高中英語必修二 Section Ⅳ Discovering Useful Structures-現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動語態(tài)

1、Section Discovering Useful Structures現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動語態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是一種現(xiàn)在的時(shí)態(tài)。它可表現(xiàn)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主動語態(tài)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動語態(tài)兩種形式。一、概念合作探究There are countless articles telling us how the Internet has made our lives more convenient.有無數(shù)的文章告訴我們互聯(lián)網(wǎng)如何使我們的生活更方便了。Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web.關(guān)于萬維網(wǎng)的奇跡已經(jīng)寫了很多。自主發(fā)現(xiàn)1

2、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成或者仍將持續(xù)下去。它強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果或影響。它有主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)兩種形式。二、構(gòu)成合作探究I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前為止我沒有他的任何消息。I havent seen him recently.我已經(jīng)很久沒有看到他了。The experiment has been done successfully.這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)做得很成功。The blackboard has not been cleaned yet.還沒有擦黑板。自主發(fā)現(xiàn)2(1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主動語態(tài)：has/have_don

3、e (肯定式); has/have not done(否定式)(2)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動語態(tài)：has/have_been_done (肯定式); has/have_not_been_done(否定式)三、基本用法1.完成用法合作探究He has turned off the light.他已把燈關(guān)了。He has already obtained a scholarship.他已經(jīng)獲得了一份獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。This book has been translated into many languages.這本書已被譯成多國語言。These flowers have been watered，so you

4、can go home.這些花已經(jīng)澆水了，所以你可以回家了。自主發(fā)現(xiàn)3(1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的“完成用法”是指發(fā)生在過去的動作到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)結(jié)束，并且對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了影響，與現(xiàn)在有因果關(guān)系。其特點(diǎn)是動作已經(jīng)結(jié)束，不再延續(xù)。(2)該時(shí)態(tài)常與already, yet, before, recently, never, this morning等時(shí)間狀語連用。2.未完成用法合作探究He has lived here since 1978.自從1978年以來，他一直住在這兒。This machine has been repaired for two hours.這臺機(jī)器已經(jīng)修理了兩個(gè)小時(shí)了。The child

5、 has been taken care of by grandma all these years.這些年來，孩子一直由奶奶照看。自主發(fā)現(xiàn)4(1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的“未完成用法”指的是過去發(fā)生的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并有可能還要繼續(xù)下去。該動作雖然對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了影響，但可能并未/沒有結(jié)束。(2) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的“未完成用法”經(jīng)常與for/since時(shí)間點(diǎn)， in the last/over時(shí)間段， all these years等表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用。四、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換合作探究We have bought a new house recently.A new house has

6、 been bought recently by us.They have just cleaned and repaired the watch.The watch has just been cleaned and repaired (by them).自主發(fā)現(xiàn)5現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主動語態(tài)在變成被動語態(tài)時(shí)，要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：(1)把主動語態(tài)中的賓語變成被動語態(tài)的主語，助動詞has或have要與被動語態(tài)的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，且要在助動詞后加上been。(2)主動語態(tài)的主語在變成被動語態(tài)時(shí)一般用by引出，有時(shí)可以省略。鞏固內(nèi)化1指出下列時(shí)態(tài)是主動語態(tài)還是被動語態(tài)Much useful infor

7、mation about these planets has been collected since 1971.被動語態(tài)I havent repaired my computer.主動語態(tài)鞏固內(nèi)化2單句語法填空He has_taught (teach) English since he came to the Junior High School.Much parking space in this city has_been_saved (save) by using small cars.鞏固內(nèi)化3補(bǔ)全句子You can see the house has_not_been_painte

8、d_for_many_years (多年未上漆).My homework hasnt_been_finished (還沒有寫完) yet.My parents have_lived (已經(jīng)住了) in Shandong for ten years.Big_progress_has_been_made (取得了很大進(jìn)展) in cultural and educational fields.鞏固內(nèi)化4把下列變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)He hasnt removed the ink from his clothes.The_ink_hasnt_been_removed_from_his_clothes.We h

9、ave already told the good news to the children.The_children_have_already_been_told_the_good_news_by_us.My mother has given me a new shirt.I_have_been_given_a_new_shirt_by_my_mother.A_new_shirt_has_been_given_to_me_by_my_mother.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Tom has_had (have) the new phone for two weeks.2.The experim

10、ent has_not_been_done (not do) successfully.3.How many stories have_been_told (tell) by the elderly woman?4.Computers have_been_used(use) in offices and homes since 1970s.5.In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat has_been_cut (cut).把下列句子變成被動語態(tài)1.They have

11、put the computer into a robot.The_computer_has_been_put_into_a_robot_by_them.2.He has given the child some interesting books.The_child_has_been_given_some_interesting_books_by_him.Some_interesting_books_have_been_given_to_the_child_by_him.3.They have discussed the problem for nearly two weeks.The_pr

12、oblem_has_been_discussed_for_nearly_two_weeks_by_them.4.Has he repaired his bike?Has_his_bike_been_repaired?5.Who has Mary invited to her birthday?Who_has_been_invited_to_Marys_birthday?.用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的知識完成下列語段In our community, there is a large activity room.For the past few years, our community 1.has_hosted_more_than_ten_meetings(舉行了10多場會議) there.Since 2018, five computers 2.have_been_fixed (已被安裝) there for the residents.Today, the residents lives 3.have_been_greatly_changed (被大大地改變了) by these computers, because some residents 4.h