脊柱解剖教學課件

1、 脊 柱Vertebral column基礎醫(yī)學院人體解剖教研室 The vertebral column脊柱 consists of 24 vertebrae, the sacrum, and the coccyx. 一、Vertebrae 椎骨There are 33 vertebrae in children, arranged as follows:Cervical vertebrae 頸椎 C.7Thoracic vertebrae 胸椎 T.12Lumbar vertebrae 腰椎 L.5Sacral vertebrae 骶椎 S.5 sacrum 骶骨Coccygeal ver

2、tebrae 尾椎 Co.34 coccyx尾骨General features of vertebraeVertebral body 椎體Vertebral arch 椎弓pedicle of vertebral arch 椎弓根: sup. and inf. Vertebral notch 椎上、下切跡 lamina of vertebral arch 椎弓板process (7): spinous process 棘突transverse process 橫突sup. and inf. articular processes 上、下關節(jié)突Vertebral foramen 椎孔 Vert

3、ebral canal 椎管Intervertebral foramen 椎間孔Regional variations of vertebraeCervical vertebraeVertebrae Body: small Vertebral foramen: larger and triangularSpinous processes: short and bifid in C3 to C5, long in C6,and longer in C7Transverse processes: short and bifid, transverse foramen橫突孔Articular pro

4、cesses: horizontal Atypical vertebeaeAtlas寰椎 (C1) Body and spinous process absent, consists of anterior and posterior arches, and two lateral massesGroove for vertebral artery 椎動脈溝Axis樞椎 (C2): distinguished by dens齒突 which articulates with dental fovea of anterior arch of atlasLumbar vertebrae Verte

5、brae Body： larger, kidney-shape Vertebral foramen: larger and triangular Spinous processes: projects horizontally Transverse processes: long Articular processes: sagittal Sacrum Anterior surface: promontory岬, anterior sacral foramina 骶前孔(four pairs) Posterior surface: median sacral crest 骶正中嵴, poste

6、rior sacral foramina (four pairs), sacral hiatus骶管裂孔，sacral cornu 骶角Lateral part: auricular surface耳狀面, sacral tuberosity骶粗隆二、Articulations of Vertebrae 椎骨的連結Joints of the vertebral bodiesJoints of the vertebral arches 2.Joints of the vertebral arches 椎弓間的連結Ligamenta flava 黃韌帶 elastic ligament, unit

7、e laminae of adjacent vertebrae, and complete the posterior wall of vertebral canal; tend to prevent hyperflexion of the vertebral columnInterspinal ligament 棘間韌帶Supraspinal ligament 棘上韌帶Ligamentum nuchae項韌帶 Intertansverse ligament橫突間韌帶 Zygapophysial joint 關節(jié)突關節(jié)三、Atlantooccipital joint 寰枕關節(jié)Between s

8、uperior articulating surfaces of atlas and occipital condylesSupported by membrances and ligaments that join occipital bone and atlasAction nodding of head, lateral tilting of head四、Atlantoaxial joint 寰樞關節(jié)Three synovial joints between atlas and axisLaterally, paired joints between articulating facesMedian joint between dens of axis and anterior arch of atlasSupported by ligaments apical ligament of dens 齒突尖韌帶alar ligament 翼狀韌帶transverse ligament of atlas寰椎橫韌帶 tectorial membrane 覆膜Action allow atlas (and head) to pivot on the axis