2022高考英語試題分項(xiàng)版解析專題13人物傳記、故事類含解析

1、2021高考英語試題分項(xiàng)版解析專題13人物傳記、故事類（含解析）PAGE PAGE 230專題13 人物傳記、故事類2018年高考題A【2018浙江卷】 In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a centurymost experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719but nobody wanted to do it profe

2、ssionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy（識字） rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like “By a lady.”Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral, or just pla

3、in bad. In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim were held up as moral touchstones. Today Di

4、ckens greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon（名人堂） of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa. How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is ext

5、remely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a half-dozen of them. Its partly true that Dickens style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. Its partly that his writings rode a wave

6、 of social, political and scientific progress. But its also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a singular writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is po

7、ssible and important for our own cultureto understand how he made himself a lasting one.21. Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century?A. They were difficult to understand.B. They were popular among the rich.C. They were seen as nearly worthless.D. They were written mos

8、tly by women.22. Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress_.A. his reputation in FranceB. his interest in modern artC. his success in publicationD. his importance in literature23. What is the authors purpose in writing the text?A. To remember a great writer.B. To introduce an Engl

9、ish novel.C. To encourage studies on culture.D. To promote values of the Victorian age.【答案】21. C 22. D 23. A【解析】本文寫于Charles Dickens誕辰200周年前夕，介紹了Charles Dickens在英國小說方面的重要貢獻(xiàn)和深遠(yuǎn)影響。22. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段Dickens greatness is unchallenged.和列舉的Charles Dickens小說的影響可知，把他和Mona Lisa相比是為了說明Charles Dickens在英國小說方面的重要性和M

10、ona Lisa在繪畫方面的重要性是一樣的，故選D。23. 寫作意圖題。根據(jù)文中對Charles Dickens及其作品在英國小說史上重要性的描寫，和文章最后But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible and important for our own cultureto understand how he made himself a lasting one.可知本文是寫于Charles Dickens誕辰200周年前夕，由此可知作者寫本文是為了紀(jì)念這位偉大的作家。故選A。【點(diǎn)睛】推理判斷題要求在理

11、解表面文字的基礎(chǔ)上，做出判斷和推論，從而得到文章的隱含的意思和深層的意思，也就是通過文章中的文字信息，上下邏輯關(guān)系及事物的發(fā)展變化等已知的信息，推斷出作者沒有直接表達(dá)的態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)。本文推理判斷題的考法：1. 推測文章的觀點(diǎn)或結(jié)論。小題1要求判斷18世紀(jì)英國小說的現(xiàn)狀，根據(jù)第一段對當(dāng)時情況的描寫nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy rate in England was under 50%.Novels,

12、 were looked upon as silly, immoral, or just plain bad.可知當(dāng)時印刷技術(shù)落后，人們識字率低，小說被認(rèn)為是愚蠢的不正常的，毫無價值可言。2. 推測作者寫作目的或意圖。小題3判斷本文的寫作目的，根據(jù)文中對Charles Dickens及其作品在英國小說史上重要性的描寫，和文章最后But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible and important for our own cultureto understand how he made himself

13、 a lasting one.可知本文是寫于Charles Dickens誕辰200周年前夕，由此推斷作者寫本文是為了紀(jì)念這位偉大的作家。 B【2018天津卷】When I was 17, I read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay, once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay. She had requested the community to turn it into a museum upon her death. On a sunny Saturday,

14、 Sally and I drove over to the museum. She asked, Do you have the address? No, but Ill recognize it, there was a picture in the magazine. Oh, stop. There it is!”The museum was free. We entered, excited. A group of people sitting in the hall stopped talking and stared at us.May I help you? a man aske

15、d. No, I said. Were fine.” Tour guides got on my nerves. What if they talked a long time about a painting you werent that interested in? Sally had gone upstairs. The people in the hall seemed very nosy(愛窺探的), keeping their eyes on me with curiosity. What was their problem? I saw some nice sculptures

16、 in one room. Suddenly I sensed a man standing behind me. Where do you think you are? he asked. I turned sharply. The McNay Art Museum! He smiled, shaking his head. Sorry, the McNay is on New Braunfels Street. Whats this place?” I asked, still confused. Well, its our home. My heart jolted(震顫). I rac

17、ed to the staircase and called out, Sally! Come down immediately! Theres some really good stuff(藝術(shù)作品) up there. She stepped down, looking confused. I pushed her toward the front door, waving at the family, saying, Sorry, please forgive us, you have a really nice place. Outside, when I told Sally wha

18、t happened, she covered her mouth, laughing. She couldnt believe how long they let us look around without saying anything.The real McNay was splendid, but we felt nervous the whole time we were there. Van Gogh, Picasso. This time, we stayed together, in case anything else unusual happened.Thirty yea

19、rs later, a woman approached me in a public place. Excuse me, did you ever enter a residence, long ago, thinking it was the McNay Museum?Yes. But how do you know? We never told anyone.That was my home. I was a teenager sitting in the hall. Before you came over, I never realized what a beautiful plac

20、e I lived in. I never felt lucky before. You thought it was a museum. My feelings about my home changed after that. Ive always wanted to thank you.41. What do we know about Marian McNay?A. She was a painter.B. She was a community leader.C. She was a museum director.D. She was a journalist.42. Why di

21、d the author refuse the help from the man in the house?A. She disliked people who were nosy.B. She felt nervous when talking to strangers.C. She knew more about art than the man.D. She mistook him for a tour guide.43. How did the author feel about being stared at by the people in the hall?A. Puzzled

22、. B. Concerned.C. Frightened. D. Delighted.44. Why did the author describe the real McNay museum in just a few words?A. The real museum lacked enough artwork to interest her.B. She was too upset to spend much time at the real museum.C. The McNay was disappointing compared with the house.D. The event

23、 happening in the house was more significant.45. What could we learn from the last paragraph?A. People should have good taste to enjoy life.B. People should spend more time with their family.C. People tend to be blind to the beauty around them.D. People tend to educate teenagers at a museum.【答案】41.

24、A 42. D 43. A 44. D 45. C【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章作者和朋友原想?yún)⒂^McNay博物館，到了之后參觀的時候，發(fā)現(xiàn)很多人奇怪的看著她，最后才發(fā)現(xiàn)自己誤將一個私人住宅當(dāng)成McNay博物館。30年后，一位女士認(rèn)出誤撞入自己住宅的作者，指出正是因?yàn)樽髡叩恼`撞入才讓她意識到自己住的地方有多么美麗。41. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段When I was 17, I read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay, once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay

25、.可知，Marian McNay是一名水彩畫家。故選A。42. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段May I help you? a man asked. No, I said. Were fine.” Tour guides got on my nerves.可知，導(dǎo)游令作者心煩，作者誤認(rèn)為屋子里的男人是位導(dǎo)游。故選D。43. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段The people in the hall seemed very nosy(愛窺探的), keeping their eyes on me with curiosity. What was their problem?（大廳的人看起來都非常愛窺探

26、的，眼睛不停的好奇的看著我。他們有什么問題？）可以推斷出，作者當(dāng)時感到困惑不解。故選A。【點(diǎn)睛】本文是敘事性的文章，文章有一定的趣味性，整體難度中等，考查主要以細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩類題型。推理判斷題屬于主觀性較強(qiáng)的高層次閱讀理解題，做這類題目時，同學(xué)們要嚴(yán)格依據(jù)作者所陳述的細(xì)節(jié)、事實(shí)以及作者的措詞、態(tài)度和語氣，找出能夠表露作者思想傾向和感情色彩的詞句，然后利用自己已獲得的相關(guān)知識進(jìn)行推理判斷，從而得出符合邏輯的結(jié)論。如小題3中考查作者被人盯著看的感受，我們需要找到文章中作者的措詞nosy，curiosity和problem，可以推斷出作者當(dāng)時非常困惑不解的心理感受。A【2018北京卷】My F

27、irst Marathon（馬拉松）A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and t

28、hen hit a softball. I didnt do either well. He later informed me that I was not athletic.The idea that I was not athletic stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all abou

29、t the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills!The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldnt even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces(鞋帶) became untied. So I stopped to r

30、eadjust. Not the start I wanted!At mile 3, I passed a sign: GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.By mile 21, I was starving!As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife

31、waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running.I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.Determined to

32、be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗標(biāo)簽), I can now call myself a marathon winner.36.Amonthbeforethemarathon,theauthor _.A.waswelltrainedB.feltscared C.madeuphismindtorunD.losthope37.WhydidtheauthormentiontheP.E.classinhis7thyear?A.Toacknowledgethesupportofhisteacher.B.Toamuse

33、thereaderswithafunnystory.C.Toshowhewasnottalentedinsports.D.Toshareapreciousmemory.38.Howwastheauthorsfirstmarathon?A.Hemadeit.B.Hequithalfway.C.Hegotthefirstprize.D.Hewalkedtotheend.39.Whatdoesthestorymainlytellus?A.Amanoweshissuccesstohisfamilysupport.B.Awinnerisonewithagreateffortofwill.C.Failur

34、eisthemotherofsuccess.D.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn. C22018北京卷 A【要點(diǎn)綜述】 本文是一篇故事類文章。作者記敘了沒有運(yùn)動天賦的他，在20多歲才開始長跑，但是一次在跑馬拉松比賽前夕踝關(guān)節(jié)受傷，但他堅(jiān)持不懈，最終實(shí)現(xiàn)了自我的故事。36. C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“Yet, I was determined to go ahead”可知，作者在馬拉松前一個月下定決心要參加馬拉松比賽。故選C。37. C寫作意圖題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“He later informed me that I was not athletic”可知，作者的經(jīng)歷證

35、明他在運(yùn)動方面并非很有天賦。故選C。38. A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.”以及前文中作者行進(jìn)經(jīng)過的標(biāo)志可知，雖然作者是最后到達(dá)終點(diǎn)的一批馬拉松選手，但是他跑完了全程。故選A。39. B主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Determined to be myself, move f

36、orward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗標(biāo)簽), I can now call myself a marathon winner”.”可知，作者享受到了戰(zhàn)勝自我的快樂，認(rèn)為只要努力了就算是勝利者。故選B。2017年高考題人物傳記類C12017浙江卷6月考ABenjamin West, the father of American painting, showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age. But he did not know about brushes before

37、 a visitor told him he needed one. In those days, a brush was made from camels hair. There were no camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead. He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush.The brush did not last long. Soon Benjamin needed more fur. Before long, the cat be

38、gan to look ragged (蓬亂). His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.The cats lot was about to improve. That year, one of Benjamins cousins, Mr Pennington, came to visit. He was impressed with Benjamins drawings. When he went home, he sent Benjamin

39、a box of paint and some brushes. He also sent six engravings (版畫) by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen. In 1747，when Benjamin was nine years old，Mr Pennington returned for another visit. He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his g

40、ift. He asked Benjamins parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit.In the city, Mr Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings. The boy began a landscape (風(fēng)景) painting. William Williams, a wellknown painter，came to see him work. Williams was impressed with Be

41、njamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home. The books were long and dull. Benjamin could read only a little, having been a poor student. But he later said，“Those two books were my companions by day, and under my pillow at night.” While it is likely that he understood very little

42、of the books，they were his introduction to classical paintings. The nineyearold boy decided then that he would be an artist.21What is the text mainly about?A. Benjamins visit to Philadelphia.B. Williams influence on Benjamin.C. The beginning of Benjamins life as an artist.D. The friendship between B

43、enjamin and Pennington.22What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 suggest?A. The cat would be closely watched.B. The cat would get some medical care.C. Benjamin would leave his home shortly.D. Benjamin would have real brushes soon.23What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent?

44、A. He took him to see painting exhibitions.B. He provided him with painting materials.C. He sent him to a school in Philadelphia.D. He taught him how to make engravings.24Williams two books helped Benjamin to _A. master the use of paintsB. appreciate landscape paintingsC. get to know other paintersD

45、. make up his mind to be a painter【文章大意】 本文是一篇人物介紹類的記敘文，主要講述了美國繪畫之父本杰明韋斯特小時候繪畫天賦的培養(yǎng)和他在6至9歲時受到的藝術(shù)啟蒙教育。21. C主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段首句“Benjamin Westshowed his talent for art when”，以及下文第四段首句提到的“In 1747, when Benjamin was nine years old”和最后一段內(nèi)容及最后一句“boy decided then that he would be an artist.”，并結(jié)合全文可知，文章主要講述了Benj

46、amin West (本杰明韋斯特)少年時代的藝術(shù)啟蒙，特別是69歲階段，所以C項(xiàng)能概括全文大意。22. D句意理解題。該句需要結(jié)合上下文來理解。根據(jù)上文第二段提到本杰明剪貓的毛來制作畫筆，導(dǎo)致貓的“毀毛破相”，而第三段提到本杰明的堂兄Pennington給他送來了很多畫畫的顏料和畫筆。由此我們可以推斷，該下劃線句子內(nèi)容說明“貓的命運(yùn)不久將得到改善”，而這一點(diǎn)可以從本杰明得到了很多畫筆資助推斷出來。故這句話隱含著“本杰明將很快不再需要用貓的毛制作畫筆了，他將得到很多真正的畫筆”的意思，答案選D項(xiàng)?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】 本文后兩個小題考查了細(xì)節(jié)題。在完成細(xì)節(jié)題時，要特別注意排除干擾項(xiàng)。如【小題23】中的

47、D項(xiàng)“He taught him how to make engravings”屬于“偷梁換柱”類干擾項(xiàng)，根據(jù)第三段第五句“He also sent six engravings by an artist”可知“這些版畫是Pennington送給Benjamin的”，并非是Pennington教Benjamin如何畫版畫，說明D項(xiàng)明顯錯誤。干擾項(xiàng)的設(shè)置方法通常有以下幾種方式：1.張冠李戴。命題者把文章作者的觀點(diǎn)與他人的觀點(diǎn)混淆起來，題干問的是作者的觀點(diǎn)，選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)的卻是他人的觀點(diǎn)；或者題干問的是他人的觀點(diǎn)，卻把作者的觀點(diǎn)放到選項(xiàng)中去。2.偷梁換柱。干擾項(xiàng)用了與原文相似的句型結(jié)構(gòu)和大部分相似的詞

48、匯，卻在不易引人注意的地方換了幾個詞匯，造成句意的改變。3.無中生有。干擾項(xiàng)往往是生活的基本常識和普遍接受的觀點(diǎn)，但在原文中并無相關(guān)的信息支持點(diǎn)，這種選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置往往與問題的設(shè)問毫不相干。4.以偏概全?？忌谧霾聹y文章中心思想、給文章添加標(biāo)題或判斷推理題時，往往會犯以偏概全的錯誤。產(chǎn)生這類錯誤的原因是考生受思維定勢的影響或考慮不周，以局部代替整體。其具體表現(xiàn)為合理關(guān)聯(lián)與不合理關(guān)聯(lián)、準(zhǔn)確概括與不準(zhǔn)確概括之間的錯位。不合理關(guān)聯(lián)就是表層理解與深層理解相混淆。表層理解是對文章中客觀事實(shí)的感知和記憶，往往是文章直接表述的結(jié)論；深層理解則是對文章中的客觀事實(shí)進(jìn)行邏輯推理、總結(jié)或概括后得出的結(jié)論。不準(zhǔn)確概括是

49、指不能準(zhǔn)確地按題目要求概括或提取文中的表層或深層信息。 考點(diǎn)：考查記敘文閱讀 故事類 2017北京卷AIt was a cold March day in High Point, North Carolina. The girls on the Wesleyan Academy softball team were waiting for their next turns at bat during practice, stamping their feet to stay warm. Eighthgrader Taylor Bisbee shivered(發(fā)抖) a little as sh

50、e watched her teammate Paris White play. The two didnt know each other wellTaylor had just moved to town a month or so before.Suddenly, Paris fell to the ground.“Pariss eyes rolled back，” Taylor says. “She started shaking. I knew it was an emergency.”It certainly was. Paris had suffered a sudden hea

51、rt failure. Without immediate medical care, Paris would die. At first, no one moved. The girls were in shock. Then the softball coach shouted out, “Does anyone know CPR？”CPR is a lifesaving technique. To do CPR, you press on the sick persons chest so that blood moves through the body and takes oxyge

52、n to organs. Without oxygen, the brain is damaged quickly.Amazingly, Taylor had just taken a CPR course the day before. Still, she hesitated. She didnt think she knew it well enough. But when no one else came forward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR. “It was scary. I knew it was the differen

53、ce between life and death，” says Taylor.Taylors swift action helped her teammates calm down. One girl called 911. Two more ran to get the school nurse, who brought a defibrillator, an electronic device(器械) that can shock the heart back into work. Luck stayed with them: Pariss heartbeat returned.“I k

54、now I was really lucky，” Paris says now. “Most people dont survive this. My team saved my life.”Experts say Paris is right: for a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.Today, Paris is back on the softball team. Taylor will apply

55、 to college soon. She wants to be a nurse. “I feel more confident in my actions now，” Taylor says. “I know I can act under pressure in a scary situation.”56What happened to Paris on a March day?AShe caught a bad cold.BShe had a sudden heart problem.CShe was knocked down by a ball.DShe shivered terri

56、bly during practice.57Why does Paris say she was lucky?AShe made a worthy friend.BShe recovered from shock.CShe received immediate CPR.DShe came back on the softball team.58Which of the following words can best describe Taylor?AEnthusiastic and kind.BCourageous and calm.CCooperative and generous.DAm

57、bitious and professional.【文章大意】 本文是一篇記敘文，講述了壘球女孩 Paris 在打球的過程中突然心力衰竭， 隊(duì)友 Taylor對其進(jìn)行了緊急心肺復(fù)蘇，Paris因此恢復(fù)了心跳的故事。文章旨在說明病人心力衰竭時， 其他人保持冷靜并對其進(jìn)行緊急心肺復(fù)蘇的重要性。56B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。 根據(jù)第三段中“It certainly was. Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure.”可知， Paris突然心力衰竭，所以答案為B。57C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段可知隊(duì)友的協(xié)助使Paris得到了及時的救助，所以 Paris說自己很幸運(yùn)。故答案

58、為 C。58B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中“But when no one else came forward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR.”可知Taylor非常的勇敢，以及第六段首句“Taylors swift action helped her teammates calm down.”可知， Taylor是一個勇敢、冷靜的女孩， 所以答案為 B?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】故事類文章是高考閱讀理解常選材料之一。這類文章常通過敘述突出人物性格特征或講述個人經(jīng)歷與感悟，以及逸聞趣事。文章的要素有時間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件等。有些是按事件發(fā)展的經(jīng)過為主線敘述的，在

59、敘述的過程中有詳有略；有些是按時間的順序敘述的，有順敘、倒敘等。解題技巧： 1、高考選用的此類文章常常為幽默類或情感類故事，其目的或闡明某種觀點(diǎn)，或抨擊某種陋習(xí)，或贊揚(yáng)某種品德，所以要關(guān)注作者表達(dá)的個人感悟，提出的個人意見，或故事中出其不意的變化，而這些往往體現(xiàn)文章中心或?qū)懽饕鈭D，屬于必考點(diǎn)。如本題中的第58題，總結(jié)人物品質(zhì)的，Taylor根據(jù)自己所學(xué)的CPR知識及時的挽救了 Paris的生命，雖然猶豫了，但是很快地進(jìn)行CPR搶救，說明她很勇敢，很鎮(zhèn)靜，不慌不忙，不像其他孩子那樣陷入驚慌之中，故選B。2、該類文章語言流暢、有趣，命題往往從故事的情節(jié)、人物或事件之間的關(guān)系、作者的意圖和態(tài)度、故事

60、的前因和后果等方面入手，考查學(xué)生對細(xì)節(jié)的辨認(rèn)能力以及推理判斷能力。這類文章同學(xué)們常有文章易懂，題目不易做的感覺。要注意培養(yǎng)自己快速閱讀的習(xí)慣。切不可在個別難懂的詞句上停留太久，耽誤時間。3、對整篇短文內(nèi)容有了一定的了解后，要馬上看短文后的問題，帶著問題去選擇或判斷答案。要確定所需查找的信息范圍，并注意所查找信息的特點(diǎn)。例如：如果問題或選項(xiàng)涉及到人名、地名，就應(yīng)該找首字母大寫的單詞；如果問題或選項(xiàng)涉及時間、日期、數(shù)字，就應(yīng)該尋找具體的數(shù)據(jù)。 2017全國卷B I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organizat