廣東省高三英語 第14講　非謂語動(dòng)詞課件 新人教

1、第14講 非謂語動(dòng)詞2021/8/8 星期日1 找出各句的謂語動(dòng)詞并指出其具體形式1. Dont teach fish to swim. 不要班門弄斧。1哪些是動(dòng)詞的謂語形式？ dont teach，謂語動(dòng)詞否定式2021/8/8 星期日2 2. He had a good memory like an elephant. 他以前有很好的記憶力。 3. It would be a waste of money building such a luxurious villa. 建這么豪華的別墅太浪費(fèi)錢。1 had，謂語動(dòng)詞過去式 would be，附加情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞原形2021/8/8 星期日3

2、 4. Light travels much faster than sound. 光比聲音傳播速度快得多。 5. When asked why, please just keep silent. 當(dāng)問到原因時(shí)，就保持沉默。1 travels，謂語動(dòng)詞單數(shù)形式 keep，動(dòng)詞原形2021/8/8 星期日4 6. The president was warmly welcomed by the residents. 總統(tǒng)受到了居民的熱烈歡迎。1 was welcomed，動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式2021/8/8 星期日51 謂語動(dòng)詞的形式包括主動(dòng)句各種時(shí)態(tài)下的謂語形式和被動(dòng)句各種時(shí)態(tài)下的謂語形式以及情態(tài)動(dòng)

3、詞與動(dòng)詞連用的各種形式。2021/8/8 星期日6 指出下列動(dòng)詞形式是謂語動(dòng)詞形式還是非謂語動(dòng)詞形式1. teaches_ 2. teaching_ 3. taught_ 4. being taught_ 5. will teach_2 哪些是動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式？省略to的不定式 過去式過去分詞過去分詞省略to的不定式 2021/8/8 星期日7 6. having taught_7. has taught_8. was taught_9. teach_ 10. are teaching_2省略to的不定式 過去式過去式過去式過去式2021/8/8 星期日82 動(dòng)名詞，現(xiàn)在分詞，不定式與過去分詞

4、以及它們相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)下的各種形式叫作動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式。換言之，不能作謂語的動(dòng)詞形式叫非謂語動(dòng)詞。2021/8/8 星期日9 根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子(每空一詞)1. 因?yàn)椴话磿r(shí)上學(xué)，他經(jīng)常受到老師批評(píng)。He is often criticized by the teacher because of _ _ to school on time.2. 因?yàn)椴恢勒嫦?，這些村民抗議修建高速公路。_ _ _ the truth, the villagers protested against building an express way.3 非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定式怎么表達(dá)？ not going Not h

5、aving known 2021/8/8 星期日10 3. 為了不讓公眾認(rèn)出來，這個(gè)明星戴了副墨鏡。In order _ _ _ _ by the public, the star wore a pair of sun glasses.4. 不叫你怎樣做，就先休息一會(huì)。_ _ how to do it, take a rest first. 3not to berecognized Not told2021/8/8 星期日113 非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定式為 not 非謂語動(dòng)詞2021/8/8 星期日124非謂語動(dòng)詞有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)嗎？ 翻譯下列句子，指出畫線部分的語法術(shù)語名稱1. Bell is gen

6、erally considered to_have_invented the phone. 人們一般認(rèn)為貝爾發(fā)明了電話。to have invented：動(dòng)詞不定式的完成式。2021/8/8 星期日134 2. The building being_built is a conference center.3. Having_lived abroad for two decades, he speaks good English. 正在修建的建筑是個(gè)會(huì)議中心。being built：現(xiàn)在分詞的進(jìn)行式。 在國外生活了20年，他講一口流利的英語。having lived：現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時(shí)。2021

7、/8/8 星期日144 4. All the citizens around were praised for having_made great contributions to the development of the city.5. I have a lot of letters to_be_typed and you have to work overtime. 所有市民受到了表彰，因?yàn)樗麄優(yōu)槌鞘邪l(fā)展作出了重大貢獻(xiàn)。having made：動(dòng)名詞的完成式。 我有許多信要打印，你得加班了。to be typed：動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式。2021/8/8 星期日154 6. His_hav

8、ing_been_given help all the time encourages him to be brave enough to face the difficulties. 一直得到別人的幫助，這讓他有了面對(duì)困難的足夠勇氣。his having been given：動(dòng)名詞完成式的被動(dòng)式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。2021/8/8 星期日164 非謂語動(dòng)詞不僅有時(shí)態(tài)，而且有語態(tài)，具體形式見下表 語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)不定式動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞一般to dodoingdoing2021/8/8 星期日174 非謂語動(dòng)詞不僅有時(shí)態(tài)，而且有語態(tài)，具體形式見下表 語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)不定式動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞一般to

9、be donebeing donebeing done2021/8/8 星期日184語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)不定式動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞完成to have donehaving donehaving done進(jìn)行to be doing2021/8/8 星期日194語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)不定式動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞完成to have been donehaving been donehaving been done進(jìn)行to be being done2021/8/8 星期日204語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)不定式動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞否定式 not 非謂語動(dòng)詞(含各種時(shí)態(tài) 注意：過去分詞無所謂主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)式，有且只有一般式done20

10、21/8/8 星期日214語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)被 動(dòng)不定式動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞否定式not 非謂語動(dòng)詞(含各種時(shí)態(tài) 注意：過去分詞無所謂主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)式，有且只有一般式done 2021/8/8 星期日225 動(dòng)名詞，現(xiàn)在分詞，動(dòng)詞不定式及過去分詞在句中作什么成分？ 翻譯下列句子并指出非謂語動(dòng)詞在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?. The HR manager hurried to the airport only to be told the plane had taken off. 那位人事經(jīng)理急匆匆趕到機(jī)場想不到被告知飛機(jī)已經(jīng)起飛。to be told作結(jié)果狀語。2021/8/8 星期日2352. Talking t

11、o such a man is just like talking to a wall.3. He came running. 與這樣的人談話等于對(duì)牛彈琴。第一個(gè)“talking”短語作主語；后一個(gè)talking短語作賓語。 他跑著來了。running作方式狀語。 2021/8/8 星期日245 4. Taken as a whole, the 16th Asian Games are well organized. 整體來看，第十六屆亞運(yùn)會(huì)組織得很好。taken作條件狀語。2021/8/8 星期日255 非謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)名詞，現(xiàn)在分詞，動(dòng)詞不定式及過去分詞在句中可充當(dāng)除謂語以外的各種成分，具體用

12、法見下表(一般情況下) 主語謂語賓語定語狀語補(bǔ)語表語獨(dú)立成分動(dòng)名詞2021/8/8 星期日265主語謂語賓語定語狀語補(bǔ)語表語獨(dú)立成分現(xiàn)在分詞不定式過去分詞2021/8/8 星期日27 翻譯下列句子，指出ing形式的不同含義并判斷其類別1. Let the sleeping dog lie.6 現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞作定語有何區(qū)別？ 不要自找麻煩(讓正在睡覺的狗躺著)。the sleeping dog 中dog與sleeping有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，即“狗睡覺”(The dog is sleeping)。sleeping 是現(xiàn)在分詞。2021/8/8 星期日28 2. A sleeping car is

13、 expensive.6 臥車是很昂貴的。a sleeping car中sleeping表示car的用途，即“用來睡覺的車”(a car for sleeping)。sleeping是動(dòng)名詞。2021/8/8 星期日296 動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞均可作定語，動(dòng)名詞作定語時(shí)，動(dòng)名詞表達(dá)被修飾詞的用途?，F(xiàn)在分詞作定語時(shí)表達(dá)被修飾詞與該分詞邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。2021/8/8 星期日30 翻譯下列句子，指出ing形式的不同含義并判斷其類別1. My job is teaching. 7現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞作表語有何區(qū)別？ 我的職業(yè)是教書。teaching與my job是等同關(guān)系，teaching表達(dá)my job

14、的具體內(nèi)容。表語teaching和主語my job可交換位置，即可表達(dá)為：Teaching is my job. teaching是動(dòng)名詞。2021/8/8 星期日31 2. My job is interesting.7 我的職業(yè)很有趣。interesting與my job是修飾與被修飾關(guān)系，interesting表達(dá)my job的特征，性質(zhì)。表語interesting和主語my job不可交換位置。interesting是現(xiàn)在分詞。2021/8/8 星期日327 動(dòng)名詞作表語表達(dá)主語的具體內(nèi)容，此時(shí)表語與主語可交換位置?，F(xiàn)在分詞作表語表達(dá)主語的性質(zhì)與特征，一般情況不可與主語交換位置。202

15、1/8/8 星期日33 翻譯下列句子，指出句中畫線部分充當(dāng)?shù)某煞旨捌浜x 1. The old lady hurried to the bus station to see her son off only to_be_told_the_bus_had_left.8現(xiàn)在分詞和不定式作結(jié)果狀語有何區(qū)別？ 老太太匆匆趕到車站給兒子送行，想不到被告知車已開走。不定式短語to be told the bus had left作結(jié)果狀語，表達(dá)出人意料或不情愿看到的結(jié)果。2021/8/8 星期日34 2. We reached the top of the mountain, breathing_hard

16、. 我們到達(dá)了山頂，上氣不接下氣。分詞短語breathing hard作結(jié)果狀語，表達(dá)合乎情理的自然的結(jié)果。82021/8/8 星期日358 不定式(短語)作結(jié)果狀語時(shí)，前面往往有only/just修飾，表達(dá)出人意料或不情愿看到的結(jié)果；現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作結(jié)果狀語，表達(dá)合乎情理的自然的結(jié)果。2021/8/8 星期日36 改寫句子 1. Would you mind if I opened the window? Would you mind_ _ the window? Would you mind _ _ the window?9什么是動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)？ my opening me openin

17、g 2021/8/8 星期日372. The meeting has been called off because Mary is on business. The meeting has been called off because of _ _on business. The meeting has been called off because of _ _on business. 9 Marys being Mary being2021/8/8 星期日389 為了表達(dá)動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，此時(shí)使用名詞所有格或形容詞性物主代詞動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)，此結(jié)構(gòu)叫作動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不作主語

18、時(shí)，其中的名詞所有格可以改為普通格，物主代詞可改為賓格。如： my fathers going alone my father going alone; our taking part in it us taking part in it。2021/8/8 星期日39 10 “動(dòng)詞賓語賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)中賓補(bǔ)由哪些非謂語動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)？ 用動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式完成句子，總結(jié)各組句子賓補(bǔ)的用法1. (1) Though he is unwilling to give up his choice, Ill have him_(do) so. (2) Its a waste of water having the t

19、ap _(run) while washing clothes. do running2021/8/8 星期日40 (3) Unfortunately, the basketball player had had his leg_(break) just before the match began.2. (1) I saw her _(dance) with her partner when I passed by the dancing room. (2) The CCTV camera saw the two masked men _(enter) the bank and _(run)

20、 out with a black bag. (3) Young people are advised not to reply when they hear their names_ (call) at night. 10 brokencalled enter run dancing2021/8/8 星期日41 3. (1) If caught _(steal) in the supermarket, the employee will be severely punished. (2) When arriving at home, the host found all the drawer

21、s _(make) upside down.10 stealing made2021/8/8 星期日42 4. (1) He was online chatting, leaving his homework _(unfinish). (2) The manager went into the meeting room and left his driver _ (wait) in the car. (3) The director left his secretary _(attend) to the matter. 10 unfinishedwaiting to attend2021/8/

22、8 星期日43 從非謂語動(dòng)詞角度看，英語中動(dòng)詞不定式，現(xiàn)在分詞，過去分詞都可充當(dāng)賓補(bǔ)。102021/8/8 星期日44 11 根據(jù)提示，用with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)完成下列句子1.有如此多的工作要做，新秘書感到很緊張。 _ so much work_ _， the new secretary felt stressed. 2. 讓燈通宵亮著，這個(gè)男孩早早睡覺了。 _ the light_all night long, the boy went to sleep early.什么是with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)？With to With burning do2021/8/8 星期日45 3.所有的書都標(biāo)注了字母，我們很

23、容易找到要看的書。 _ all the books _ with letters, we can find a book easily. With marked 112021/8/8 星期日46 “with 賓語賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)叫with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，其中賓補(bǔ)可由非謂語動(dòng)詞(不定式，現(xiàn)在分詞，過去分詞)，介詞，形容詞，副詞(限表方位，狀態(tài)，地點(diǎn)的副詞)及名詞充當(dāng)，在句中主要作狀語，有時(shí)可作定語。112021/8/8 星期日47 翻譯下列句子，指出畫線部分非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法特點(diǎn)1. I have much to_do and I cant go shopping with you. 我有許多事要做，我不能同

24、你去買東西了。 do與被修飾詞much有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，此處用主動(dòng)形式to do為主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)用法。12什么是with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)？2021/8/8 星期日4812 2. Many people have caught a bad cold. The weather is to_blame. 許多人得了重感冒，都怪這天氣。blame與weather 有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，此處用主動(dòng)形式to blame為主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)用法。2021/8/8 星期日4912 3. The Great Wall is worth visiting another time, I think. 我認(rèn)為長城值得再游覽一次。 vi

25、sit與The Great Wall 有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，此處用主動(dòng)形式visiting為主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)用法。2021/8/8 星期日5012 4. With a lot of problems to_settle,_I am as busy as a bee. 有許多問題要解決，我忙極了。settle與problems有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，此處用主動(dòng)形式to settle為主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)用法。2021/8/8 星期日5112 5. The plant needs watering. 這棵植物需要澆水了。water與the plant 有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，此處用主動(dòng)形式watering為主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)用法。

26、2021/8/8 星期日5212 6. The problem is hard to_solve. 這個(gè)問題很難解決。solve與problems 有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，此處用主動(dòng)形式to blame為主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)用法。2021/8/8 星期日53127. The man hung around, for there was nothing to_do. 這個(gè)人逛來逛去，無事可干。do與nothing有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，此處用主動(dòng)形式to do為主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)用法。翻譯各組句子，指出現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別1. (1) When spoken to, please fix your attention

27、.(2) When speaking, please speak clearly. 2021/8/8 星期日54128. Give me a book to_read,_please. 請(qǐng)給我一本書看。read與a book有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，此處用主動(dòng)形式to read為主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)用法。2021/8/8 星期日55 非謂語動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)的句型有： 1. 主 has/ have/had (有) 賓語to do須注意此時(shí)“do”的動(dòng)作由主語發(fā)出。 2. 主 be to blame 3. 主 be (是) worth doing 4. With 賓語 to do 5. 主 needs/need/n

28、eeded (實(shí)義動(dòng)詞) doing 6. 主 be (是) 形容詞 to do122021/8/8 星期日56 7. There is nothing to do(There is nothing to be done 意為“毫無辦法”) 8. Give/Show/Reach/Pass/Get/ sb./sth.to do122021/8/8 星期日57 13 動(dòng)詞在接動(dòng)名詞和不定式作賓語方面有何規(guī)律？ 根據(jù)漢語提示，用括號(hào)中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子 1. 你認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)練鋼琴的女孩嗎？ Do you know the girl practicing_(play) the piano? pla

29、ying2021/8/8 星期日58 2. 出門時(shí)記得關(guān)燈。 Remember_ (turn) off the lights before you leave. 3. 我喜歡打籃球而我哥哥的愛好是游泳。 I like _(play) basketball while my elder brothers hobby is swimming. 4. 當(dāng)協(xié)議送達(dá)時(shí)，經(jīng)理拒絕簽字。 When the agreement arrived, the manager refused_(sign) up.13 to turn playing to sign2021/8/8 星期日59 英語中部分動(dòng)詞只能接動(dòng)名

30、詞作賓語，如excuse，suggest，advise，mind, consider, admit，enjoy，appreciate，imagine，fancy，resist，practise，finish，postpone, delay, miss, risk，permit, allow等； 少數(shù)動(dòng)詞既可以接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，又可以接不定式作賓語，但意義區(qū)別很大，如： remember to do sth. “記得要做某事”，remember doing sth. “記得做過某事”；132021/8/8 星期日60 forget to do sth. “忘記要做某事”，forget doing sth. “忘記做過某事”； regret to do sth. “對(duì)要做某事感到遺憾”，regret doing sth. “對(duì)做過某事感到后悔”； mean doing sth. “意味著”，mean to do sth. “想要做某事”； try doing sth. “嘗試