Unit2Welcometotheunit-Reading詞匯課件-高中英語(yǔ)牛津譯林版必修第二冊(cè)

1、單詞課堂版本：新譯林 單元：必修二 Unit 2（Welcome to the unit Reading）本單元詞匯梳理1. soccer：英式足球：football；詞塊：play soccer / football2. bat：詞源同beat (擊、打) 用球棒 (板) 擊球 3. skydiving：詞塊：go skydiving4. congratulation：congratulate + -ation congratulate : con- (together 共同) + -grat- (to give thanks 恩惠) + -e 詞塊：congratulations on；

2、詞族：congratulate, congratulation5. assume： assume：表示“承擔(dān)”時(shí)是正式用語(yǔ) 詞塊：assume responsibility for sth = take responsibility for sth 派生詞：assuming, assumption6. tend：同形異義詞：兩個(gè)釋義源自不同的詞： 詞源義“延伸”； 照料：是attend的縮略形式 詞塊：tend to do sth, tend to / towards, tend to sb 派生詞：tendency7. immune：im- (不) + -mun (公共的) + -e 免除公

3、共責(zé)任或義務(wù) 不受影響的，免除的 免疫的，受保護(hù)的 詞塊：immune system8. disease：dis- (不；非；使相反) + ease (放松；舒服) 不舒服、生病 疾病9. moreover：構(gòu)詞法：more + over ；句子副詞；正式用語(yǔ)（口語(yǔ)中一般用besides和also）10. reduce：re- (back) + duc- (lead) + -e 往回引 減少 詞塊：reduce stress11. routine：route (path 路線(xiàn)) + -ine (形容詞后綴)，引申為常規(guī)的、日常的 詞塊：daily routine12. muscle：詞源：英語(yǔ)

4、單詞 muscle 來(lái)自拉丁語(yǔ) musculus，和 mus (老鼠) 的指小形式，其實(shí)就是“小老鼠”的意思。古羅馬人覺(jué)得鼓起的肌肉很像一只跳躍的小老鼠。希臘語(yǔ)和德語(yǔ)中，“肌肉”和“老鼠”就是同一個(gè)詞，阿拉伯語(yǔ)中的“肌肉”和“老鼠”的拼寫(xiě)也很接近。13. aerobic：aero- (air 空氣) + -bi (life) + -c，存活生命的空氣即氧氣 有氧的 ；詞塊：aerobic exercise14. jogging：jog + -ing；詞塊：go jogging = go for a jog15. skiing：ski + -ing；詞塊：go skiing16. pull-up

5、：短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)的名詞 (pull + up)；（可拓展push-up, makeup, takeoff等）17. gymnastics：詞塊：do gymnastics18. tai chi：= tai chi chuan 音譯詞19. stretch：一詞多義：基本義“展開(kāi)”；拉伸、伸懶腰 詞塊：stretch oneself20. range：一詞多義：基本義“范圍” 詞塊：a (wide) range of, range from . to, in / within range (of) , out of range (of) , beyond ones range21. movem

6、ent：move + -ment；隱喻：具體的活動(dòng)到抽象的活動(dòng)22. energy：一詞多義：基本義“能”； 派生詞：energetic；詞塊：be full of energy23. average：詞源：以前，在海運(yùn)活動(dòng)中，當(dāng)船只遇到惡劣天氣等危險(xiǎn)，往往會(huì)拋棄一部分貨物以減輕載重，避免船只傾覆。average原本指的就是這種海運(yùn)貨物損失。海損由相關(guān)各方平均分?jǐn)?，這在古代西方已經(jīng)形成習(xí)慣。average在17世紀(jì)時(shí)引申出“平均分?jǐn)偂敝?，又從中引申出“平均”、“普通”之意。但在保險(xiǎn)業(yè)中，它依然保留了“海損”這一原意。 詞塊 an average of, on average24. throu

7、ghout：through + out；詞塊：throughout the country / world25. sweat：名詞動(dòng)詞化26. injury：詞族：injure, injured, injury 詞塊：suffer (from) an injury, a head / leg / knee injury, personal injury27. prevent：pre- (before 前、先) + -vent (come 來(lái)) 預(yù)先來(lái)到 預(yù)防； 詞塊：prevent sb (from) doing sth = stop sb (from) doing sth = keep sb

8、 from doing sth； 派生詞：prevention 28. equipment：equip + ment；詞塊：a piece of equipment29. lack：詞塊：(a) lack of, for lack of, lack (for) nothing；派生詞：lacking30. maintain：main (= man-, hand 手) + -tain (to hold 拿 ) 用手拿 維持stretch一詞多義英語(yǔ)釋義assume一詞多義 熟詞生義tend英語(yǔ)釋義lack重難點(diǎn)詞精講range一詞多義搭配義maintain一詞多義短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)的合成詞 ass

9、ume 將下列句子譯成英語(yǔ)。我本以為他是法國(guó)人，但是實(shí)際上他是德國(guó)人。I _ a Frenchman, but actually he was a German.thought he was had assumed him to beassume vt 正式用語(yǔ) 擔(dān)任；承擔(dān) (take)：assume office I made a mistake and I will assume responsibility for it. 假定；設(shè)想 to think that sth is true, although you have no proof：We think it is reasonab

10、le to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold.It is generally assumed (that) stress is caused by too much work.Where unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former. 2009 江蘇通過(guò)英語(yǔ)釋義來(lái)理解辨析assume, supposeassume 假定；設(shè)想 to think that sth is true, alth

11、ough you have no proofI just assumed that the woman standing next to Jack was his wife.suppose 認(rèn)為；猜想 to think that sth is probably true, especially because of some information you haveThere are many reasons to suppose that Shakespeare was familiar with the stories of medieval Italy. suppose多用于書(shū)面語(yǔ)或正式

12、用語(yǔ)中。沒(méi)有依據(jù)有依據(jù) assuming conj 假設(shè)；假定：Assuming (that) youre chosen to be the leader, what will you do? assumption n C 假定；假設(shè)：We are working on the assumption that everyone invited will turn up. 詞匯拓展tend1 vi用于以下慣用語(yǔ)tend to / toward(s) sth 傾向于；有的趨勢(shì)：The sort of music I listen to varies, but it tends toward lig

13、ht music. tend to do sth 易于做某事；往往會(huì)做某事 to usually do or be sth：I tend to see pictures in my mind when I am reading or listening. Readers tended to share articles that were exciting or funny. 2016 全國(guó)tend2 vt & vi 照料；護(hù)理：tend (to) the sick 護(hù)理病人I would like to tend the store for you while youre away.atte

14、nd的縮略來(lái)自詞根ten- (to stretch 延伸)同形異義詞stretch vt & vi （被）拉長(zhǎng)；伸出 / 展；延伸：stretch a rope tight stretch oneselfThe road stretched out across the desert into the distance. n C & U伸長(zhǎng)；延伸；伸展；連綿：give a stretcha stretch of open countrystretch語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖“展開(kāi)”物體（完全）“展開(kāi)”胳膊、腿“展開(kāi)”空間、距離（被）拉長(zhǎng)伸展 ；伸出延伸展開(kāi)(基本義) stretch RANGE ROVER中

15、的ROVER (羅孚) 是北歐的一個(gè)民族，生產(chǎn)自行車(chē)時(shí)就使用羅孚作商標(biāo)名。1904年生產(chǎn)汽車(chē)，仍以“羅孚”為車(chē)牌名。由于羅孚民族在歷史上是一個(gè)勇敢善戰(zhàn)的海盜民族，所以羅孚汽車(chē)商標(biāo)采用了一艘海盜船，張開(kāi)紅帆象征著公司乘風(fēng)破浪、所向披靡的大無(wú)畏精神。羅孚民族的名字其實(shí)也對(duì)應(yīng)了rover的釋義“漫游者”。 RANGE ROVER則是指“在廣闊區(qū)域漫游的越野車(chē)”。RANGE ROVERrange 詞源解讀range的詞源義是row or line of persons (especially hunters or soldiers)，一排排的人，尤指士兵或獵人，即在“某一范圍”內(nèi)的人，其基本義為“范圍

16、”。range n C 常用單數(shù) 一系列 a variety of things of a particular type：a range of services / products C & U 常用單數(shù) 范圍；界限：Most of the students are in the 16-19 age range. C & U 距離：Do not miss this opportunity to see whales at close range (= very close) on their annual migration south to the Antarctic. C 山脈：Betw

17、een Italy and France, there is a mountain range called the Alps.重要搭配：in / within range (of) 在 （的） 范圍內(nèi)out of range (of) 超出 （的） 范圍range v vi 包括：The show had a large audience, ranging from children to grandparents. vi （價(jià)格、水平、溫度等）處于某個(gè)范圍之內(nèi)：The price ranges between $25 and $400. vi & vt 漫步；四處移動(dòng) (wander)：T

18、he polar bears range all the way across the Arctic.range語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖同一“范圍” 內(nèi)類(lèi)似的事物某“范圍” 內(nèi)的群山年齡、價(jià)格等變動(dòng)的“范圍” 遠(yuǎn)近的“范圍” 一系列范圍；界限距離山脈范圍(基本義) 包括處于某個(gè)范圍之內(nèi)漫步；四處移動(dòng)vnlack n U 常用單數(shù) 缺乏；不足 (shortage) ：(a) lack of food / money / sleep / skills These children have health problems linked to poor diet and a lack of exercise. f

19、or lack of 因缺少：The leaves turned yellow for lack of light. vt & vi 不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 缺乏；短少；沒(méi)有：At first I lacked confidence. They lacked the money to send him to university. lack (for) nothing 正式用語(yǔ) 什么也不缺：As he is very rich he lacks for nothing. lacking adj 不用于名詞前 不足的；缺少的be lacking in sth 缺少某物maintain詞源解讀：maint

20、ain由man- (hand，手) + -tain (to hold，拿著) 構(gòu)成，用手拿著 “維持” “保持” 。maintain vt 保持；維持 to make sth continue at the same level, standard, etc.：Social media tools let us see what our friends are up to and maintain friendships. 維護(hù)；保養(yǎng) to keep sth in good condition by checking and repairing it：maintain machinery He

21、 is responsible for maintaining all the buildings. 堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為 to keep saying that sth is true even when others disagree or do not believe it (insist) ：He maintained that such things should never be done again. maintain語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖維持;保持 maintain（基本義）“維持”抽象事物“維持”具體事物保持；維持維護(hù)；保養(yǎng) 堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為 “維持”觀(guān)點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)的合成詞將所給短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為合成詞，

22、并寫(xiě)出其漢語(yǔ)釋義。英語(yǔ)中可用連字符或連寫(xiě)的方式將短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為合成名詞。這類(lèi)名詞的詞義常與該短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有聯(lián)系。 pull uptake offclear upbreak downwake upcheck outmake up take awaypull-uptake-offclear-upbreakdownwake-upcheck-outmake-uptakeaway引體向上（飛機(jī)）起飛清掃故障喚醒退房時(shí)間化妝品外賣(mài)食品隨堂檢測(cè)將下列句子譯成英語(yǔ)。1. 普遍認(rèn)為，壓力為工作過(guò)重所致。_2. 在失業(yè)率和犯罪率高的地方，我們可以假定高犯罪率是由高失業(yè)率造成的。 Where unemployment

23、and crime are high, _ the latter is due to the former. assumeIt is generally assumed (that) stress is caused by too much work. it can be assumed that在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1. Boys tended _ (play) with more complex puzzles than girls. （2020 全國(guó)）2. Sofia was in the bedroom tending _ her sick mother.3

24、. More and more children tend _ obesity （肥胖）. tendto play to to / towards 寫(xiě)出下列句子中畫(huà)線(xiàn)部分的漢語(yǔ)釋義。1. Where can I buy those things that stretch my shoes? _2. Meals can stretch for hours theres no such thing as rushing a meal in Brazil.（2014 浙江） _3. I need a job that will stretch me. _stretch撐大延續(xù)使發(fā)揮出全部本領(lǐng) _ 1

25、. Our funds were limited, and none of the houses in our price range seemed satisfactory.（2015 天津）_ 2. In recent years, stress has been regarded as a cause of a whole range of medical problems.（2016 上海）_ 3. These missiles（導(dǎo)彈）have a range of 300 miles. 一、寫(xiě)出下列句子中range的漢語(yǔ)釋義。范圍 一系列 射程 range二、根據(jù)所給漢語(yǔ)及提示，用適

26、當(dāng)?shù)脑~塊完成下列句子。In addition to these traditional activities, we have_（更多不同的選擇）such astravelling and visiting our relatives or friends. （2013 遼寧書(shū)面表達(dá)）2. He likes doing different kinds of activities after work, _ swimming _ （從到） playing basketball. 3. Your blood pressure is well _ （在正常的范圍內(nèi)）.a wider range of choices ranging from to in / within the normal range用lack的正確形式或其短語(yǔ)填空。1. The reason why he didnt pass