高中英語(yǔ)專題 Unit 1 Section Ⅲ　Grammar-限制性定語(yǔ)從句

1、 Section Grammar限制性定語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ) 境 自 主 領(lǐng) 悟先觀察原句后自主感悟1.There was not much (that) we could do when it was raining.2.That is all that works.3.Who is the girl that he gave the flower to？4.The lady I wrote the poem for was my sister.5.This is the great writer to whom our teacher was referring.6.He received the e

2、mail (that) he was looking forward to.1.例句1先行詞much和例句2先行詞all后用that，不用which，作定語(yǔ)從句的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。2.例句3、4中關(guān)系代詞作動(dòng)詞的間接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，用to或for，無(wú)關(guān)系代詞時(shí)，也要用to或for。3.例句5中介詞置于從句之首，關(guān)系代詞whom之前。4.例句6中定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如果是以介詞結(jié)尾的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，則不可把介詞移至從句之首。限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語(yǔ)，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意義。這種從句與主句的關(guān)系十分密切，書寫時(shí)不可用逗號(hào)分開。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只是對(duì)先行詞作附加補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，如果去掉，

3、主句的意思仍然清晰完整。這種從句與主句的關(guān)系不是很密切，書寫時(shí)往往用逗號(hào)分開。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句一般不用that引導(dǎo)。Do you know the girl who just came in?你認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)剛剛進(jìn)來(lái)的女孩嗎？(若把從句去掉，則不明白是哪個(gè)女孩)The old woman，who lives on her own，has a cat for company.這個(gè)老婦人一個(gè)人住，養(yǎng)了一只貓陪伴她。(若把從句去掉，仍然知道是哪個(gè)老婦人)即時(shí)訓(xùn)練1單句語(yǔ)法填空My house，_ I bought last year，has got a lovely garden.The boy _ br

4、oke the window is called Tom.一、只用that不用which的情況1先行詞是不定代詞all，much，little，something，everything，anything，nothing，none等或者先行詞被不定代詞所修飾時(shí)。Do you have_ you want to say for yourself?你有什么要為自己說(shuō)的嗎？2先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或the only，the very (恰恰，正好)，the last，all，no，few，little，any等修飾時(shí)。This is one of _football games_ I have

5、ever seen.這是我見過(guò)的最激動(dòng)人心的足球比賽之一。This is _ thing _we can do now.這是我們現(xiàn)在唯一能做的事情。3先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。_ you told me about are admired by us all.你告訴我的那位科學(xué)家和他所取得的成就為我們所有人所欽佩。4當(dāng)先行詞在主句中作表語(yǔ)，而關(guān)系代詞也作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。Shanghai is no longer _it used to be.上海不再是過(guò)去的那座城市了。5當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)詞who或which時(shí)。_ is the person_ is standing at the gate?站在門口的那

6、個(gè)人是誰(shuí)？即時(shí)訓(xùn)練2單句語(yǔ)法填空He was looking pleasantly at the children and parcels_ filled his bus.Here is the book about _ I told you yesterday.This is the best way _ is to be used against pollution.二、只用which不用that的情況1引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others，_，of course，made the o

7、thers envy him.海倫對(duì)她最小的兒子比對(duì)其他的兒子好得多，這當(dāng)然使其他的兒子很嫉妒她的小兒子。 2關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)介詞的賓語(yǔ)，且介詞位于關(guān)系代詞之前。This is the house _ Lu Xun once lived.這是魯迅曾住過(guò)的房子。3引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾前面的整個(gè)主句，代替主句所表示的整體或部分概念。The result was not the same as they had expected，_ was rather disappointing.結(jié)果與當(dāng)初預(yù)料的不一樣，這令人很失望。即時(shí)訓(xùn)練3單句語(yǔ)法填空Tom came back，_ made us very hap

8、py.The house in _I used to live has become a shoe shop.三、 宜用who不宜用that的情況1當(dāng)先行詞是指人的不定代詞時(shí)，如：one，ones，anyone。_ does that must be mad.誰(shuí)那樣做都一定是瘋了。2當(dāng)先行詞是I，you，he，they等人稱代詞時(shí)(常用于諺語(yǔ)中)。_doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到長(zhǎng)城非好漢。3當(dāng)先行詞為指人的those時(shí)。_have good manners will be highly respected.那些有禮貌的人會(huì)受到

9、人們的高度尊重。4在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中，先行詞是指人的名詞時(shí)。_ wants to see you.有一個(gè)年輕人想見你。即時(shí)訓(xùn)練4單句語(yǔ)法填空Do you know the ones _ moved here recently?They _live longest will see most.Those _ were once for him have turned against him.四、關(guān)系代詞作介詞的賓語(yǔ)關(guān)系代詞作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，為了使關(guān)系代詞與先行詞的關(guān)系更加緊湊，可以將從句中的介詞提到關(guān)系代詞前，形成“介詞關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。該結(jié)構(gòu)中的關(guān)系代詞可用which，whom或whose。

10、介詞的選用(1)根據(jù)先行詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣來(lái)確定。先行詞往往是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、方式等的詞，它與介詞之間有一定的聯(lián)系。Do you still remember the days during which we worked together?你還記得我們?cè)谝黄鸸ぷ鞯哪切┤兆訂幔?2)根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或形容詞確定介詞。該動(dòng)詞或形容詞常與某些介詞構(gòu)成固定搭配。The social problem about which the two sides are debating with each other is a very serious one.(debate with sb.ab

11、out.就與某人展開辯論)雙方正在展開辯論的社會(huì)問(wèn)題是很嚴(yán)重的一個(gè)問(wèn)題。名師點(diǎn)津關(guān)系代詞作間接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，用to或for。The girl that Tom_ the dictionary _ is very pretty.湯姆給她字典的那個(gè)姑娘很可愛(ài)。I know the boy whom you _ a white hat_.我認(rèn)識(shí)你給他買白帽子那個(gè)男孩。(3)根據(jù)句子的意思確定介詞。有些句子，先行詞完全一樣，定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也不是固定的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。這時(shí)，需要根據(jù)句子所要表達(dá)的意思選用不同的介詞。Water is of great importance，_ people can not liv

12、e.水是很重要的，沒(méi)有它人們就無(wú)法生存。This is the book _ you have talked to me.這是你曾經(jīng)給我談起的那本書。This is the book _there is a map of China.這是封面上有張中國(guó)地圖的那本書。名師點(diǎn)津有些以介詞結(jié)尾的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，如look for，look after，send for，call on，come across，long for等，不可拆開把介詞置于關(guān)系代詞之前。The doctor_ you _ has not come yet.你派人去請(qǐng)的那個(gè)醫(yī)生還沒(méi)有來(lái)。This is the baby _ you w

13、ill _這就是你將要照看的那個(gè)嬰兒。即時(shí)訓(xùn)練5單句語(yǔ)法填空His brother，_whom I went to the park，took a lot of pictures there.English is one of the most interesting subjects_which Im interested.He broke his glasses，_ which he cant see anything.五、關(guān)系代詞的省略關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，通?？梢允÷?。The man (_-) you saw just now is our manager.你剛才見到的那個(gè)人是我們

14、的經(jīng)理。Is there anything (_) I can do for you?有什么我能為你效勞的嗎？即時(shí)訓(xùn)練6請(qǐng)用正確的關(guān)系代詞填空并用括號(hào)標(biāo)出可以省略的關(guān)系代詞This is the most interesting story (_) I have ever read.He often helps the students _ he thinks are not quick at their study.Who was the woman (_) you were talking with?單句語(yǔ)法填空1This is the student _ whom I bought a book.2This is the ship _ which I went to Shanghai.3Is this the car for _ you paid a high price?4This is the pilot with _ my father has worked for ten years.5What is the first American film _ you have seen?6All _can be done has been done.7She described in her com