經(jīng)有一小部分的反原子被發(fā)覺(jué)，即便它 們僅僅存在了幾秒鐘的時(shí)間。But none has hung around long enough to be examined in detail because, famously,antimatter and matter annihilate each3 / 5本文格式為 Word 版，下載可編輯other on contact.不過(guò)沒(méi)有一個(gè)停留了足夠長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間

6、用以認(rèn)真地討論他 們，眾所周知，反物質(zhì)與物質(zhì)只要相遇就會(huì)湮滅。But that has now changed, with the preservation of several hundred such atoms for severalminutes by Jeffrey Hangst and his colleagues at CERN, the main Europeanparticle-physicslaboratory near Geneva.然而隨著在歐洲核子討論中心這個(gè)在日內(nèi)瓦四周主要 的歐洲粒子物理試驗(yàn)室里，該機(jī)構(gòu)的杰弗瑞?漢斯特與其同事 讓數(shù)百個(gè)這樣的原子維護(hù)了幾分鐘，原來(lái)

7、的狀況現(xiàn)在已有所 改觀。Fundamental physics基礎(chǔ)物理學(xué)Antimatter of fact反物質(zhì)現(xiàn)狀Researchers at CERN have held on to anti -atoms fora fullquarter of an hour歐洲核子討論中心的討論人員已經(jīng)讓反原子停留了十 五分鐘。READERS who were paying attention in their maths classes may recall that quadraticequations often have two4 / 5本文格式為 Word 版，下載可編輯solutions

8、, one positive and one negative.關(guān)注數(shù)字課的讀者們或許會(huì)想到二次方程通常會(huì)有兩 個(gè)解，一個(gè)是正值，一個(gè)是負(fù)值。So when, in 1928, a British physicist called Paul Dirac solved such an equation relating to theelectron, the fact that one answer described the opposite of that particle might havebeenbrushed aside as a curiosity.因此在 1928 年，一個(gè)名叫保

9、羅狄拉克的英國(guó)物理學(xué)家 給出了有關(guān)電子的一個(gè)方程的解，然而事實(shí)上，這個(gè)結(jié)果表 達(dá)的是一種相反的粒子，這個(gè)結(jié)果或許會(huì)被考慮后舍棄。But it wasn t.然而事實(shí)并非如此。Instead, Dirac interpreted it as antimatterand, four yearslater, it turned up in a realexperiment.相反，狄拉克將其解釋為反物質(zhì)并且在四年后，在現(xiàn)實(shí) 的試驗(yàn)中驗(yàn)證了它的存在。The reason this is important is that Dirac s equation ismisleading.狄拉克方程是一種誤導(dǎo)這

10、個(gè)緣由是很重要的一點(diǎn)。Antimatter cannot be the perfect opposite of matter, otherwise neither would exist at all.5 / 5本文格式為 Word 版，下載可編輯反物質(zhì)并不是完全的反物質(zhì)，否則它將無(wú)法存在。If they truly were perfect opposites, equal amounts of thetwo would have been made in theBig Bang,假如實(shí)際上它們是完全相反的，那么相同的數(shù)量的反物 質(zhì)早在大爆炸產(chǎn)生時(shí)就已經(jīng)相互湮滅了，and they woul

11、d have annihilated each other long since, leaving only light and other forms ofelectromagnetic radiation tofill the universe.它們只以電磁波的形式留在宇宙中。That galaxies, stars and planetsand physicists to ponder such thingsexist thereforemeans there is a subtle asymmetry between matter and antimatter, and that naturesomehow favoursthe former.星系，恒星以及行星物理學(xué)家在在認(rèn)真思索這樣的事情 它們都已經(jīng)存在了，這意味著在物質(zhì)與反物質(zhì)之間有著一些 不行思議的不對(duì)稱性，自然界在某種程度上是偏愛(ài)于前者。Two