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1、施工工藝標(biāo)準(zhǔn)匯編預(yù)制外墻板構(gòu)造防水施工工藝標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(4291996) 范圍 本工藝標(biāo)準(zhǔn)適用于預(yù)制外墻板空腔構(gòu)造防水施工工藝。 施工準(zhǔn)備 2。1 材料及主要機(jī)具: 2.1.1 普通型自發(fā)性聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料(簡稱聚苯板),厚15,20mm. 2。1。2 聚氯乙烯軟型塑料板,厚度1。5,2mm。 2。1。3 聚氯乙烯軟型塑料管,20mm。 2。1。4 建筑石油瀝青,30號甲或30號乙,或選用普通五油瀝青,75號或65號. 2.1.5 冷底子油,或3%甲基硅酸鈉(有機(jī)硅)。 2.1.6 聚乙烯酸縮甲醛(107膠)。 2.1.7 350號石油瀝青紙?zhí)ビ蜌帧?2.1。8 聚醋酸乙烯酯(乳液). 2。1。9 水
2、泥:325號普通硅酸鹽水泥或礦渣硅酸鹽水泥。 2.1。10 中砂:含泥量不大于3. 2。1.11 防水油膏。(膠泥):有建筑油膏、聚氯乙烯膠泥、雙組份聚氨酯嵌縫膠泥、氯磺化聚乙烯密封膏等。根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)要求選用。 2。1。12 防水涂料:有氯丁膠乳瀝青涂料、聚氯乙烯涂料、聚氨酯涂料等,根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)選用. 2。1.13 魚油或光油等. 注:以上材料質(zhì)量與性能必須符合設(shè)計(jì)要求。 2.1.14 主要機(jī)具:手鋸、裁刀、剪刀、直尺、刮刀、電阻絲切割器、電爐、熬瀝青桶、淋水花管、膠皮管子。 2.2 作業(yè)條件: 2。2.1 裁保溫條:用電阻絲切割器將聚苯板裁成條,條寬視設(shè)計(jì)圖紙的外墻構(gòu)造而定,寬度適宜,長度比外墻板空
3、腔防水槽長出50mm。如聚苯板長度不夠,可用牛皮紙涂乳膠將聚苯板接長。 2.2.2 裁油氈條:用鋸將油氈裁成條,長寬與聚苯板相同。 2。2。3 油氈防水保溫條:用電爐或火將瀝青熬化(熬制溫度不宜過高,以不燙壞聚苯板為宜),用熱瀝青將油氈條與聚苯條粘牢壓緊。 2。2.4 裁塑料防水條:將聚氯乙烯塑料板裁成條。長度和寬度必須和墻縫寬度相適應(yīng),其寬度為立縫寬加25mm,高度為層高加100,150mm,以便封閉空腔上口,下端剪成圓弧形缺口,以便安排水孔. 2.2.5 塑料排水管:將聚乙烯塑料管截成60mm長的小段,一端削成尖狀備用,見圖443。 be the order of installation
4、。 (3) the pipeline installation, the hose should be checked, mirror and lens pad out of the metal seal of light, without any scratches, pits, rust。 Low pressure pipe flange sealing and gasket shall not affect seal performance defects such as scratches, spots。 (4) highstrength bolts should be cleaned
5、, Visual inspection no defects, and coated with molybdenum disulfide to protect. (5) high pressure flange and pipe ends threaded connections, pipethread chamfer should be exposed, pad of the lens. (6) should be accurately into the flange sealing surfaces, a pair of flange connections should be kept
6、parallel to each other, the deviation shall not be greater than the flange outer diameter of 1.5 and less than 2mm, not use stronger bolts deskewing method. (7) the flange connection should be maintained and pipes concentric, and should ensure that the bolts free to put them in。 (8) the high voltage
7、 end threads of the pipe should be cleaned, the surface shall not be defective。 (9) flange connections bolts should use the same specifications, installation should be consistent, when fastening bolts symmetrically even。 Elastic moderate, after fastening bolts and nuts should be flush。 High-temperat
8、ure piping hot tight the bolts should also, tight hot working temperature should be maintained after 2 hours. (10) pipeline installation allows deviation meet following provides: project allows deviation coordinates overhead and the trench indoor 15 Outdoor Indoor 25 elevation overhead and the trenc
9、h outdoor ? 15 2L maximum 50 ? 20 level pipeline straight degrees DN ? 100 3L maximum 80 DN , 100 3L maximum 80 State tube lead vertical degrees 5L maximum 30 into row pipeline spacing 15 20 (11) pipeline connection Shi, shall not strong counterpart, added partial pad or added multilayer pad of Meth
10、od to eliminate the interface port space, skewed, not one after the HiLo and other defects. 圖443 2。2.6 檢查外墻板防水構(gòu)造的尺寸及形狀是否完整,如有損壞、堵塞、蜂窩麻面等缺陷,應(yīng)認(rèn)真進(jìn)行修補(bǔ)。 2.2。7 將外墻板的立槽和空腔刷防水涂料。用冷底于油或3的甲基硅酸鈉溶液涂料涂刷. 2.2。8 當(dāng)?shù)叵率覟楝F(xiàn)澆鋼筋混凝土而首層以上為預(yù)制外墻板時,首層應(yīng)按圖紙現(xiàn)制通長整體混凝土檔水臺,外側(cè)做排水坡。應(yīng)在基礎(chǔ)或地下室圈梁中預(yù)留插筋,配縱向鋼筋,支模后澆豆石混凝土,待混凝土強(qiáng)度達(dá)5MPa后,方準(zhǔn)安裝首層外
11、墻板,見圖444。 操作工藝 3.1 工藝流程: 做立縫防水?做平縫防水?做十字縫防水 ?其他部位防水?淋水試驗(yàn) 3.2 做立縫防水: 3。2.1 插油氈防水保溫條:當(dāng)外墻板安裝就位妥當(dāng)后,立即將鍵槽鋼筋焊接完畢,在外墻節(jié)點(diǎn)(組合柱)鋼筋綁扎前,將油氈防水保溫條嵌插到底,周邊嚴(yán)密,不得鼓出崩裂,也不得分段接插.油氈防水保溫條的寬度應(yīng)適宜,防止?jié)仓w混凝土?xí)r。堵塞空腔。 3。2。2 插放塑料防水條:插放時要按實(shí)際寬度選用合適尺寸的防水條,防止過寬、過窄、脫槽、卷曲滑脫,如有上述現(xiàn)象應(yīng)立即更換.防水條的上部與檔水臺交接要嚴(yán)密,下部插到排水斜坡上,以便封閉空腔防水,防止雜物掉入空腔內(nèi).施工時防水條
12、必須隨層同步從上往下插入空腔內(nèi),嚴(yán)禁從外墻立面向后塞。在嵌插防水條前,要檢查立縫空腔后的油氈防水保溫條是否有破損,應(yīng)及時修補(bǔ);將澆筑組合柱時灑出的灰漿石子等雜物清理干凈,如立縫過窄無法清理時,此縫不能再做構(gòu)造防水,應(yīng)進(jìn)行處理后用防水油膏嵌實(shí)填滿,改做材料防水。塑料防水條本身具有彈性,便于彎曲嵌插,而且作為勾縫灰漿的底模,所以用砂漿勾縫時,用力不宜過大,以防止防水條脫槽造成空腔堵塞。 3。3 做平縫防水: 3.3.1 平縫的防水效果主要取決于外墻板的安裝質(zhì)量。因此,外墻板就位后要達(dá)到上下兩板垂直平整,墊塊高度合適。做好被水、擋水臺的保護(hù),保證平腔完整、平直和暢通。將平腔內(nèi)塞入油氈卷后,外面再勾上
13、水泥砂漿。油氈卷作為勾縫砂漿的底模,勾縫時用力要均勻,不宜過大,防止將油氈推到里面去堵塞空腔。平縫防水做法見圖446。 3.3.2 當(dāng)披水與擋水臺于碰或之間用漏漿堵塞嚴(yán)無法剔去時,此種縫應(yīng)全部內(nèi)填防水油膏或膠泥,外勾水泥砂漿。當(dāng)平縫過寬或被水損壞,被水向里錯臺過大時,要在縫內(nèi)先塞“6”字或“8”字型油氈卷,外勾水泥砂漿。見圖4-47。 3。4 做十字縫防水:在勾立縫、水平縫砂漿之前將半圓型塑料排水管插入十字縫內(nèi),可伸出墻皮15mm,并向下傾斜。施工前應(yīng)檢查立縫上端塑料條與擋水臺接觸是否嚴(yán)密,高度及卷翻是否合適,如有縫隙必須用油膏密封。下層塑料be the order of installati
14、on. (3) the pipeline installation, the hose should be checked, mirror and lens pad out of the metal seal of light, without any scratches, pits, rust. Low pressure pipe flange sealing and gasket shall not affect seal performance defects such as scratches, spots。 (4) high-strength bolts should be clea
15、ned, Visual inspection no defects, and coated with molybdenum disulfide to protect。 (5) high pressure flange and pipe ends threaded connections, pipe-thread chamfer should be exposed, pad of the lens。 (6) should be accurately into the flange sealing surfaces, a pair of flange connections should be k
16、ept parallel to each other, the deviation shall not be greater than the flange outer diameter of 1.5% and less than 2mm, not use stronger bolts deskewing method。 (7) the flange connection should be maintained and pipes concentric, and should ensure that the bolts free to put them in。 (8) the high vo
17、ltage end threads of the pipe should be cleaned, the surface shall not be defective。 (9) flange connections bolts should use the same specifications, installation should be consistent, when fastening bolts symmetrically even。 Elastic moderate, after fastening bolts and nuts should be flush. High-tem
18、perature piping hot tight the bolts should also, tight hot working temperature should be maintained after 2 hours. (10) pipeline installation allows deviation meet following provides: project allows deviation coordinates overhead and the trench indoor 15 Outdoor Indoor 25 elevation overhead and the
19、trench outdoor ? 15 2L maximum 50 ? 20 level pipeline straight degrees DN ? 100 3L maximum 80 DN , 100 3L maximum 80 State tube lead vertical degrees 5L maximum 30 into row pipeline spacing 15 20 (11) pipeline connection Shi, shall not strong counterpart, added partial pad or added multilayer pad of
20、 Method to eliminate the interface port space, skewed, not one after the HiLo and other defects。 條的上端應(yīng)塞在立墻后側(cè),封嚴(yán)上口,上層塑料條下端插到下層外墻板的排水坡上。十字縫防水做法如圖448. 3.5 其他部位的材料防水: 3。5。1 陽臺(包括反槽陽臺、平板陽臺)防水:陽臺的上、下側(cè)立縫必須用油膏嵌縫,外勾砂漿保護(hù),下縫嵌油膏的長度兩端各不少于30cm,上縫如遇瞎縫時,要剔出20mm20mm縫隙,清理干凈,涂刷冷底子油后,再嵌入油膏,側(cè)立縫與上層墻板空腔立縫交接處應(yīng)通長嵌入油膏,做好排水坡,
21、留排水管。相鄰兩塊陽臺板間縫上下都要勾縫,中間用油膏嵌填密實(shí)。 3.5。2 雨罩、遮陽板防水做法參照陽臺防水。 3。5。3 女兒墻防水:當(dāng)采用構(gòu)造防水時,要與外墻板平縫、立縫做法相同,內(nèi)側(cè)立縫應(yīng)嵌防水油膏。當(dāng)采用材料防水時,必須使平縫、外立縫、頂縫、內(nèi)立縫交圈密封,內(nèi)立縫嵌油膏應(yīng)與屋頂油氈防水搭接。女兒墻頂部做豆石混凝土壓頂并做泛水(向內(nèi)做泛水)。 3。5。4 各種穿墻管洞必須按設(shè)計(jì)要求嵌填油膏。在平、立縫遇有穿墻管洞時,必須整條嵌填油膏.在結(jié)構(gòu)施工時,為掛外架子在墻上留的洞,應(yīng)當(dāng)用防水砂漿堵塞,在距表面2cm處嵌塞防水砂漿,外面再用砂漿找平。 3。6 外墻勾縫后,應(yīng)涂刷防水涂料兩道,厚度應(yīng)不
22、小于1。5mm,防止因砂漿收縮產(chǎn)生裂縫滲水。 3.7 油膏嵌縫施工時應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn): 3.7.1 嵌縫部位的基層表面,必須平整、堅(jiān)實(shí)、干燥,并應(yīng)將縫內(nèi)接觸面的塵土、雜物清理干凈,然后刷冷底子油一道,按油膏?汽油=3?7配制成冷底子油,待其干燥后進(jìn)行嵌縫處理. 3.7。2 嵌縫時將現(xiàn)成的油膏搓成20mm直徑的條狀塞入縫內(nèi),再用溜子壓實(shí),或用嵌縫槍擠嵌在縫內(nèi);如氣溫低油膏發(fā)硬,可將油膏適當(dāng)加熱進(jìn)行軟化(烘烤溫度在60?以下),用刮刀填入縫內(nèi)壓實(shí). 3。7.3 嵌縫油膏必須逐段壓實(shí),使其粘結(jié)牢固,不得有斷裂。剝落、開口、下垂等現(xiàn)象;油膏嵌后,表面涂刷冷底子油一道,將油膏兩邊縫涂嚴(yán),再用溜子壓平、壓實(shí)
23、。為了防止粘手,施工時可在手上、溜子上抹少量魚油或光油,不得用機(jī)油,以免粘結(jié)不牢造成縫處滲水. 3。8 淋水試驗(yàn):淋水試驗(yàn)是外墻板防水施工最后一道工序,在空腔防水全部做完后,未進(jìn)行外裝修之前,必須認(rèn)真進(jìn)行淋水試驗(yàn),并做出試水記錄. 質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 4.1 保證項(xiàng)目: 4。1.1 用于防水的各種材料的質(zhì)量、技術(shù)性能,必須符合設(shè)計(jì)要求和施工規(guī)范的規(guī)定;必須有使用說明書和質(zhì)量認(rèn)證文件。并有“準(zhǔn)用證,使用前做復(fù)試。 4.1.2 外墻板、女兒墻板防水構(gòu)造必須完整,型號、尺寸和形狀必須符合設(shè)計(jì)要求和有關(guān)規(guī)定,構(gòu)件還應(yīng)有出廠合格證. 4。1。3 外墻板、陽臺、雨罩、女兒墻板等安裝就位后,其標(biāo)高,板縫寬度、坐漿厚度
24、應(yīng)符合設(shè)計(jì)要求和施工規(guī)范的規(guī)定。 be the order of installation。 (3) the pipeline installation, the hose should be checked, mirror and lens pad out of the metal seal of light, without any scratches, pits, rust。 Low pressure pipe flange sealing and gasket shall not affect seal performance defects such as scratches, sp
25、ots. (4) highstrength bolts should be cleaned, Visual inspection no defects, and coated with molybdenum disulfide to protect. (5) high pressure flange and pipe ends threaded connections, pipethread chamfer should be exposed, pad of the lens。 (6) should be accurately into the flange sealing surfaces,
26、 a pair of flange connections should be kept parallel to each other, the deviation shall not be greater than the flange outer diameter of 1.5 and less than 2mm, not use stronger bolts deskewing method. (7) the flange connection should be maintained and pipes concentric, and should ensure that the bo
27、lts free to put them in。 (8) the high voltage end threads of the pipe should be cleaned, the surface shall not be defective. (9) flange connections bolts should use the same specifications, installation should be consistent, when fastening bolts symmetrically even. Elastic moderate, after fastening
28、bolts and nuts should be flush. Hightemperature piping hot tight the bolts should also, tight hot working temperature should be maintained after 2 hours. (10) pipeline installation allows deviation meet following provides: project allows deviation coordinates overhead and the trench indoor 15 Outdoo
29、r Indoor 25 elevation overhead and the trench outdoor ? 15 2L maximum 50 ? 20 level pipeline straight degrees DN ? 100 3L maximum 80 DN , 100 3L maximum 80 State tube lead vertical degrees 5L maximum 30 into row pipeline spacing 15 20 (11) pipeline connection Shi, shall not strong counterpart, added
30、 partial pad or added multilayer pad of Method to eliminate the interface port space, skewed, not one after the Hi-Lo and other defects。 4.1.4 油膏嵌縫必須嚴(yán)密,粘結(jié)牢固,無開裂,板縫兩側(cè)覆蓋寬度超出各不小于20mm。 4。1。5 防水涂料必須平整、均勻,無脫落、起殼、裂縫、鼓泡等缺陷。 4。2 基本項(xiàng)目: 4.2.1 外墻板、陽臺板、雨罩板、女兒墻板等接縫防水施工完成后,要進(jìn)行立縫、平縫、十字縫的淋水試驗(yàn)檢查。 4。2。2 對淋水試驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)的問題,要查明
31、滲漏原因,及時修理,修后繼續(xù)做淋水試驗(yàn),直到不再發(fā)生滲漏水時,方可進(jìn)行外飾面施工。 4。2。3 對滲漏點(diǎn)的部位及修理情況應(yīng)認(rèn)真做記錄,標(biāo)明具體位置,作為技術(shù)資料列入技術(shù)檔案備查。 4。2.4 嵌縫油膏表面平整密實(shí),冷底子油要均勻,嵌縫的保護(hù)層粘結(jié)牢固,覆蓋嚴(yán)密。 成品保護(hù) 5。1 填塞嵌縫膏及涂刷防水涂料時,不得污染墻面及門窗等處。 5。2 修補(bǔ)滲漏點(diǎn)處時,應(yīng)注意保護(hù)已做好的墻面、陽臺、雨罩等處的裝飾面層。 應(yīng)注意的質(zhì)量問題 6。1 外墻板安裝偏差大:板底墊灰過多,會使被水超高,造成平腔敞口;板底墊灰太少,造成下縫于碰,無空腔排水:板底墊灰不平,產(chǎn)生平腔一端積水排水不暢,并會造成立縫上卜寬度不
32、等,保溫條、防水條施工困難;吊裝外墻板時,上下兩塊不在一個水平面上,披水及擋水臺干碰,造成毛細(xì)管吸水滲入室內(nèi);板本身幾何尺寸不規(guī)格,有誤差,也會產(chǎn)生上述現(xiàn)象.所以,空腔防水與外墻板安裝質(zhì)量關(guān)系密切。 6.2 滲漏水: 6.2.1 塑料管脫落、卷曲、歪斜、過軟,勾縫后不能形成立縫空腔,造成滲漏水。 6。2.2 塑條上端與擋水臺沒有封口,下端沒有放在板的排水坡上;立縫、平縫內(nèi)的漏灰等雜物沒有清理干凈;墻板缺損沒有修補(bǔ)好或修補(bǔ)方法不正確,造成滲漏. 6.2。3 立縫、平縫勾縫用力過大,將立縫塑料條擠壓變形或與防水保溫條靠貼,使立墻排水不良;或?qū)⑵角恢兴钣蜌謼l卷擠壓向后靠貼擋水臺堵塞平腔,造成滲漏.
33、 6。2.4 陽臺、雨罩、女兒墻等處做材料防水部位,施工質(zhì)量不符合要求,產(chǎn)生滲漏水。 質(zhì)量記錄 本工藝標(biāo)準(zhǔn)應(yīng)合備以下質(zhì)量記錄: 7.1 構(gòu)件出廠合格證。 be the order of installation。 (3) the pipeline installation, the hose should be checked, mirror and lens pad out of the metal seal of light, without any scratches, pits, rust. Low pressure pipe flange sealing and gasket sha
34、ll not affect seal performance defects such as scratches, spots. (4) highstrength bolts should be cleaned, Visual inspection no defects, and coated with molybdenum disulfide to protect。 (5) high pressure flange and pipe ends threaded connections, pipethread chamfer should be exposed, pad of the lens
35、。 (6) should be accurately into the flange sealing surfaces, a pair of flange connections should be kept parallel to each other, the deviation shall not be greater than the flange outer diameter of 1.5% and less than 2mm, not use stronger bolts deskewing method。 (7) the flange connection should be m
36、aintained and pipes concentric, and should ensure that the bolts free to put them in. (8) the high voltage end threads of the pipe should be cleaned, the surface shall not be defective. (9) flange connections bolts should use the same specifications, installation should be consistent, when fastening
37、 bolts symmetrically even. Elastic moderate, after fastening bolts and nuts should be flush。 High-temperature piping hot tight the bolts should also, tight hot working temperature should be maintained after 2 hours。 (10) pipeline installation allows deviation meet following provides: project allows
38、deviation coordinates overhead and the trench indoor 15 Outdoor Indoor 25 elevation overhead and the trench outdoor ? 15 2L maximum 50 ? 20 level pipeline straight degrees DN ? 100 3L maximum 80 DN , 100 3L maximum 80 State tube lead vertical degrees 5L maximum 30 into row pipeline spacing 15 20 (11
39、) pipeline connection Shi, shall not strong counterpart, added partial pad or added multilayer pad of Method to eliminate the interface port space, skewed, not one after the HiLo and other defects. 7。2 防水材料應(yīng)有出廠證明書,使用說明書,抽樣檢驗(yàn)報(bào)告,準(zhǔn)用證及防偽標(biāo)志. 7.3 外墻板淋水試驗(yàn)記錄. 7。4 隱蔽檢查記錄。 be the order of installation。 (3) th
40、e pipeline installation, the hose should be checked, mirror and lens pad out of the metal seal of light, without any scratches, pits, rust。 Low pressure pipe flange sealing and gasket shall not affect seal performance defects such as scratches, spots。 (4) high-strength bolts should be cleaned, Visua
41、l inspection no defects, and coated with molybdenum disulfide to protect. (5) high pressure flange and pipe ends threaded connections, pipe-thread chamfer should be exposed, pad of the lens。 (6) should be accurately into the flange sealing surfaces, a pair of flange connections should be kept parall
42、el to each other, the deviation shall not be greater than the flange outer diameter of 1.5 and less than 2mm, not use stronger bolts deskewing method。 (7) the flange connection should be maintained and pipes concentric, and should ensure that the bolts free to put them in. (8) the high voltage end t
43、hreads of the pipe should be cleaned, the surface shall not be defective. (9) flange connections bolts should use the same specifications, installation should be consistent, when fastening bolts symmetrically even。 Elastic moderate, after fastening bolts and nuts should be flush. Hightemperature pip
44、ing hot tight the bolts should also, tight hot working temperature should be maintained after 2 hours. (10) pipeline installation allows deviation meet following provides: project allows deviation coordinates overhead and the trench indoor 15 Outdoor Indoor 25 elevation overhead and the trench outdo
45、or ? 15 2L maximum 50 ? 20 level pipeline straight degrees DN ? 100 3L maximum 80 DN , 100 3L maximum 80 State tube lead vertical degrees 5L maximum 30 into row pipeline spacing 15 20 (11) pipeline connection Shi, shall not strong counterpart, added partial pad or added multilayer pad of Method to e
46、liminate the interface port space, skewed, not one after the Hi-Lo and other defects。 be the order of installation. (3) the pipeline installation, the hose should be checked, mirror and lens pad out of the metal seal of light, without any scratches, pits, rust。 Low pressure pipe flange sealing and gasket shall not affect seal performance defects such as scratches, spots. (4) highstrength bolts should be cleaned, Visual inspection no defects, and coate
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