高考英語語法填空之詞性轉(zhuǎn)換類PPT

1、關(guān)于高考英語語法填空之詞性轉(zhuǎn)換類第一張，PPT共四十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換是語法填空的必考點(diǎn)。這一考點(diǎn)涉及到: (1) 句子成分劃分或句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析； (2) 各種詞性的語法功能； (3) 構(gòu)詞法特別是派生法 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換等多個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)，是綜合性較強(qiáng)的一道題。我們將其主要考點(diǎn)和必備基礎(chǔ)歸納如下：第二張，PPT共四十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月考點(diǎn)1：形容詞副詞 形容詞后+ly可變成與原來意義相同的副詞。直接加-lyslow 慢的 slowly 緩慢地改y為-ilyhappy 高興的 happily 高興地去e加-lytrue 真的 truly 真的考點(diǎn)解密第三張，PPT共四十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2

2、022年6月后 綴 例 詞 后 綴 例 詞 -alindustrial national -an European American-ern eastern northern -able reasonable believable -ful careful mouthful -ish childish selfish-ive active creative -y dirty thirsty windy -en golden wooden -ary imaginary revolutionary-ic realistic historic -some troublesome lonesome-l

3、ike childlike womanlike -lyfriendly lovely -lesscareless harmless考點(diǎn)2：名詞形容詞(1)名詞加不同的后綴變成形容詞，常見的后綴有：第四張，PPT共四十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月(2)形容詞變成名詞。如：后綴例 詞-nesshappiness 幸福 illness 疾病 -ydifficulty 困難 possibility 可能性 -ismsocialism 社會(huì)主義第五張，PPT共四十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月考點(diǎn)3：形容詞動(dòng)詞(1)形容詞可變成動(dòng)詞。如：en-enrich豐富 enable 使能夠-enwiden加寬 sha

4、rpen削尖shorten 縮短 soften 軟化-izeAmericanize 美國(guó)化 civilize 使開化modernize 現(xiàn)代化 nationalize國(guó)有化-ysimplify簡(jiǎn)化某些名詞后加-y可變成動(dòng)詞，表示“使化”。如：beautify 美化第六張，PPT共四十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月(2)動(dòng)詞變成形容詞。如：-ouscontinuous持續(xù)的 various各種各樣的-able/ibledrinkable可飲用的accessible可進(jìn)入的-ing/edinteresting令人感興趣的 excited興奮的第七張，PPT共四十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月考點(diǎn)4：動(dòng)詞名

5、詞后綴例 詞-anceacceptance接受 appearance 出現(xiàn)-encereference參考 existence 存在-alrefusal拒絕 arrival 到達(dá)-tiondictation聽寫 preparation 準(zhǔn)備-mentargument 爭(zhēng)論 judgment 判斷第八張，PPT共四十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月考點(diǎn)5：名詞名詞(人)后綴例 詞-erteacher 教師 reader 讀者officer 官員 farmer 農(nóng)夫villager 村民 Londoner 倫敦人-orconductor 售票員 visitor 游客-arbeggar 乞丐 -essac

6、tress 女演員 hostess 女主人-eseChinese 中國(guó)人Japanese 日本人-ianmusician 音樂家 physician內(nèi)科醫(yī)生-istscientist科學(xué)家 socialist社會(huì)主義者第九張，PPT共四十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月考點(diǎn)6：不變?cè)~性的前綴和后綴前綴含 義例 詞dis-不，否定dissatisfy使不滿意 dishonest 不誠(chéng)實(shí)un-不unable 不能夠 unlucky 不幸的un-相反動(dòng)作undress脫衣服 unload 卸貨in-im-ir-il-不，非inactive 不活躍的 incorrect 不正確的impolite不有禮貌的

7、impossible不可能的irregular 不規(guī)則的 irresponsible不負(fù)責(zé)任的illogical 不合邏輯的 illegal 非法的non-不，非non-existent不存在的 non-stop 直達(dá)的mis-錯(cuò)誤的，壞的misunderstand 誤解 misfortune 厄運(yùn),不幸第十張，PPT共四十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月前綴含 義例 詞re重復(fù)，再rewrite重寫 remarry 再婚super-在上面，超級(jí)supermarket 超市 supermodel 超級(jí)名模under-在之下underestimate低估 underground 地下的inter-相互

8、，之間international國(guó)際的 interact 相互作用semi-半semifinal（半決賽） semicircle 半圓multi-多，多種multi-national多國(guó)的 multi-coloured多種顏色的kilo-千kilometer 千米,公里 kilogram 千克,公斤tele-遠(yuǎn)telephone 電話 television 電視a-在上/里aboard 在船/火車/飛機(jī)上 ahead 在前面第十一張，PPT共四十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月注：前綴一般只改變?cè)~義而不改變?cè)~性： 但en-也改變?cè)~性，如：large大的-enlarge擴(kuò)大，danger危險(xiǎn)-enda

9、nger危及； 后綴一般改變?cè)~性不改變?cè)~義，但-ship也不改變?cè)~性，如：leader領(lǐng)導(dǎo)-leadership領(lǐng)導(dǎo)階層；friend朋友-friendship友誼。第十二張，PPT共四十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 要正確解答高考語法填空中的詞語派生題，必須弄清要填的詞在句子中充當(dāng)哪種句子成分，作該種成分需要哪種詞類的詞；然后再根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法將括號(hào)中的詞變成所需要的詞類。 下表歸納了各種句子成分的概念、所處的語境和充當(dāng)該句子成分的典型詞類，這些是做好詞語派生題的必備基礎(chǔ)，建議同學(xué)們理解并熟記：解題技巧第十三張，PPT共四十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月概念描述所處語境充當(dāng)?shù)脑~類主語講的是什么人或什么事

10、句子最前面；在冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞，及some, any, other等后名詞、代詞；動(dòng)名詞、不定式或從句賓語動(dòng)作的行為對(duì)象及物動(dòng)詞或介詞之后；在冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞，及some, any, other等后謂語表示主語干什么或是什么主語之后動(dòng)詞表語說明主語的身份、特征或狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞之后主要是形容詞；某些名詞；個(gè)別副詞補(bǔ)語補(bǔ)充說明賓語或主語在賓語之后；或在被動(dòng)式謂語之后定語修飾和限定名詞或代詞名詞之前，something等代詞之后形容詞狀語修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞，或整個(gè)句子動(dòng)詞前后；形容詞或副詞之前；句首副詞第十四張，PPT共四十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月根據(jù)該詞在句子所作成分確定用哪種形式。

11、具體方法有：技巧1：作表語、定語或補(bǔ)語，通常用形容詞形式。The youngster immediately fell _ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.解析：因在系動(dòng)詞felt后作表語，用形容詞，故填silent。 In a _ (danger) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to解析：在冠詞與名詞之間，要用形容詞，作定語，故填dangerous。 考點(diǎn)分析第十五張，PPT共四十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月Teachers must t

12、ry their best to make most of their students _ (interest) in the subject解析：因所填詞在句中作賓語most of their students的補(bǔ)足語，用形容詞；表示”感興趣的”，填interested?？键c(diǎn)分析第十六張，PPT共四十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月1.In this lecture, I can only give you a purely _ (person) view of how we can live life to the full and make some suggestions about th

13、e future.2.If I find someone who looks like the suspect, my _(immediately) reaction will be to tell the police.personal immediate 鞏固練習(xí)第十七張，PPT共四十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月技巧2：作主語、在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后作賓語，用名詞形式；在形容詞性物主代詞后，或者在”冠詞(+形容詞)”后，用名詞形式。要注意名詞是否用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：考點(diǎn)分析第十八張，PPT共四十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月1. Always read the _ (instruct) on the b

14、ottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.2. On the seven days in a week, Saturday is said to be the most popular _ (choose) for a wedding in some countries.3. We take _ (proud) in the prosperity of our country.instructions choice pride 鞏固練習(xí)第十九張，PPT共四十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月4. the remains date fro

15、m this period because of their _ (similar) to those found elsewhere.5. instructors expect students to be familiar with _ (inform) in the readingsimilarities information 鞏固練習(xí)第二十張，PPT共四十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月技巧3：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞，或整個(gè)句子，作狀語，用副詞形式。如：1Volunteering is becoming _ (increase) popular in China.2 I wasnt bla

16、ming anyone; I _ (mere) said errors like this could be avoided.increasingly merely 考點(diǎn)分析第二十一張，PPT共四十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月3.The island is _ (equal) attractive in spring and autumn because of the pleasant weather in both seasons.4.Do you think shopping online will _ (final) take the place of shopping in stores

17、?equally finally 鞏固練習(xí)第二十二張，PPT共四十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月技巧4：括號(hào)中所給詞有可能是要求詞義轉(zhuǎn)換，詞類不一定要變，主要是考查具有與詞根意義相反的派生詞，需根據(jù)句子意思及前后邏輯關(guān)系，在詞根前加un-, im-等，在詞根后加-less等。如：考點(diǎn)分析第二十三張，PPT共四十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月1. With the time going by, he was increasing concerned that his aim was _ (hope) to achieve.2. _(fortunate), when he hurried to the s

18、tation, he found the train had left five minutes.hopeless Unfortunately 鞏固練習(xí)第二十四張，PPT共四十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月技巧5：括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞也不一定是考動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)或非謂語動(dòng)詞，而是考詞類轉(zhuǎn)換；若是形容詞或副詞，有可能是考查其比較等級(jí)。如：考點(diǎn)分析第二十五張，PPT共四十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月1there was a lot of information about the citys well-known tourist _ (attract) 2 The other frog went on jump

19、ing as hard as he couldHe jumped even _ (hard) and finally made himself out. 3.Mr. Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been _ (popular).more popular attractions harder 鞏固練習(xí)第二十六張，PPT共四十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月4. Storms which produced at least 13 tornadoes swept along New Mexic

20、os border with Texas on Friday, destroying homes and other buildings and injuring at least 16 people, several critically, authorities said. The _ (bad) damage was reported in the towns of Logan and Clovis, which are about 80 miles apart, police said. worst 鞏固練習(xí)第二十七張，PPT共四十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月綜合練習(xí)：根據(jù)以上技巧完成下

21、面的語法填空綜合練習(xí)第二十八張，PPT共四十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月語篇填空：閱讀下列短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性，用括號(hào)中所給詞語的適當(dāng)形式填空。(A) A father sat at his desk looking at and carefully studying his 1_ (month) bills when his young son rushed in and announced, “Dad, because this is your birthday and youre 55 years old, Im going to give you 55 kisses, one fo

22、r each year!” But the father exclaimed, “Oh, Andrew, dont do it now; Im too busy!”monthly 綜合練習(xí)第二十九張，PPT共四十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 The youngster immediately fell 2_ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes. 3_ (apology) the father said, “You can finish later.” The boy said nothing but 4_ (quiet) wal

23、ked away, 5_ (disappoint) written over his face. That evening the father said, “Come and finish the kisses now, Andrew!” But the boy didnt respond. 6_ (fortunate), the boy had an accident and was drowned. His heartbroken father wrote. silent Apologically quietly disappointment Unfortunately 第三十張，PPT

24、共四十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 “If only I could tell him how much I regret my 7_ (thought) words, and could be assured that he knows how much my heart is aching.” Love is a two-way street. Any loving act must be 8_ (warm) accepted or it will be taken as 9_ (reject) and can leave a scar. Nothing is more 10_ (impor

25、tance) than responding with love to the cry for love from those who are near and precious to us. Because. there may be no chance at all as in the case of the little boy.thoughtless warmly rejection important 粗心的相互的第三十一張，PPT共四十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月(B) The Edinburgh International Festival is over fifty years

26、old and has earned its reputation as one of the worlds greatest 1_ (celebrate) of the arts. The 2_ (found) of the Festival believed that the Festival programmes should be of the highest possible artistic standard presented by the best 3_(art) in the world, that the Festival should enliven(使活躍) and 4

27、_(rich) the cultural life of Europe, Britain and Scotland and that it should provide a period of flowering of the human spirit.celebrations founders artists enrich 綜合練習(xí)第三十二張，PPT共四十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 The Edinburgh International Festival has developed 5_(significance) over the years, yet the founders 6_(or

28、igin) intentions are closely reflected in the current aims and objectives.significantly original 第三十三張，PPT共四十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月Each year during the summer months Edinburgh becomes the worlds Festival City. It is the huge range and number of artistic events, 7_(perform) and exhibitions happening throughou

29、t the city which makes Edinburgh 8_(forget). It makes you feel that there is always something else happening around the corner which you are 9_(miss). This is 10_(evitable可以避免的)part of the joy of the Festival. performances unforgettable missing inevitable 第三十四張，PPT共四十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月The _ (die) of comp

30、oser Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart at the age of 35 may have been caused by complications stemming from strep throat, according to a Dutch study published on Monday. Since the _ (compose) death in 1791, there have been _ (vary) theories about the cause of his _ (time) end, from intentional poisoning, to rheumatic fever, to trichinosis, a parasitic disease caused by eating raw or undercooked pork.death composers various untimely (C)第三十五張，PPT共四十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月On his death certificate it was _ (of