高中名詞性從句講解

1、名詞性從句專題.概念：主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句在復合句中的作用相當于名詞，因此這四種從句被稱為名詞性從句。L主語從句名詞性從句共有四種：表語從句賓語從句.同位語從句我們先看幾個句子：是誰開始先出招沒什么大不了:Who takes the first step is not a big deal.名詞性從句共有四種：表語從句賓語從句.同位語從句我們先看幾個句子：是誰開始先出招沒什么大不了:Who takes the first step is not a big deal.告訴我今天海是什么顏色T Tell me what color the sea is today.告訴我今夜

2、你想要夢什么1 Tell me what you want to dream of tonight終于你會發(fā)現(xiàn)每個愛情都危險IFinallyyou llfind out that every love is dangerous.二.知識點1.1.主語從句：主語從句在整個句子中作主語。引導主語從句的 連詞有that, whether, if （是否)；連接代詞who,what,which;連接副詞when,where,how,why等。請注意what,過去的高考中考的很多。分句置于句首（1）主語從句中的that不充當句子的成分，只是單純的連接詞，通常不省略時，that絕對不可以省略。分句置于句首

3、Thatthedrivercouldnotcontrolhiswarwasobvious.二Itwasobviousthatthedrivercouldnotcontrolhiscar.（2）（參照必修3P92）為了避免主語顯得過長，可以用it作為句子的主語，把主語從句移到句子的末尾。（英語中有一種美，叫做尾重end-weight）2.表語從句：表語從句出現(xiàn)在系動詞后，充當表語。Thetroubleisthatweareshortofmoney.Goandgetyourcoat.Itswhereyouleftit.引導表語從句除了上述三類詞外還有because,asif/asthough等等T

4、hereason(why/forwhich.)isthatIt/This/Thatisbecause連系動詞appear,look,seem的兩個常用句型Itseems/appearsthatItlooks/seemsasif/asthough與事實相符用陳述語氣，與事實相反用虛擬語氣).賓語從句：(that可以省略)及物動詞，形容詞和介詞后加賓語從句作其賓語。賓語從句時態(tài)與主句相呼應，但賓語從句表示的是客觀真理或普遍現(xiàn)象除外Theteachertoldus(that)theearthmovesaroundthesunIamafraid(that)Ihavemadeamistake.Hewil

5、lhavetopayforwhathehasdone.當賓語從句后帶賓補時，要用主語+謂語+it+賓補+that+從句，that不可省略Ithinkitcertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.that在賓語從句?？梢允÷裕蒩nd或but連接兩個或多個賓語從句時，僅可以省略第一個連詞thatHesaid(that)hehadeatennothingandthathewasnthungry.注意區(qū)別if引導的賓語從句和條件狀語從句Idontknowifhewillcome.(if是否)Ifhecomes,Illletyouknow.如果).同位語從句：(that不可

6、省略)對前面的名詞進一步說明。用在下歹U名詞fact,truth,news,idea,hope,belief,thought,doubt,order,suggestion,wordetc.TheteachertoldusthefactthattheearthmovesaroundthesunThereisnodoubtthathewillcome.Thereisdoubtwhetherhewillcome.Hissuggestionthatwe(should)goforanoutingcheeredusup.WordcamethatNapoleonwouldcometoinspectthem.

7、that引導的同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別：在同位語從句中：that不作成分，不可以省略；在定語從句中：that作成分，且作賓語時可以省略Weareinterestedinthenewsthatsomeforeignerswouldvisitourschool.同位語Weareinterestedinthenews(that/which)hetoldus.定語從句when,where引導的同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別：在定語從句中，when,where前有分別表示時間、地點的先行詞；而在同位語從句中無此對應關(guān)系Theyhavenoideaatallwherehehasgone.（同位語從句）Goa

8、ndgetyourcoat.Itsintheplacewherey向語械1句（）三.注意點：.疑問詞whatever/whoever/however/whenever等既可以引導名詞性從句，也可以引導讓步狀語從句，而nomatter+疑問詞只能引導讓步狀語從句總體規(guī)律：whatever/whoever等詞的使用范圍比nomatterwhat/who等要廣Nomatterwhathappens,hewillnotmind.（讓步狀語從句（用逗號隔開）=Whateverhappens,hewillnotmind.（讓步械語從句Nomatterwhatyousayisveryimportant.（）

9、主語疾句（名詞性從句）Whateveryousayisveryimportant.（主語疾句（名詞性從句）I believe whatever he says.Whateverhesays,Iwillneverbelievehim.I believe whatever he says.who與whoever的區(qū)別who是誰”的意思，表示具有疑問.whoever相當于anyonewho無論誰”Whoeverleavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.Canyoutellmewhothatgentlemanis?.當從句缺少主語、賓語或表語時，引導詞通常用wh

10、at。Whatimpressedmemostwasherexcellentperformance.Whatwecantgetseemsbetterthanwhatwehave.Whatseemsbeneficialtousmaybeunfavorableforothers.注意區(qū)分itthat結(jié)構(gòu)引導生語從句還是強調(diào)句主語從句it指代句中that引導的內(nèi)容（通常較長），去掉Itis/was,that,句子不成立強調(diào)句句型：Itis/was+被強調(diào)部分+that,去掉Itis/was,that,句子仍然成立。Itisnaturalthattheyshouldhavedifferentviews.

11、主語從句Itisknowntoallthattheearthisround.主語從句Itisonlylatelythathehashadafamilyhimself.強調(diào)句Whatwasitthathewanted?IdontknowwhatitwasthathewantecdS調(diào)句Itwasinthehotelwherehestayedthatwediscussedtheseriousproblem強調(diào)句.連詞whether和if有時可以互換，但注意下列情況總體規(guī)律：whether的使用范圍比if要廣(1)后面出現(xiàn)ornot時，用whetherIwanttoknowwhetherornottheywillcome.(2)連接詞后直接加不定式，不能用if只能用whetherHedoesntknowwhethertostayornot.(3)whether可以防句首，而if不能Whetherhewillcome,Iamnotsure.ItisuncertainifhewillleaveforBeijingtomorrow.(if可弓I導主語從句V)IfhewillleaveforBeijingtomorrowisuncertain.()xWhetherhewillleaveforBeijingtomorrowisuncertain.(V)(4)表語從句中只能用whetherTh