Chapter2商務(wù)英語翻譯技巧市公開課金獎市賽課一等獎?wù)n件

1、review翻譯基本方法音譯 Transliteration直譯 Literal Translation (word-for-word translation) 意譯 Free Translation (sense-for-sense translation) 藝術(shù)加工第1頁意譯Sure, Bob, everybody talks about empowerment, but when the rubber hits the road, the bosses demand to have the last word.譯文：當(dāng)然，Bob， 每個人都在談?wù)摲艡?quán)，但真正開始執(zhí)行總要等老板最終決議。W

2、hat foreign businessmen find encouraging is that ideology is no longer in the drivers seat.譯文：令外商感到鼓舞是意識形態(tài)不再左右一切了。第2頁課堂練習(xí)Floating policy is actually a convenient method of insuring goods where a number of similar export transactions are intended.floating policy 總保險單; 指用以承包多批次貨運一個連續(xù)性長久保險憑證，常譯為“統(tǒng)保單”。譯

3、：統(tǒng)保單是貨物保險一個便利方法,適合分不一樣時間出口一批類似貨物。第3頁2. Without prejudice to any rights which exist under the applicable laws or under the Subcontract, the Contractor shall be entitled to withhold or defer payment of all or part of any sums otherwise due by the Contractor to the Subcontractor.without prejudice to相當(dāng)于

4、without affecting，意為“在不損害標(biāo)準(zhǔn)下”，“在不影響情況下”等等。譯：在不影響按適使用方法律或分包協(xié)議享受任何權(quán)利情況下，承包商有權(quán)扣留或暫緩支付承包商應(yīng)付給分包商全部或部分到期金額。 第4頁Chapter 2商務(wù)英語翻譯技巧Translation Skills第5頁Translation skills2.1 英譯漢詞匯翻譯句子翻譯2.2 漢譯英詞匯翻譯句子翻譯第6頁2.1 英譯漢 accept maturityProvided you fulfill the terms of the credit, we will accept and pay at maturity da

5、te. accept:承兌，認(rèn)付（匯票等）maturity: 期滿在貴企業(yè)推行信用證條款條件下，我行將承兌并于期滿時支付信用證項下提醒匯票。一詞多義第7頁 outstanding settlementRegarding our outstanding account US $6,000, we must request you to send us immediately your check in settlement. outstanding: 未完結(jié)，未清，未付settlement: 支付，結(jié)帳相關(guān)未付賬6，000美元，請馬上寄來支票，方便結(jié)帳。第8頁Starbucks annual t

6、urnover is 60 million yuan.That company has a fast turnover because of poor working conditions.turnover: 營業(yè)額；人員更換率第9頁一詞多義現(xiàn)象翻譯 依據(jù)語境確定詞義We are sorry to say we had to lodge a claim against you to cover our loss and hope you will take action immediately. 十分遺憾地奉告，我方不得不向你方提出索賠以填補我方損失，并希望盡快落實。This is the b

7、alance to cover the check.這是準(zhǔn)備用來交付支票存款余額。第10頁Case Study Once the jewels were safely locked up in the bank he had no more anxieties about their security.He gave his house as a security.Treasury securities are revalued daily.security: 安全; 抵押品，擔(dān)保品; 證券，債券第11頁依據(jù)專業(yè)確定詞義They give 10% discount for cash payme

8、nt.The exporter may take the accepted bill to a discount bank before the maturity if he is in urgent need of the amount of money. 出口商假如急需用這筆錢,他能夠把這個承兌了匯票拿去貼現(xiàn)銀行貼現(xiàn)。If the forward exchange rate is higher than the spot rate, we call it forward premium, and if it is lower, we call it forward discount. 假如

9、遠(yuǎn)期匯率比即期匯率高，我們稱之為遠(yuǎn)期升水;假如遠(yuǎn)期比即期低，我們稱之為遠(yuǎn)期貼水。 discount 貼現(xiàn)銀行貼現(xiàn)（銀行金融）貼水（金融外匯）第12頁依據(jù)搭配關(guān)系確定詞義The above quoted are the articles in great demand, which have won a high reputation in various markets.上述報價商品均為暢銷貨物，它們已在世界各地市場上贏得很高聲譽。The articles in this agreement must not be modified and ended without the agreemen

10、t by both parties.本協(xié)議中所列條款未經(jīng)雙方一致同意不得變動和修改。article: 商品；條款第13頁Case Study The dollars remain strong against several important currencies. Canada is the biggest U.S. trading partner, accounting for more than 20% of both exports and imports, and the Canadian dollar is at all time low against the U.S. dol

11、lar.美元對幾個國家貨幣保持堅挺。加拿大是美國最大貿(mào)易搭檔，占了美國進出口總額20%。當(dāng)前加元對美元比價處于歷史最低點。第14頁專業(yè)性 普通詞匯，特殊意義In order to market our new product, we have printed fine literature.literature普通英語中，文學(xué);商務(wù)英語中，printedmatters,including leaflets,instruction,productcatalogue, price list, etc. (文字宣傳資料，諸如產(chǎn)品說明書、產(chǎn)品目錄、價目表等)第15頁However, the tarif

12、f should not be greater in amount that the margin of price caused by dumping.譯文:不過，(反傾銷)關(guān)稅稅額不應(yīng)比因傾銷而取得毛利潤高。dumping，在商業(yè)領(lǐng)域被引申為“傾銷”。margin，在商務(wù)英語中有“利潤、毛額、押金、確保金”意義。第16頁When Peter Welch, president of Cussons Polska and Uroda SA, arrived at Cussons newly acquired factory in Poland in 1993, he discovered th

13、at the concept of teamwork didnt exist.acquire 在商務(wù)英語中，“收購”當(dāng)卡森波蘭企業(yè)和烏諾達(dá)股份有限企業(yè)總裁彼得維奇剛到在波蘭新并購工廠時， 他發(fā)覺那兒根本不存在團體合作概念。 注釋:Uroda SA: 烏諾達(dá)股份有限企業(yè)。SA 是法語，有時也寫成 或S.A.。意思是“股份有限企業(yè)”。第17頁半專業(yè)詞匯The bill of exchange shall be accepted first and then can be honored by the acceptor.honor ，“兌現(xiàn)、承付”意思。該匯票應(yīng)先承兌，然后由承兌方進行支付。第18頁

14、If all the terms and conditions in the credit are not complied with, the exporter may run the risk of his draft being dishonored by the bank.商務(wù)英語中， dishonor 指銀行“退票、拒付”。假如信用證條款不一致，出口商匯票有可 能遭到銀行拒付。第19頁專業(yè)詞匯lot Labels: labels attached to each piece of multiple lot shipment for identification purposes. L

15、ot Labels: 貨票標(biāo)簽貨票標(biāo)簽：給多批貨物每件貼上標(biāo)簽方便于識別。第20頁保險費賠償房屋出租財產(chǎn)出租停業(yè)貨幣升值premiumindemnitytenancy lease of propertywind up/cease a businessappreciation of money 第21頁作業(yè)：The premium rates vary with differed interests insured.If the buyer fails to pay any account when due, the buyer shall be liable to pay the seller

16、 overdue interest on such unpaid amount from the due date until the actual date of payment at the rate of five percent per annum, such overdue interest shall be paid upon demand of the seller. The articles of our immediate interest are your “CHON-HOI” brand Agricultural Washing Machines.（保險費率）被保險貨物逾

17、期利息興趣第22頁2.1.2 句子翻譯（p18） 拆句法詞性轉(zhuǎn)換法必定否定轉(zhuǎn)換譯法語序重組法省譯法增譯法重復(fù)法第23頁1. 拆句法If a Party breaches any of the representations or warranties given by it in Articles 18.1 or repeated in 18.2, then in addition to any other remedies available to the other party under this contract or under Applicable Laws, it shallin

18、demnifyand keep indemnified the other Party and the company against any losses, damages, costs, expenses, liabilities and claims that such Party or the Company may suffer as a result of such breach.第24頁協(xié)議復(fù)合句分析方法首先，找出全句主干結(jié)構(gòu)；其次，要找出句子中全部謂語結(jié)構(gòu)、非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)、介詞短語和從句引導(dǎo)詞；然后再分析從句和短句功效；最終，分析句子中是否有固定搭配，插入語等其它成份。第25頁If

19、 a Party breaches any of the representations or warranties given by it in Articles 18.1, then in addition to any other remedies available to the other party under this contract or under Applicable Laws, it shallindemnifyand keep indemnified the other Party and the company against any losses, damages

20、, costs, expenses, liabilities and claims that such Party or the Company may suffer as a result of such breach.第一步，拆分句子：If a Party breaches in Articles 18.1then in addition to Applicable lawsit shall indemnify and costs, expenses, liabilities and claimsthat such Party or as a result of such breach.第

21、26頁If a Party breaches any of the representations or warranties given by it in Articles 18.1, then in addition to any other remedies available to the other party under this contract or under Applicable Laws, it shallindemnifyand keep indemnified the other Party and the company against any losses, da

22、mages, costs, expenses, liabilities and claims that such Party or the Company may suffer as a result of such breach.第二步，句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句主干結(jié)構(gòu)是主語（It）（情態(tài)動詞 動詞原形）（shall indemnify and keep indemnifiedagainst） 賓語（the other Party and the Company）；“if”引導(dǎo)是條件從句，條件句賓語部分跟隨即置定語（given by it in Articles 18. 1 ）；“in additi

23、on to”引導(dǎo)是增補成份，其關(guān)鍵詞remedies也跟了后置定語（available to the other Party under this contract or under Applicable laws）；而“that”引導(dǎo)則是后置定語修飾緊鄰五個名詞；固定結(jié)構(gòu)“indemnify sb. against ”使某人不受第27頁If a Party breaches any of the representations or warranties given by it in Articles 18.1, then in addition to any other remedies

24、available to the other party under this contract or under Applicable Laws, it shallindemnifyand keep indemnified the other Party and the company against any losses, damages, costs, expenses, liabilities and claims that such Party or the Company may suffer as a result of such breach. 假如一方違反任何其依據(jù)第18.1

25、條所做陳說或擔(dān)保，則另一方除依據(jù)本協(xié)議或適使用方法律尋求任何可能救助之外，違約方應(yīng)該賠償另一方或合營企業(yè)所以種違約行為而招致任何損失、損害、費用、開支、責(zé)任或索賠。第28頁practiceThe Buyer may, within 15 days after arrival of the goods at the destination, lodge a claim against the Seller for short-weight being supported by Inspection Certificate issued by a reputable public surveyor

26、.分析：這是一個簡單長句，其主干為The Buyers maylodge a claim。修飾謂語動詞狀語有三個：a.分別表示時間within 15 days after arrival of the goods at the destinationb.方式being supported by Inspection Certificate issued by a reputable public surveyor和c.目標(biāo)for short-weight譯文：貨物抵達(dá)目標(biāo)港15天內(nèi)，買方能夠憑有信譽公共檢驗員出示檢驗證實向賣方提出短重索賠。第29頁作業(yè)（拆句）In order to facil

27、itate business in consideration of the present monetary stringency（銀根緊）, the corporation, on behalf of which I am studying this proposition, is willing to base transaction on trade by barter（易貨貿(mào)易） and would import any articles, which you would ship to the United States.直譯：為便于交易，考慮到最近銀根很緊，本人正在研究這筆交易所

28、代表企業(yè)希望以易貨貿(mào)易為基礎(chǔ)進行交易，并進口你方能運到美國任何商品。拆句組合后：最近銀根很緊，為尋求達(dá)成交易，本人代表企業(yè)正在研究怎樣做成這筆交易。我們希望以易貨貿(mào)易為基礎(chǔ)，進口你方能運到美國任何商品。第30頁2. He is a good observer. 3. Access to the Internet is very simple. Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. 火箭已經(jīng)用來探索宇宙。他善于觀察。 上互聯(lián)網(wǎng)很簡單。 Nylon is nearly twice as strong

29、as natural silk. 尼龍強度尼龍強度幾乎是天然絲兩倍。2. 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換法第31頁 將英語名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語動詞，譯文更符合漢語表示習(xí)慣。因為與英語相比，漢語句子中動詞用得多，除了大量動賓結(jié)構(gòu)外，還有很多連動式、兼語式等兩個以上動詞連用現(xiàn)象。所以，英語中不少詞類，如名詞、動名詞、介詞、形容詞、副詞等在英譯漢時往往需要進行一定調(diào)整，轉(zhuǎn)譯成漢語動詞。當(dāng)然，英語名詞化和漢語動詞化并不排除在英譯漢時把英語動詞轉(zhuǎn)化成漢語名詞，再如：美國與德國汽車制造商在歐洲市場競爭得異常激烈，迫使我們不得不改變投資計劃。（英語名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語動詞）Extremely keen competition between

30、 American and German vehicle manufacturers in the European market has compelled us to change our investment plan. 第32頁A government report targets earnings from industry at US $ 200 billion by . The cost of making goods can be drastically lowered by means of mass-production. 政府一份匯報提出一個指標(biāo)：到，要使工業(yè)收入到達(dá) 2

31、 000 億美元。（英語動詞轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語名詞） 經(jīng)過批量生產(chǎn)能夠大幅度降低生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品成本。（英語介詞轉(zhuǎn)化成漢語動詞） Before World War II the most successful attempt to reduce tariffs by reciprocal bargaining was the trade agreements program of the United States, which was limited, however, by its bilateral nature. 第二次世界大戰(zhàn)之前，經(jīng)過相互談判降低關(guān)稅最成功努力是美國貿(mào)易協(xié)定計劃，不過這一計劃受其雙

32、邊性質(zhì)限制。（英語代詞轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語名詞）第33頁Advertising affects tremendously every sphere of modern life. The fair price connected with the superiority of varieties of our products will be able to guarantee our competitive edge in the international market. 廣告對當(dāng)代生活方方面面產(chǎn)生極大影響。（英語副詞轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語形容詞）我方各種各樣產(chǎn)品價格公平，品質(zhì)優(yōu)良，能夠確保在國際市場競爭優(yōu)勢。

33、（英語名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語形容詞）。 第34頁I have the honor to inform you that the new products of yours have entered the international markets. 我榮幸地告訴你，貴企業(yè)新產(chǎn)品已經(jīng)打入了國際市場。（名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成副詞）Lin Zexu believed that a successful ban of the trade in opium must be preceded by the destruction of the drug itself. 林則徐認(rèn)為，要成功地禁止鴉片，就得首先把鴉片焚毀。（形

34、容詞+名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為副詞 +動詞，名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為動詞） 1. Males and females are equal in their right to inheritance. （形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞；介詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞） 繼承權(quán)男女平等。第35頁There must be less empty talk and more hard work. For 20 years we were passive witnesses to the deterioration of prices of our raw materials and an excessive increase of the prices of

35、 manufactured goods.（名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為動詞） 一定要少說空話，多做工作。（形容詞名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為副詞動詞） 二十年來我們坐視原材料價格下跌與工業(yè)品價格暴漲（情況）。第36頁Amplification (增詞法) 3. 增減法（Amplification & Pruning ） By amplification we mean supplying necessary words in our translation work so as to make the version correct and clear, to make it more like the language tra

36、nslated into. Of course words thus supplied must be indispensable either syntactically or semantically. In other words, a translator is not supposed to add any meaning to the original. There are two kinds: 1)Words for syntactic constructionto secure correctness, 2)Words supplied for semantic complet

37、ionto secure clearness. Both aim at making the version expressive and readily understood by the reader.第37頁 增詞法（Amplification）：增補同義詞增補范圍詞增補產(chǎn)品名稱第38頁晚上在參加宴會、出席音樂會、觀看乒乓球演出之后，他還得起草最終公報。2. Our product is indeed cheap and fine.我們產(chǎn)品物美價廉。 3. Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact

38、 man.讀書使人充實，討論使人機智，寫作使人準(zhǔn)確。 Warm upIn the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the drafting of the final communiqu. 第39頁增補同義詞 增詞法The innovation of products is one of the reform measures of the SOEs because it can decrease loss, cost and budget.

39、產(chǎn)品革新是國企改革辦法之一，因為它能夠降低損失、降低成本并削減預(yù)算。假如直譯成：“產(chǎn)品革新是國企改革辦法之一，因為它能夠降低損失、成本和預(yù)算。”那么，句中“降低”和“成本”搭配就不妥當(dāng)，所以有必要增補對應(yīng)漢語詞匯。第40頁practiceInvestor confidence is crucial to the success of our economic system.投資者信心對于經(jīng)濟體系成功運行至關(guān)主要。Both the buyer and the seller are busy at negotiations of business, contract and draft. 買賣雙方

40、正忙于交易磋商，合約談判和匯票議付。假如直譯為：“買賣雙方正忙于交易，合約和匯票磋商?！蹦敲?，“磋商”和“合約”及“匯票”搭配也不準(zhǔn)確，所以，需要譯者依據(jù)漢語搭配習(xí)慣做出增補。第41頁增補范圍詞 在英譯漢過程中考慮到漢語表示習(xí)慣，經(jīng)常增加范圍詞有：方法、辦法、情況、情緒、狀態(tài)、現(xiàn)象、方面、問題、關(guān)系、工作等。The changes of requirements for the commodities in the market are affected by the internal and external factors.影響市場對商品需求改變情況有內(nèi)因和外因兩方面原因。 假如直譯就是：

41、影響市場對商品需求改變有內(nèi)因和外因兩方面。但若添加范圍詞“情況”、“方面”等來修飾對應(yīng)抽象名詞，changes和 factors 愈加詳細(xì)、明確，符合漢語修辭需要。第42頁practiceThe tension in the Middle East has attracted much attention. 中東擔(dān)心局勢已引發(fā)了全世界廣泛關(guān)注。The terms of the contract must be clear, definite, certain and complete. 協(xié)議條款必須書寫清楚、意思明確、語氣必定、內(nèi)容完備。 Unless these issues are add

42、ressed as a matter of urgency, the consequent de-motivation of staff will undoubtedly have a negative impact on the performance of the company. 假如這些問題得不到緊急處理，員工隊伍中隨之出現(xiàn)消極怠工情緒無疑將對企業(yè)整個運行業(yè)績產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。第43頁 混亂局面 飽和狀態(tài) 廢物回收利用 準(zhǔn)備工作 管理部門 冗員，多出信息 補救辦法 處理方案 修改方案 有利地位 落后狀態(tài) .confusion saturation recycling preparation

43、 management redundancy remedies solution modification advantage backwardness 第44頁 說服工作 擔(dān)心局勢 自滿情緒 瘋狂行為 敵對態(tài)度褻瀆行為軍事,政治,經(jīng)濟等方面 .persuasion tension arrogance madnessantagonismprofanitymilitarily, politically and economically第45頁增補產(chǎn)品名稱詞義對于英文中缺失產(chǎn)品名稱，翻譯時有時要依據(jù)詳細(xì)情況增補出來。如：The price which society pays for the la

44、w of competition, like the price it pays for cheap comforts and luxuries, is also great.社會為競爭法則付出代價，如同它為廉價舒適家用商品和高檔消費品代價一樣巨大。 comfort 和 luxury 都是抽象名詞，但在組成復(fù)數(shù)后，詞義就詳細(xì)化了。不然該句就會產(chǎn)生這么誤譯：社會競爭法則付出代價如同它為廉價舒適和奢侈付出代價一樣巨大。第46頁The five Toyota, twenty Hitachi and thirty Fuji Xerox have long been ready for shipment

45、, but shipment cannot be effected because of the late arrival of your L/C. 5輛豐田牌汽車，20臺日立牌電視機和30臺富士施樂牌復(fù)印機早已備妥待運，但因你方信用證延遲抵達(dá)，貨物不能按期裝運。 原文中Toyota，Hitachi，Xerox都為世界著名品牌，在翻譯時要按漢語習(xí)慣使用方法把他們產(chǎn)品名稱補充完整，才能使譯文詳細(xì)明了。 第47頁4. 減詞法（Omission or pruning）to leave out some unnecessary words.One of the differences in synta

46、x between English and Chinese is the disparity in wording. What is regarded as a natural or indispensable element in one language may be regarded as superfluous or even “a stumbling block” in the other. For the sake of succinctness, functional words in English such as the article, the preposition ar

47、e usually omitted in translation.See examples:第48頁A difference arose between the neighbors over the height of the fence.鄰居之間為了籬笆高度惹起了一場爭論。鄰居為籬笆高低有過爭論。（思果，譯道探微，中國對外翻譯出版企業(yè)，） P149。Fight when you can win; move away when you cannot win.打得贏就打;打不贏就走。第49頁It was a keen disappointment when I had to postpone t

48、he visit which I had intended to pay to China in May. I was delighted when, as a result of the effort of your company, it proved possible to reinstate the visit so quickly.原打算五月份訪華，后不得不推遲，深感失望。因為貴企業(yè)努力，訪問這么快得以重新安排，非常高興。 減詞是指將原文中需要、而譯文中又不需要詞語省去。減省詞語應(yīng)是那些在譯文中保留下來反而使行文累贅嚕嗦、且不合漢語語言表示習(xí)慣詞語。減詞普通用于以下兩種情況：一是從語

49、法角度進行減省；二是從修飾角度進行減省，但總體效果無非是在更透徹地了解原文基礎(chǔ)上更流暢地表示出來。第50頁A teacher should have patience in his work. The products should be sampled to check their quality before they leave the factory.I framed the words in my mind, “Pardon me, but have I done something to offend you?” （省略冠詞）當(dāng)老師應(yīng)該有耐心。（省略冠詞） 產(chǎn)品出廠前應(yīng)該進行抽樣質(zhì)

50、檢。（省略介詞和名詞） 我心里在嘀咕：“對不起，我有什么舉止行為冒犯你了嗎？”With the weather so stuffy, ten to one itll rain presently. 天這么悶，很可能就要下雨了。University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not. （省略介詞） 報考大學(xué)人中，有工作經(jīng)驗優(yōu)先錄用。第51頁Unless you propose something definite together with larger impro

51、vement on your price, we are not inclined to place a large order.Neither party shall cancel the contract without sufficient cause or reason.Deliverymust be effectedwithin the time stated on the purchase order.We took this opportunity to inform you that we are now in a position to make a prompt shipm

52、ent of themerchandise.作業(yè)第52頁Unless you propose something definite together with larger improvement on your price, we are not inclined to place a large order. 除非你方提供詳細(xì)提議，并較大幅度地降低價格，不然，我們是不會大批訂貨。Neither party shall cancel the contract without sufficient cause or reason. 雙方均不得無故解除協(xié)議。Deliverymust be eff

53、ectedwithin the time stated on the purchase order.必須在購貨單要求時間交貨。We took this opportunity to inform you that we are now in a position to make a prompt shipment of themerchandise. 茲奉告，該商品可即期裝運。作業(yè)第53頁重復(fù)法（repetition）We should learn how to analyze and solve problems. 我們應(yīng)該學(xué)會怎樣分析問題和處理問題。The big company has its disadvantages. 大企業(yè)有大企業(yè)難處。Managing multinationals