各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)

1、第 頁共8頁各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)一、八大時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：(am/is/are+done)如：Iamaskedtostudyhard.我被請求努力學(xué)習(xí)。Thisshirtiswashedonceaweek.這件T恤一周洗一次。Thesesongsareusuallysungbyboys.這些歌曲通常是男生唱的。一般過去時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：(was/weredone)如：Thesoldierwaskilled,butthetrainwassaved.這位戰(zhàn)士犧牲了，然而列車得救了。Somenoteswerepasseduptothespeaker.有人給講演者遞上來一些

2、紙條。一般將來時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：(shall/willbedone)如：Weshallbeaskedalotofstrangequestions.我們將被問許多怪題。MysonwillbesenttoschoolnextSeptember.來年九月我將送我兒子去讀書。過去將來時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：(should/wouldbedone)如：Thenewswouldbesenttohimassoonasitarrived.消息一到就會轉(zhuǎn)給他的。Hetoldusthatthenewrailwaywouldbebuiltthenextyear.他告訴我新鐵路將在明年修建?，F(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：(ha

3、s/havebeendone)如：Theworkhasjustbeenfinished.工作剛剛結(jié)束。Theoldruleshavebeendoneawaywithbyus.舊規(guī)章已經(jīng)被我們廢除了。過去完成時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：(hadbeendone)如：BylastDecemberthreeshipshadbeenbuiltbythem.到去年十二月底他們已建造了三艘船。100tractorshadbeenproducedbytheendoflastyear.在去年年底前生產(chǎn)了100輛拖拉機?，F(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：(am/is/arebeingdone)如：Thebridgeisbeing

4、repaired.橋梁正在修復(fù)中。Thenewlibraryisbeingbuiltbytheworkers.新的圖書館正在被工人們建設(shè)中。過去進行時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：(was/werebeingdone)如：AmeetingwasbeingheldwhenIwasthere.我在時，會議在開著。Thecollegewasbeingbuiltatthistimelastyear.去年這個時候這所大學(xué)正在建設(shè)中。二、被動語態(tài)的用法：強調(diào)動作的承受者(有時用by短語來強調(diào)動作的執(zhí)行者)：XiaoLiwasmademonitoroftheclass.小李被選為班長。Thisworkmustbedone

5、byyou,andnotbyme.這件工作必須由你做，而不是我來做。2不知道或不必說出動作的執(zhí)行者：Hisbikewasstolenlastnight.他的自行車昨晚被人偷走了。Everyyearalotospeoplearekilledinthetrafficaccidents.每年都有許多人死于交通事故。3為了表示委婉或禮貌，避免提及動作執(zhí)行者或說話者自己：Everybodyisexpectedtoobeythefollowingrules.希望大家遵守以下規(guī)定。YouarefriendlyinvitedtocometoourEnglishpartyat8：00p.m.tomorrow.敬

6、請您明天晚上8：00光臨我們的英語晚會。4動作的執(zhí)行者是無生命的事物：Thehousewasstruckbylightning.那房子被閃電所擊中。Thefamousmuseumwaspracticallyruinedbythebigfire.大火使這家著名的博物館幾乎全部毀壞。5使句子連接自然或更加簡潔、勻稱。TheoldprofessorgavealectureonAmericanhisotryandwaswellreceived.這位老教授作了一個有關(guān)美國歷史的講座，受到大家的熱烈歡迎。Thebookwhichhadbeenlostwasfoundandwasreturnedtothel

7、ibrary.那本丟失的書找到后被還回到圖書館。三、特殊情況下的被動語態(tài)：帶情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)，其形式為：情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞，女如Thismustbekeptinmind.我們必須把這個記在心里。Ioughttobecriticizedforit.我應(yīng)該為此受到批評.帶雙賓語的被動結(jié)構(gòu)，習(xí)慣上把間賓提前，也可把直賓提前，但不要遺漏介詞：IwasgivenatoyatChristmas.或AtoywasgiventomeatChristmas.父親在圣誕節(jié)送我一個玩具。Hewasofferedsomeassistance.或Someassistancewasofferedtohim.他們向

8、他提供一些幫助。帶復(fù)合賓語的被動結(jié)構(gòu)，只將賓語提前，賓補不動（但make,see,hear等賓補省略的to，變被動結(jié)構(gòu)時要加to）。Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.男孩被看到正在吸煙。Theyweremadetoworkdayandnight.他們被迫黑天白天得工作。四、被動語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別：被動語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)都是由“be+過去分詞”來構(gòu)成，其區(qū)別如下：1如果強調(diào)動作或句中有介詞by引導(dǎo)出動作的執(zhí)行者，該句一般為被動語態(tài),否則為系表結(jié)構(gòu)。Theglassisbroken.玻璃杯碎了。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）Theglasswasbrokenbytheboy玻璃杯被那男

9、孩打碎了。（被動語態(tài)）如果句中有地點、頻率或時間狀語時，一般為被動語態(tài)。Thedoorislocked.門鎖上了。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）Thedoorhasalready/justbeenlocked.門已經(jīng)被鎖上了。（被動語態(tài)）被動語態(tài)除用于一般時態(tài)和完成時態(tài)外，還可以用于進行或?qū)頃r態(tài)，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的系動詞be只有一般時態(tài)和完成時態(tài)。Themachineisbeingrepaired.正在修理機器。（被動語態(tài)）Anewschoolwillbebuilthere.將在這里建一所新學(xué)校。（被動語態(tài)）被動語態(tài)練習(xí)題：I.主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)互變：Weshalldiscusstheproblemattomor

10、rowsmeeting.Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.Youcanhandinyourhomeworktomorrow.Thenurseistakingcareofthesickman.Youmustlockthedoorwhenyouleave.6.Iwasmadeanewdressbyaunt./Anewdresswasmadeformebyaunt.Apicturewasboughtforme.Hewasheardtosinginhisroomjustnow.Anewpublicschoolwillbesetuphere.Theboywas

11、caughtsmokingacigarette.用下列動詞的被動語態(tài)形式填空Manytrees（plant）inChinaeveryyear,buttheyarestillnotenough.TheGreatWall（build）thousandsofyearsago.Youhavetobe18yearsoldbeforeyou（allow）todriveacar.Nowmanydifficultanddangerouskindsofwork（cando）byrobotsinfactories.5.Itissaidthatmoregoodteachers(send)totheruralarea

12、sinXinxiangnextyear.Tomakeourcitymorebeautiful,rubbish(mustnotthrow)intotheriver.Theproblem(discuss)atthemeetingnow.Werethesemachines(invent)edbyEdison?English(speak)bymostpeopleintheUSA.Waysalready(find)tomakewastewaterclean.III.單選：HearrivedinBeijing,wherehehisfriend.wasmetbyB.wasmetC.wasmeetingD.m

13、etbyThemistakesintheexerciseswilltheteacher.A.crossB.becrossingC.becrossedbyD.crossbyMysisterandIhaveherbirthdayparty.A.beeninvitedB.beeninvitedforC.invitedtoD.beeninvitedtoItinthisway.A.ishadtodoB.ishadtobedoneC.hadtobedoneD.hastodoMaryrealizedshe.A.wasmakingfunofB.wasmadefunC.wasbeingmadefunofD.wa

14、sbeingmadefunGreatchangesinourprovince.Manytallbuildings.A.havetakenplace,havebeensetuphavebeentakenplace,havebeensetuphavebeentakenplace,havebeensetupweretakenplace,weresetupThenewhallisthetallestbuildinginthistown.fromhere?A.CanitseeB.CanitbeseenC.CanitseenD.Cansee8.Someofthehotelsinmyhometown.A.h

15、avenowbeenrebuildingB.arenowrebuildingC.arenowbeingrebuiltD.arerebuiltnowIpromisethatthematterwill.A.betakencareB.betakencareofC.takecareD.takecareofBobtoamedicalschoolin1990andheadoctorsevenyearslater.A.sent;becomeB.wassent;becameC.sent;wasbecomingD.wassent;hasbecomeBecauseoftherain,thefootballmatc

16、h.A.hasbeenputtingoffB.hasputoffC.putoffD.hasbeenputoffThepolicefoundthatthehouseandalotofthings.A.hasbrokeninto;hasbeenstolenB.hadbrokeninto;hadbeenstolenC.hasbeenbrokeninto;stolenD.hadbeenbrokeninto;stolenHaveyoumovedintothehouse?Notyet.Therooms.A.arebeingpaintedB.arepaintingC.arepaintedD.arebeing

17、paintingThecomputer,boughtinthenewshopyesterday,willbesenttoyouasapresent.A.thatwasB.whichisC.whichwasD.thathasbeenIneedonemorestamp,beforemycollection.A.hascomletedB.comletesC.hasbeencomletedD.iscomletedthesportsmeetmightbeputoff.Yes,italldependontheweather.A.IvebeentoldB.IvetoldC.ImtoldD.ItoldFlow

18、ersmustwelleveryday.A.bewateredB.waterC.wateredD.bewater18.Thevegetablesdidnttasteverygood.Theytoolong.A.hadbeencookedB.werecookedC.havecookedD.cookedWiththedevelopmentofscience,morenewtechnologytothefieldofIT.A.hasintroducedB.isbeingintroducedC.isintroducedD.wasintroducedWhenandwheretogofortheon-sa

19、laryholidayyet.A.arenotdecidedB.havenotbeendecidedC.isnotbeingdecidedD.hasnotbeendecided一般將來時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)一、一般將來時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成：1一般將來時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的肯定式為：shall/will+be+done。（shall用于第一人稱；will用于各種人稱）女口：Weshallbepunishedifwebreaktherule.如果我們違反規(guī)定，我們將要受到懲罰。ThenewfilmwillbeshownnextThursday.這部新電影將在下周四上映。般將來時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的否定式為：

20、shall/will+not+be+done（可縮寫成shant或wont）如：Themeetingwontbeheldtomorrow.明天不再舉行會議。Theexhibitionwontbeputofftillnextweek.展覽會將不會推遲到下周。一般將來時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的一般疑問句需將shall/will提到主語的前面。（回答用yes或no）如：Wontwaterbeturnedintoice,ititisbelwofreezing?如果氣溫在冰點之下，水難道不會變成冰嗎？Willtheworkbefinishedatonce?Yes,itwill這項工作會立刻被完成嗎？是的，立刻就完

21、成。4一般將來時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的特殊疑問句為：疑問詞+shall/will+S+be+done。如：Whenwillthesebooksbepublished?這些書將在什么時候被出版？Whomwillthisbookbewrittenby?誰來寫這本書？二、一般將來時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的其他結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成：1begoingtobedoneSomeoldbuildingsaregoingtobeputdown.一些舊的樓房將被推倒。Theproblemisntgoingtobediscussedatthemeetingtomorrow.這個問題將不在明天的會議上被討論。Arethesetreesgoingt

22、obecutdown？Yes，theyare.這些樹將被砍倒嗎？是的，將被砍倒2betobedoneThesportsmeetistobeheldonApril10.運動會將于四月十日舉行。Themachinesarenottoberepairedtonight.今晚將不會修理這些機器。Arenewtextbookstobepublishednextweek？No,theyarent.新教科書將在下周出版嗎？不，不是。三、一般將來時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的用法：1一般將來時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的同它的主動語態(tài)一樣，強調(diào)表示根據(jù)計劃或安排將要發(fā)生的被動性動作。ThenewfilmwillbeshownnextTh

23、ursday.這部新電影將在下周四上映。AlotofathleteswillbeinvitedtoBeijing.好多運動員將被邀請到北京來。2在時間、條件狀語從句中，常用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)代替一般將來時的被動語態(tài)。如：Whenthedamiscompleted,theChangjiangRiverwillbecontrolled.當大壩竣工時，長江將得到控制。IfIamgivenenoughtime,IwillgotoJapanformyholiday.如果我有足夠的時間，我將去日本度假。3表示有固定性條件就有規(guī)律性被動結(jié)果。如：Heatedto100c,waterwillbeturned

24、intosteam加熱到100度時，水將會變成蒸氣。Ifyouspeakinclass,youwillbepunished.如果你在課堂上講話，你將會被懲罰。I.單選：Thesefilmsuntiltomorrowmorning.A.cantdevelopB.arentdevelopingC.wontbedevelopedD.wontdevelopHundredsofjobsifthefactorycloses.A.loseB.willbelostC.arelostD.willloseApartyisgoingtotonight.Wouldyouliketogowithme?Idliketo,

25、butIhavetolookaftermysickmother.A.organizeB.havebeenorganizedC.beorganizingD.beorganizedThewaterwillbefurtherpollutedunlesssomemeasures.A.willbetakenB.aretakenC.weretakenD.hadbeentaken5.Ifitdoesntraintomorrow,thesportsmeetintheplaygroundofourschool.A.isholdingB.willholdC.willbeheldD.istobeholding6.Theprobleminthecomingmeeting.A.isdiscussedB.