兒科英文名解

1、兒科英文名解Classification of Neonate（新生兒分類） Full term infant（足月兒）:Neonate whose gestational age(GA) is between 37 weeks and 42 weeksPreterm infant(早產(chǎn)兒):Neonate whose GA is less than 37 weeksPost-term infant（過(guò)期兒）:Neonate whose GA is more than 42 weeksLow birth weight neonate(LBW)（低出生體重兒）:Neonate whose BW

2、is less than 2500g Very low birth weight neonate(VLBW)（極低出生體重兒）: Neonate whose BW is less than 1500gNormal birth weight neonate（正常體重兒）: Neonate whose BW is between 2500g and 4000gMacrosomia neonate（巨大兒）: Neonate whose BW is over 4000gSmall for gestational age(SGA)（小于胎齡兒）:Infants whose BW are under P

3、10 of the same GA infantsBWAppropriate gestational age(AGA)（適于體重兒）: Infants whose BW are ranging from P10 to P90 of the same GA infantsBWLarge gestational age(LGA)（大于胎齡兒）: Infants whose BW are above P90 of the same GA infantsBWEarly newbore（早期新生兒）:Neoborn less than 1 weekLate newbore（晚期新生兒）:Neoborn

4、aging from 2 weeks to 4 weeks 2.Neutral temperature（中性溫度）:An appropriate environmental temperature which can keep a neoborns normal temperature and can keep the least oygen cousuming,the least metabolism rate ,the least energy evaporated, so is called neutral temperature . 3. Apnea（呼吸暫停）: when asphy

5、xia of fetal or neoborn occurs, the respirate inhabitated and reflexal heart rate decreased because of lack of oxygen ,so is called apnea. 4. Physiological body weight decline（生理性體重下降）: Intate deficiency, fatal stool paused and water losed after birth can make physical body weight decline (3%-9%), a

6、nd it reaches its lowest point in3 or 4 day and returns to its birth weight in 7 to 10 days . 5. Physiological anemia（生理性貧血） : When neonate of 23 months, RBC drops to 110g/L, neonate occurs mild anemia .It will take 3 months to recover . 6. Physiological diarrhea（生理性腹瀉） : Physiological diarrhea usua

7、lly occurs in infants little than 6 months .They appear puffy and often have eczema .Soon after delivery , they may have diarrhea, whose times are increasing .However, there is no other symptoms and the infants have good appetites. Physical diarrhea does not affect the growth. Recent researches foun

8、d that the diarrhea is a particular type of intolerance of lactose. The stool may recover normality after appending the complements. 7. Project Immunity（計(jì)劃免疫） : According to characteristics of childrens immunity and the conditions of communicable diseases ,people had drawn up a kind of immunity prog

9、rams, namely project immunity. People inoculate some organico-product in order to progress the level of immunity , control and eliminate the communicable diseases. 8.Serious Pneumonia（重癥肺炎）:Serious Pneumonia is a kind of pneumonia. Respiratory system together with other systems are invaded,meanwhile

10、,the general toxic symptom is also apparent. 9.The Division of Respiratory tract（上下呼吸道分界）: The respiratory tract is divided into 2 parts,the upper respiratory and the lower respiratory, by the ring-formed gristle. 10.Discrepant Cyanosis（差異性紫紺）: Discrepant Cyanosis occurs in PDA. Because of PDA, the

11、blood moves from the aorta to the pulmonary artery. If this abnormality lasted so long that the pressure of pulmonary is higher than the aorta, there will lead to right-to-left shunts and appear cyanosis in the second half of the body. 11.Colostrum（初乳）: Colostrum is the first milk produced by the da

12、m which contains antibodies (immunoglobulins) which provide crias with immunity (passive immunity). There is no transfer of immunoglobulins across the placenta and neonatal crias are not capable of producing their own antibodies. They must rely on their passive immunity for the first few weeks of li

13、fe. This makes colostrum essential to the health of any cria. A cria who does not receive enough. 12. Eisenmenger syndrome（Eisenmenger 綜合征）: Eisenmenger syndrome occurs in patients with large congenital cardiac or surgically created extracardiac left-to-right shunts. These shunts initially cause inc

14、reased pulmonary blood flow. Subsequently, usually before puberty, pulmonary vascular disease causes pulmonary hypertension, ultimately resulting in reversed or bidirectional shunt flow with variable degrees of cyanosis. 13.Additional nursing（補(bǔ)授法）: When the breast milk is not enough, the baby within

15、 6 months can be feed partly with breast milk and partly with other nutritions each time. 14.Substitutional nursing（代授法）: When the breast milk is enough but the mother cant feed the baby in time, the baby can be feed with other nutritions like milk for some times. 15.Malnutrition（營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良）: It is a dise

16、ase caused by lacking of energy and protein. It often happens to the baby within 3 years old with symptoms of weight-losing, fat-losing, edema and functional disorders. 16. Obesity（肥胖癥）: Obesity is defined as an excessively high amount of body fat or adipose tissue in relation to lean body mass. 17.

17、 Koplik spots（麻疹黏膜斑）: ulcerations on buccal mucosa around Stensen duct; spotty enanthema in oral cavity, may precede rash 18. Harrisons groove（郝氏溝）: The distal end of the ribs are weak and may be depressed by the negative intrathoracic pressure developed during respiration with a resultant semicoron

18、al impression being found at the costal attachment of the diaphragm, leading to the formation of Harrisons groove. 19. Rachitic rosary（佝僂病串珠）: a radiographic appearance of the costochondral junctions of the middle ribs in rickets. This appearance results from the presence of bulky growth plates at t

19、he bone or cartilage junctions. 20. Chvosteks sign（Chvosteks 征）: Chvosteks sign is contraction of the muscles of the eye, mouth or nose, elicited by tapping along the course of the facial nerve. The examiner taps gently over the facial nerve in front of the ear. This is a sign of a latent tetany. 21

20、. Trousseau sign（Trousseau 征）: It is carpal spasm after 5 minutes of inflation of a pressure cuff between the patients systolic pressure and diastolic pressure.This measure assesses nerve irritability and is more specific for tetany of vitamin D deficiency. 22.Severe asthma（重癥哮喘） including acute ser

21、ious asthma attack , lasting status of asthma and deterioration of intractable asthma. 23. Persistant asthma（哮喘持續(xù)狀態(tài)）: It is a condition of severe acute attack of asthma which can not be released by proper drug in 24 hours. 24. Tuberculous infection（結(jié)核感染）: It is an infection of tubercle bacillus. In

22、this condition, the patients test of tuberculin and the test of serum PPD-IgM or IgG antibody are positive. But the tubercle focus can not be found in patients body. 25. Endogenous infection（內(nèi)源性感染）: When the patient eat too much or the components of the food are not balanced ,the process of the dige

23、stion will be slowed down. And the food which can not be fully digested will stay in the upper part of the small intestine. Then the PH of the intestinal carvity will decreased. It leads to a result that the bacteria from the lower part of the intestine will move up and multip;y . The food then will

24、 be ferment and rot by those bacteria. 26 Aschoff body（風(fēng)濕小體） :It is aone of the tiny lumps in heart muscle that are typical of rheumatic heart disease and consist of swollen collagen ,cells and fibrils. 27 Primary complex:（原發(fā)綜合征） It is a combination of primary focus of infection in the lung parenchy

25、ma and caseous involvement of the regional lymph nodes ,usually hilar nodes. 28 Corticoid sensitivity（激素敏感） referring to proteinuria became negative ,edema disappeared within 8 weeks after corticoid therapy., 29 Partial corticoid sensitivity（激素部分敏感） : Edema disappeared within 8 weeks after corticoid

26、 therapy but proteinuria is still + +. 30 Corticoid dependent（激素依賴） : Sensitive to corticoid relieved rapidly after treatment but relapse occurs when the dose reduced or stopped within 2 weeks ,again relieved when resuming full doses or restart treatment and this repeated 2 to 3 times. 31 Corticoid

27、resistant（激素耐藥） : Referring to the protein in the urine is still over + when the treatment has been for full 8 weeks. 32 Relapse（復(fù)發(fā)） and repetition（反復(fù)） : Proteinuria has been become negative and the hormone treatment has stopped for morethan 4 weeds ,again the protein in the urine is over + is calle

28、d relapse ;If the above symptoms during treatment is defined as repetition. Frequent relapse（頻復(fù)發(fā)） and frequent repetition（頻反復(fù)） : Refers to relapse or repetition occurs not less than twice within 6 months. 33 Extra-medulla hemopoiesis（髓外造血） :In order to adapt to the anemia caused by infection or hemo

29、lysis and so on. After birth especially at infant stage , the live is enlarged for regaining the hemopoietic state. In fetal state this may accompanied by splenolymphomegaly ,nucleated red cells and premature neutrophils can be found in peripheral blood . This specific reaction of infants hemopoieti

30、c organs is called extra-medullar hemopoiesis. 34.Physiological hemolysis（生理性溶血）: Fetal is in the environment of low PO2, so the quantity of RBC is large. After birth, PO2 rises. The quantity of RBC is relatively surplus, so many of them are vulnerable to be destroyed. The life of neonatal RBC is sh

31、ort, too. 35 Anemia（貧血） : The numbers of erythrocytes or the concentration of hemoglobin per volume in the tipping circulation is under normal. According to the data from WHO, the lower limit of hemoglobin in 6 months to 6-year old children is 110g/L.6 to 14 years old is 120g/L,the hemoglobin increa

32、ses 4 percent as altitude raises every 1000 meters; lower than these numbers is called anemia .36 Tripod sign（十字架征） : Positive sign is when child sits up ,he has to push the bed behind himself with whose hands to keep his position. 37.Physiological jaundice（生理性黃疸）: Because of the feature of neonatal

33、 bilirubin metabolism ,approximately 50%-60% mature baby and more than 80% premature baby will emerge jaundice within 2 or 3 days after birth and reach the peak at the fourth or the fifty day . If the body is in good heath, jaundice will vanish within 2 weeks in mature baby and prolong to 3 or 4 weeks in premature baby. 38.Pathological jaundice（病理性黃疸）: 1) The jaundice emerges during the 1st 24hours on the new born. 2) The bilirubin