專四語法講解(從句)課件

1、從 句副詞性（狀語）從句副詞在句中起狀語作用，故如果起狀語作用的部分為一個句子，那么該句便是副詞性從句，也稱狀語從句。狀語從句可細分為：時間、地點、條件、原因、讓步、目的、結(jié)果、比較、方式等。狀語從句的測試重點為：考查對主從句之間邏輯意義關(guān)系的把握，看其是否能選擇正確的從屬連詞。1.讓步狀語從句 讓步狀語從句：除了2000，2007年沒考，其他年份都考過（1）由though, although, even if / though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句 （2）as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句 (3) while 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句 （4) no matter how/ what / when / where, h

2、owever, whatever 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句 (5）特殊讓步狀語從句 真題講解1. _ the boss says, it is unreasonable to ask me to work overtime without pay. (09, 54)A. Whatever B. Whenever C. Whichever D. HoweverA2. _ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had to stay behind to finish his assignment. (08, 55)A. Much

3、enough B. Much asC. As much D. Though muchB2.條件狀語從句 引導(dǎo)詞除if外，還有unless, provided / providing (that), so / as long as, on condition that, suppose / supposing (that), in the event that, whether or not 可表示選擇條件句。 從句的省略。當(dāng)條件狀語從句的主語與主句主語一致，并且從句謂語含有be時，可以將從句主語和be一起省略。 這被稱為帶連詞的無動詞狀語從句。如：Although (he is) very y

4、oung, he works as hard as an adult.The child is never peevish unless (he is) sick.真題講解1. He asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do, _ that he paid me back the following week. (05, 64)A. on occasion B. on purpose C. on condition D. only ifC4.原因狀語從句 常用引導(dǎo)詞since, as, because, in that, 等(1

5、)in that引導(dǎo)原因從句時,有時翻譯成“是因為”、“就在于”。如:Advertising is distinguished from other forms of communication in that the advertiser pays for the message to be delivered.Criticism and self-criticism is necessary in that it helps us to find and correct our mistakes.5. 方式狀語從句主要由as 引導(dǎo)，as if / though, the way, rath

6、er than, much as真題舉例1. Nine is to three three is to one. (08, 53)A. when B. thatC. whichD. whatD【語法點】方式狀語從句【詳解】 這是固定句型，用來指what前后兩句話有著相類似的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，即“A對B就如A1對B1”，類似的句子還有：Water is to fish what air is to men. 此句型中的what也可以用as。 真題舉例1. Have you ever been in a situation _ you know the other person is right yet

7、you cannot agree with him? (02, 54)A. by which B. that C. in where D. whereD2. She remembered several occasions in the past _ she had experienced a similar feeling. (98, 42)A. which B. before C. that D. whenD3. 限制性和非限制性定語從句1) 定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確；非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明，去掉了也不會影響

8、主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號分開，例如：This is the house which we bought last month. 這是我們上個月買的那幢房子。(限制性)The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.這幢房子很漂亮，是我們上個月買的。(非限制性)2)非限制性定語從句還能將整個主句作為先行詞, 對其進行修飾, 這時從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)，例如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎沒抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。

9、Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝@就叫做蒸發(fā)。真題舉例1. Weve just installed two air-conditioners in our apartment, _ should make great differences in our life next summer. (02, 55)A. which B. what C. that D. theyA2. They overcome all the difficulties and completed the proje

10、ct two months ahead of time, _ is something we had not expected. (03, 61)A. which B. it C. that D. whatA真題舉例The party, _ I was the guest of honor, was extremely enjoyable. (06,53)A. by which B. for whichC. to which D. at whichD 6. 注意whose的用法 whose在從句中做定語，修飾名詞。所以，如果關(guān)系代詞后面緊接的是名詞，且關(guān)系代詞又不在從句中做主語或賓語，那么，這

11、個關(guān)系代詞就應(yīng)該是whose。如 真題舉例Above the trees are the hills, _ magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface.(03,53)A. where B. of whose C. whose D. whichC【譯文】樹叢之上是巍峨的群山，倒映在水面之上清晰可見。(3)先行詞由形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾或由next，last, only, very修飾時，用that；(4)非限定性定語從句只能用which引導(dǎo)；(5)關(guān)系代詞前面如果有介詞，只能用which。7. 關(guān)系代詞that與which

12、用于引導(dǎo)定語從句的區(qū)別(1)如果關(guān)系代詞在從句中做賓語，用that, which都可以，而且可以省略；(2)先行詞是不定代詞anything, nothing, little, all, everything時，關(guān)系代詞用that； I was very interested in _ she told me. (09, 56)A. all that B. all which C. all what D. thatA真題舉例1. He is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is not the man he was twenty years

13、 ago. ( 2003, 52)A. which B. that C. who D. whomB【詳解】這里的the man并不指某個人，而是強調(diào)某個狀態(tài)、屬性、身份，所以不能選擇who / whom，同時which也不合題意。因此本句中的限制性定語從句需要用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)，表示強調(diào)。故B正確。 名詞性從句一個句子起名詞的作用，在句中做主語、賓語介詞賓語、表語、同位語，那么這個句子就是名詞性從句。主語從句That the earth goes around the sun is well-known to everybody.Whether he will come to the me

14、eting is up to his boss. (此時不能用if )Whoever says so is a liar. When and where the 2008 Olympic Games will be held has been decided. 注意主語從句的一些常見句型。如：It is reported that 椐報道 It must be pointed out that 必須指出的是 It is likely that 很可能的是 .;. It is a good thing that 很好的是 It happens that 碰巧的是 同位語從句同位語從句的特點是由一個抽象名詞+that從句構(gòu)成，引導(dǎo)詞一般是that, 而且that在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分。這些抽象名詞有：