初中英語語法全解：初中英語語法全解-被動語態(tài)

1、第 頁初中英語語法全解被動語態(tài)一、被動語態(tài)的概念與結(jié)構(gòu)1.概念語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，用來說明句子主語和謂語動詞之間的關(guān)系。主動語態(tài)表示主語動作的執(zhí)行者；被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。I always use the same shampoo.2.結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/are+過去分詞一般過去時was/were+過去分詞一般將來時shall/will be+過去分詞am/is/are going to be+過去分詞現(xiàn)在進行時am/is/are being+過去分詞現(xiàn)在完成時have/has been+過去分詞過去完成時had been+過去分詞過去進行時was/were being+

2、過去分詞過去將來時should/would be+過去分詞was/were going to be+過去分詞含有情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)由“am/is/are+過去分詞”構(gòu)成?！逼渚涫饺缦拢航Y(jié)構(gòu)肯定式主語+am/is/are+過去分詞+by.否定式主語+am/is/are+not+過去分詞+by.一般疑問式Is/Are +主語+過去分詞+by.特殊疑問式特殊疑問詞（作主語）is/are +過去分詞+by.?特殊疑問詞+is/are +主語+過去分詞+by.?一般過去時的被動語態(tài)一般過去時的被動語態(tài)由“was/were+過去分詞”構(gòu)成。其句式如下：

3、句式肯定式主語+was/were+過去分詞+by.否定式主語+was/were+過去分詞+by.一般疑問式Was/Were +主語+過去分詞+by.特殊疑問式特殊疑問詞（作主語）was/were +過去分詞+by.?特殊疑問詞+was/were +主語+過去分詞+by.?When was tea brought to Korea?一般將來時的被動語態(tài)一般將來時的被動語態(tài)由“shall/will be+過去分詞”或“am/is/are going to be+過去分詞”構(gòu)成。其句式如下：句式shall/will句式肯定式主語+shall/will be+過去分詞+by.否定式主語+shall/w

4、ill be+not+過去分詞+by.一般疑問式Shall/Will be +主語+過去分詞+by.特殊疑問式特殊疑問詞（作主語）shall/will be +過去分詞+by.?特殊疑問詞+shall/will be +主語+過去分詞+by.?be going to句式肯定式主語+am/is/are going to be+過去分詞+by.否定式主語+am/is/are+not going to+過去分詞+by.一般疑問式Is/Are going to +主語+過去分詞+by.特殊疑問式特殊疑問詞（作主語）is/are going to be +過去分詞+by.?特殊疑問詞+am/is/are

5、 going to be +主語+過去分詞+by.?A new road will be built next year.現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)由“am/is/are being+過去分詞”構(gòu)成。其句式如下：句式肯定式主語+am/is/are being+過去分詞+by.否定式主語+am/is/are+not+being+過去分詞+by.一般疑問式Is/Are +主語+being+過去分詞+by.特殊疑問式特殊疑問詞（作主語）is/are being +過去分詞+by.?特殊疑問詞+is/are +主語+being+過去分詞+by.?A new chemistry lab i

6、s being built in our school.現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)由“have/has been+過去分詞”構(gòu)成，其句式如下：句式肯定式主語+have/has been+過去分詞+by.否定式主語+have/has+not+ been+過去分詞+by.一般疑問式Have/Has +主語+been+過去分詞+by.特殊疑問式特殊疑問詞（作主語）have/has been +過去分詞+by.?特殊疑問詞+have/has +主語+been+過去分詞+by.?Many business have been forced to close.過去完成時的被動語態(tài)過去完成時的

7、被動語態(tài)由“had been+過去分詞”構(gòu)成。其句式如下：句式肯定式主語+had been+過去分詞+by.否定式主語+had+not+ been+過去分詞+by.一般疑問式Had +主語+been+過去分詞+by.特殊疑問式特殊疑問詞（作主語）had been +過去分詞+by.?特殊疑問詞+had +主語+been+過去分詞+by.?By the time people realized that the story was a hoax, all of the spaghetii across the country had been sold out.過去進行時的被動語態(tài)過去進行時的被

8、動語態(tài)由“was/were being+過去分詞”構(gòu)成。其句式如下：句式肯定式主語+was/were being+過去分詞+by.否定式主語+was/were+not+being+過去分詞+by.一般疑問式Was/Were +主語+being+過去分詞+by.特殊疑問式特殊疑問詞（作主語）was/were being +過去分詞+by.?特殊疑問詞+was/were +主語+being+過去分詞+by.?The visitors were being shown around the city at that moment.過去將來時的被動語態(tài)過去將來時的被動語態(tài)由“should/would

9、be+過去分詞”或“was/were going to be+過去分詞”構(gòu)成。其句式如下：句式should/would句式肯定式主語+should/would be+過去分詞+by.否定式主語+should/would be+not+過去分詞+by.一般疑問式Should/Would +主語+過去分詞+by.特殊疑問式特殊疑問詞（作主語）should/would be +過去分詞+by.?特殊疑問詞+should/would +主語+be+過去分詞+by.?be going to句式肯定式主語+was/were going to be+過去分詞+by.否定式主語+was/were+not go

10、ing to+過去分詞+by.一般疑問式Was/Were +主語going to be+過去分詞+by.特殊疑問式特殊疑問詞（作主語）was/were going to be +過去分詞+by.?特殊疑問詞+was/were+主語+going to be +過去分詞+by.?He said the work would be done by November.含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)由“情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞”構(gòu)成，其句式如下：句式肯定式主語+情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞+by.否定式主語+情態(tài)動詞+not+be+過去分詞+by.一般疑問式情態(tài)動詞+主語+be+過去分詞+by

11、.特殊疑問式特殊疑問詞（作主語）情態(tài)動詞+be +過去分詞+by.?特殊疑問詞+情態(tài)動詞+主語+be+過去分詞+by.?Do you think teenagers should be encouraged to make their own decisions.二、被動語態(tài)的用法不清楚動作的執(zhí)行者時當(dāng)不清楚動作的執(zhí)行者時，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。The glass was broken yesterday.Our school was set up in 1951.強調(diào)動作的承受者時當(dāng)要強調(diào)動作的承受者時，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。The sick girl is being taken good care of

12、.不必指出動作的執(zhí)行者時當(dāng)不必指出動作的執(zhí)行者時，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。The machine is made in China.句法結(jié)構(gòu)需要當(dāng)動作的執(zhí)行者有較長的修飾語時，需要用被動語態(tài)。The plan was supported by those who lives far away from the factory.主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換主動句轉(zhuǎn)換為被動句時，被動句的時態(tài)要與主動句時一樣，但be動詞的人稱和數(shù)要根據(jù)被動句的主語來確定。（1）基本句式“主語+謂語+賓語”的轉(zhuǎn)換主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳涞姆椒ㄒ话惴譃槿齻€步驟：將主動句的賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z；將謂語動詞由主動形式改為被動形式“be+過去分詞

13、”；將主動句的主語改為被動句中介詞by的賓語（by短語有時可以省去）We plant many trees every year.Many trees are planted by us every year.（2）句式“主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語”的轉(zhuǎn)換含有雙賓語的主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r，有兩種方式：可將間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)的主語，直接賓語不變。My grandma gave me a present yesterday.I was given a present（by my grandma）yesterday.也可以將直接賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)的主語，這時，應(yīng)在間接賓語前加介詞to或for。My

14、 father bought me a new computer.A new computer was bought for me（by my father）.（3）句式“主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語”的轉(zhuǎn)換含有賓語補足語的主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r，可將其賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)的主語，賓語補足語留在原處作為主語的補足語。The man painted the door green yesterday.The door was painted green yesterday.（4）含有短語動詞的句式的轉(zhuǎn)換含有短語動詞的主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r，不能把動詞與介詞或副詞分開，也不能遺漏動詞后的介詞和副詞。I can

15、take good care of the dog.The dog can be taken good care of（by me）.（5） 祈使句的轉(zhuǎn)換祈使句轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r，用“Let+賓語+be+過去分詞”句式;否定祈使句變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r，用“Dont let+賓語+be+過去分詞”句式。Keep the book on the desk.Let the book be kept on the desk.被動語態(tài)的注意事項1.by短語的運用by短語的位置by短語一般放在被動句的謂語動詞之后。The music was written by Abing.Which things have to

16、be done by governments and organizations?by短語的省略在被動句中，當(dāng)不知道動作的執(zhí)行者、不想說出動作的執(zhí)行者或動作的執(zhí)行者是泛指時，常省略by短語。Today, sky lanterns are used at festival and other celebrations.2.主動語態(tài)不能變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的情況賓語是反身代詞或相互代詞的句子，不能變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)。The child can dress himself.用表示狀態(tài)的動詞，如have,fail,fit,suit,last等作謂語的句子，不能變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)。I have a new bike.The

17、 trousers fit me well.用動詞leave,enter,join等作謂語的句子，不能變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)。His friends left Beijing by train yesterday.賓語是動詞不定式或動名詞的句子，不能變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)。Shed always wanted to go to Thailand.謂語動詞與賓語組成的是一個不可分割的整體句子，不能變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)。Finally his parents made a decision to send him to a boys boarding school.不及物動詞、不及物性質(zhì)的短語動詞或連系動詞作謂語的句子，不能

18、變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)。When she woke up, the sun was rising.3.主動形式表被動意義的情況連系動詞如smell,taste,feel,sound,prove等，可以用主動形式表示被動意義。This soup tastes great.表示主語特征、狀態(tài)的動詞如wash,write,sell,read,open,cut,shut,keep,lock,clean等，可以用主動形式表示被動意義。The kind of cloth washes well.表示開始、結(jié)束類的動詞如start,begin,open,close,finish,stop,end等，可以用主動形式表示

19、被動意義。Classes begin at half past eight.在表示“需要”意義的need,want,require等詞的后面，動名詞用主動形式表示被動意義，其含義相當(dāng)于動詞不定式的被動形式。This desk needs repairing（=to be repaired）.形容詞worth后動名詞的主動形式表示被動意義。These books are worth reading.某些不定式的主動形式表示被動意義。當(dāng)easy,hard,difficult,nice,fit,important,impossible等形容詞后跟不定式，該形容詞說明不定式的特征，不定式與句子主語雖有

20、邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，但仍然用主動形式表示被動意義。The question is easy to answer.不定時做定語，與被修飾的詞有邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，同時又與句子中的另一名詞或代詞有邏輯上的主動關(guān)系時，不定式的主動形式表示被動意義。I have a lot of work to do today.在“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式與疑問詞之間存在被動關(guān)系，不定式用主動形式表示被動意義。We dont know what to do next.4.被動語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別被動語態(tài)表示動作，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)表示狀態(tài)或情況。The shop is closed at six.被動語態(tài)可以用于進行時，

21、而系表結(jié)構(gòu)多用于一般現(xiàn)在時貨一般過去時。The bridge is being painted.被動語態(tài)可以由介詞by引出動作的執(zhí)行者，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)常跟其他介詞。I was interested by the story.系表結(jié)構(gòu)可以用very,so,quite,too,rather,more,most等詞修飾，而被動語態(tài)可以用greatly,widely等詞修飾。I was not so satisfied with what you did.謂語動詞帶有時間、地點或方式狀語時，多半是被動語態(tài)。The window was broken yesterday.被動語態(tài)常由“be+過去分詞”構(gòu)成，

22、而系表結(jié)構(gòu)除了用be之外，還可以用其他連系動詞。He became interested in English.例題解析( )1. I want to borrow the book, but I dont know how long it may _.For two weeks.borrowB. be borrowedC. keepD. be kept解析：主語it指書，與謂語動詞“借”是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)；how long表示一段時間，不能與終止性動詞連用，故選D。( )2. You are not supposed to go to a family party unless you

23、 _ to in the US.inviteB. are not invitedC. are invitedD. will be invited解析：unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，用一般現(xiàn)在時替代一般將來時，排除C，根據(jù)題意可知，除非被邀請，故選B。( )3. Have you finished your report?Not yet. Ill make it if I _ another two day.giveB. are givenC. will giveD. will be given解析：if作“如果”講時引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，用一般現(xiàn)在時替代一般將來時，排除C與D，主語I是謂語動詞，g

24、ive的動作承受者，用被動語態(tài)，故選B。( )4. Its reported that Jiangsu Grand Theatre _ in Spetember this pletesB. is completedC. will completeD. will be completed解析：由this year可知動作尚未發(fā)生，用一般將來時；主語是動作承受者，用被動語態(tài)，故選D。( )5. Lunar Probe Change 5 _ into space this year. It will land on the moon and return with lunar samples.sendsB. will be sentC. will sendD. is sent解析：由will land可知，應(yīng)用一般將來時；主語月球探測器是動作承受者，位于用被