初中英語被動語態(tài)講解與練習(xí)

1、(圓滿word版)初中英語被動語態(tài)解說與練習(xí)(圓滿word版)初中英語被動語態(tài)解說與練習(xí)7/7(圓滿word版)初中英語被動語態(tài)解說與練習(xí)被動語態(tài)語法專項解說與訓(xùn)練教課方案合用者：宋瀟(一)語態(tài)分類：英語動詞分主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的履行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。Tom(執(zhí))cleans(謂動)theroom(承)everyday.(主動)Theroom(承)iscleaned(謂動)byTom(執(zhí))everyday.(被動)被動語態(tài)構(gòu)造：助動詞be+動詞的過去分詞done，即bedone，常譯為“被”、“給”、“由”、“受”等詞用來表示被動關(guān)系。(二)被動語態(tài)的

2、用法動作的履行者很顯然。這時常常不用by短語。Wordprocessingskillsaretaughtinourcomputerlessons.(2)不知道或沒有必需說明動作的履行者是誰。Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.突出或重申換作的承受者。假如需要說出動作的履行者，用by短語。ThewindowwasbrokenbyMike.窗戶是邁克打破的。(三)被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)變化：經(jīng)過助動詞be的各樣時態(tài)變化來表現(xiàn)，done不變。注意主語的單、復(fù)數(shù)變化。以do為例，掌握以下時態(tài)的被動構(gòu)造，形式變化以下：1一般此刻時：am/is/are+done2一般過去時：w

3、as/were+done3一般未來時：shall/will+bedoneam/is/aregoingtobedone4此刻達(dá)成時：have/has+been+done5神態(tài)動詞：can/may/must/should/havetobedone以下時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)作一般認(rèn)識：此刻進(jìn)行時：am/is/are+being+done過去進(jìn)行時：was/were+being+done過去達(dá)成時：had+been+done過去未來時：should/would+bedone(四)主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法Myauntinvitedmetoherdinnerparty.履行者動詞承受者Iwasinvited(by

4、myaunt)toherdinnerparty.承受者謂語by+履行者1.把主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語。2.把主動語態(tài)的謂語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的be+過去分詞，時態(tài)要與原句保持一致。3.把主動語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語，放在被動語態(tài)里謂語動詞今后，by短語可以省略。練習(xí)：1.一般此刻時：Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry._inthesouthofthecountry.2.一般過去時：NancyJacksondesignedtheCD-ROM.TheCD-ROM_NancyJackson.13.一般未來時：Theywillholdthecharitysh

5、owintheschoolhall.Thecharityshow_intheschoolhall.4.此刻達(dá)成時：Hehasbroughthisbookhere.Hisbook_here.5含有神態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：Youmusthandinyourhomeworkafterclass.Yourhomework_afterclass.(五)語態(tài)變換時所注意的問題把主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，先找原主動句中的動賓短語，其謂語動詞的時態(tài)要與原句時態(tài)保持一致，其謂語動詞的數(shù)要與新主語保持一致。Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.(正確)An

6、ewcomputerhavebeenbought.(錯誤)含有雙賓語的主動句變被動句時，可分別將此中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個不動，一般變間接賓語為主語。Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.假如把直接賓語(指物)改為主語，則在間接賓語(指人)前加適合的介詞，如上句還可說：Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.注意：1.以下動詞后，常在間接賓語前用介詞to，如：bring,give,lend,offer,pass,show,teach,tell等。Thebookwasshowntot

7、heclass.Mybikewaslenttoher.2.一般在以下動詞后，間接賓語前用介詞for,如：buy,cook,get,keep,make,order,play,sing等。Anewskirtwasmadeforme.Themeatwascookedforus.Somecountrymusicwasplayedforus.由動詞+介詞或副詞組成的短語動詞，要把它們作為整體看，介詞或副詞不可以打開或遺漏。這種動詞有：動詞+介詞，如:laughat,listento,lookafter,thinkof,talkabout,workon等。動詞+副詞，如:sellout,findout,g

8、iveup,handin,workout,passon,pointout,putaway,putoff,thinkover,turnon,wakeup等。ThemostdifficultproblemwasworkedoutbyTom.Thesongisoftenlistenedtobygirls.帶復(fù)合賓語(賓語+賓補(bǔ))的動詞改為被動語態(tài)時，把主動構(gòu)造中的賓語改為主語，而賓語補(bǔ)足語保存在謂語動詞后邊。如：Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.(keepsth.clean)Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.(sthbekeptclean)(2)S

9、hetoldusnottostayuplate.(tellsbnottodo)Weweretoldnottostayuplate.(sb.betoldnottodo)注意：在see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,feel等動詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞不定式都不帶to，但改成被動語態(tài)后都補(bǔ)上to。Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.2Hisglasseswerebrokenbythecat被.(動)ThedoorwasclosedbyTom.被(動)Hewassurpris

10、edbythesnake.被(動)被動語態(tài)專項練習(xí)（一）feel,look,seem,taste,sound,smell等。Yes,itfeelsverysoft.記著以下變化：seesbdobeseentodohearsbdo.beheardtodolistentosbdobelistenedtotodomakesbdobemadetodo5.有些動詞既可作及物動詞，也可作不及物動詞，當(dāng)它們和well,badly,easily等副詞連用時，表示主語內(nèi)在質(zhì)量或使用性能，是不及物動詞，不用被動語態(tài)，常有的有：write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook等。如：(1)Theclo

11、thwasheseasily.這布很好洗。(2)Thenewcomputersellswell.這新產(chǎn)品很熱銷。(3)Theprinterprintsquickly.這個打印機(jī)打印很快。比較：Thebookssellwell.(主動句)Thebooksweresoldout.被(動句)只有動賓構(gòu)造才有被動語態(tài)。以下狀況的主動句不可以改為被動句：第一，感官連系動詞無被動意義，如：(1)Doyoulikethematerial?誤：Itisfeltverysoft.(2)Thefoodtastesdelicious.誤：Thefoodistasteddelicious.(3)Thepopmusic

12、soundsbeautiful.誤：Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful.第二，一些不及物動詞短語沒有被動語態(tài)，如：takeplace,breakout,belongto,comeout,cometrue等。如：Theaccidenttookplacelastnight.誤：Theaccidentwastakenplacelastnight.第四，不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)，如：rise,happen,succeed,lie等。Thesunhasalreadyrisen.誤：Thesunhasalreadybeenrisen.第五，賓語是反身代詞，互相代詞，同源賓語，不定式，

13、v-ing形式及抽象名詞等，不可以變?yōu)楸粍泳渥拥闹髡Z，如：ItaughtmyselfEnglish.誤：MyselfwastaughtEnglish.在漢語中，有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語，在英語中一般可用被動構(gòu)造來表示，比方：聽聞Itissaidthat據(jù)報道Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow.盡人皆知ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.注意差別系表構(gòu)造（be+adj.）和被動語態(tài)。Hisglassesarebroken.系(表)Thedoorisclosed.(系表)Heissurpr

14、ised.(系表)一、用動詞的正確語態(tài)填空。English_(speak)themostwidelyintheworld.3APianoconcert_(give)herelastFriday.Thetown_(call)Rugao.Vegetables,eggsandfruits_(sell)inthisshop.What_aknife_(make)of?It_(make)ofmetalandwood.Theoldmanisill.He_(mustsend)tothehospital.Theroom_(clean)byMumalready.Youdontneedtocleanit.Thesp

15、ortsmeeting_(hold)inaweek.Heishappythathisdream_(come)true.Thecinema_(build)in1985.Thestudents_often_(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs._themagazine_(cantake)outofthelibrary?三、按要求改寫以下句子，一空一詞。（130=30分）1.IsteagrowninSouthChina？（改為主動語態(tài)）_people_teainSouthChina？2.Iamgivenabirthdaypresentbymyparentseve

16、ryyear（同義句變換）Abirthdaypresent_bymyparentseveryyear3.Theworkisgoingtobefinishedintwodays.(對劃線發(fā)問)How_theworkgoingtobefinished?4.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.(改為被動語態(tài))AnEnglishsong_bythechildren.5.Youneedntdoitnow.(改為被動語態(tài))It_byyounow.6.Peopleusemetalformakingmachines.(改為被動語態(tài))Metal_makingmachines.7.H

17、emademedothatforhim.(改為被動語態(tài))I_thatforhim.8.Theyarewatchingthefootballmatch.Thefootballmatch_bythem.9.Didtheybuildabridgehereayearago?(改為被動語態(tài))_abridge_herebythemayearago?10.Theyhavesoldoutthelightgreendresses.(改為被動語態(tài))Thelightgreendresses_out.11.Wecallthegame“Lianliankan”.(改為被動語態(tài))Thegame_“Lianliankan”

18、byus.選擇題()1._anewlibrary_inourschoollastyear?A.Is;builtB.Was;bulitC.Does;buildD.Did;build()2.Anaccident_onthisroadlastweek.4A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappenedD.happened()3.Cotton_inthesoutheastofChina.A.isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.grow()4.Sofar,themoon_bymanalready.A.isvisitedB.willbevisitedC.

19、hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisited()5.AtalkonChinesehistory_inthschoolhallnextweek.A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.gives()6.Howmanytrees_thisyear?A.areplantedB.willplantC.havebeenplantedD.planted()7.Alotofthings_bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.A.aredoingB.arebeingdoneC.hasbeendoneD.willbedone()8.Neithe

20、rofthem_inChina.A.ismadeB.aremadeC.weremadeD.made()9.Look!Anicepicture_forourteacher.A.isdrawingB.isbeingdrawnC.hasbeendrawnD.draws()10.Yourshoes_.Youneedanewpair.A.wearoutB.wornoutC.arewornoutD.isworn()11.Thedoctor_foryet.A.isntsentB.hasntbeensentC.wontbesentD.wasntsent()12.-When_thiskindofcomputer

21、s_?-Lastyear.A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used()13.TheGreatWall_allovertheworld.A.knowsB.knewC.isknownD.wasknown()14.I_insummer.A.bornB.wasbornC.havebeenbornD.amborn()15.HesaysthatMrZhang_tothefactorynextweek.A.issentB.wouldsendC.wassentD.willbesent()16.Who_thisbook_?A.did;writtenB.was;writtenb

22、yC.did;writtenD.was;written()17.Mary_showmehernewdictionary.A.hasaskedtoB.wasaskedtoC.isaskedD.asksto()18.Astory_byGrannyyesterday.A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldus()19.Themonkeywasseen_offthetree.A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump()20.Theschoolbag_behindthechair.A.putsB.canbeputC.canbeputtedD.c

23、anput()21.Olderpeople_well.A.looksafterB.mustbelookedafterC.mustlookafterD.lookedafter()22.Ourteacher_carefully.A.shouldbelistenedtoB.shouldbelistenC.belistenedD.islistened被動語態(tài)專項練習(xí)（二）一、把以下句子改寫成被動語態(tài)1.Theymakemachinesinthatfactory._2.Everybodylikesthissong._3.Hedoesntshowthestampstome._4.Peopledontgro

24、wriceinthewestofJapan._5.HeoftenhelpsTomwhenTomisintrouble._6.Dotheworkersbuildmanybuildings?_7.DoesKatesometimesbreakglasses?_8.DoyoualwayssendalettertoMrHu?_9.Whatdoestheteacheroftentelltheboystodo?_10.Howmanydesksdotheybuyeveryterm?_511.Theysoldthatkindofshoesinthisshoplastweek._12.Grannytoldusas

25、torylastnight._二.選擇題:()1.Greatchanges_inChina.A.arehappenedB.washappenedC.hashappenedD.havehappened()3.TheGreatWall_allovertheworld.A.knowsB.knewC.isknownD.wasknown()4.Who_thisbook_?A.did;writtenB.was;writtenbyC.did;writtenD.was;written()5.Astory_byGrannyyesterday.A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldus()6.Themonkeywasseen_offthetree.A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump()7.Theschoolbag_behindthechair