2021年6月大學(xué)英語四級考試真題全三套(含答案解析)

1、2021年6月大學(xué)英語四級考試真題(第1套)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaytitledDoviolentvideo gamesleadtoviolence?.Youat120butno180Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section A Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,you willheartwoorthreequ

2、estions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbeonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefour A),B),C)andD).theonAnswerSheet 1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.A)EnrollhiminaNewcastlefootballclub.Sendhimtoanafter-s

3、choolartForbidhimtodrawinhisworkbook.Helphimposthisdrawingsonline.A)ContactedJoetodecorateitsHiredJoetopaintallthewallsofitsbuildings.Renovateditskitchenandallthedining-rooms.AskedJoeforpermissiontousehisonlinedrawings.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.A)Getherpetdog

4、back.Begforhelpfromthepolice.IdentifythesuspectorthesecurityPostpicturesofherpetdogonsocialA)Itissufferingagreatdealfromtheincident.Itishelpingthepolicewiththeinvestigation.ItisbringingthecasetothelocaldistrictItisofferingabigrewardtoanyonewhoQuestions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have ju

5、st heard.A)Providefreemealstothelocalpoor.HelppeopleconnectwitheachHelpeliminateclassdifferenceinhisarea.Provide customers with first-class service.A)Itdoesnotsuperviseitsemployees.Itdonatesregularlytoalocalcharity.Itdonatesregularlytoalocalcharity.ItisopenroundtheA)Theywillrealisetheimportanceofcom

6、munication.Theywillcometothecafevenmorefrequently.Theywillcarelessabouttheirownbackground.Theywillfindtheyhavesomethingincommon.Section BInthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation, youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespoken onlyonce.Afteryou

7、hearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefour A),B),C)andD).theonAnswerSheet 1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.A)Asurprisepartyforbirthday.Travelplansforthecomingweekend.PreparationsforSaturdaysget-together.Thenewmarketontheoth

8、ersideoftown.A)Itmakesthehostesssjobawholeloteasier.Itenablesgueststowalkaroundandchatfreely.ItsavesconsiderabletimeandItrequiresfewertablesandchairs.A)Itofferssomebigdiscounts.ItisquiteclosetoherItismorespaciousandlesscrowded.Itsellslocalwinesandsoftdrinks.A)CookadishfortheArrive10minutesearlier.Pr

9、epareafewopeningremarks.Bringhiscomputerandspeakers.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.A)Forcommutingtowork.For long-distance travel.ForgettingaroundinForconvenienceatweekends.A)Theyarereliable.Theyarecompact.They aresuspicious.TheyareeasytoA)Buyasecond-handcar.Trus

10、t her ownjudgement.Seekadvicefromhisfriend.Look around beforedeciding.A)Hesellsnewcars.He can betrusted.Heisstartingabusiness.Heisasuccessfulcardealer.Section CInthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhear threeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyo

11、nce. Afteryouheara question,youmustchoose thebestanswerthechoices markedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1with asinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.A)Manyescapedfromfarmsandbecamewild.TheywereactuallynativetoNorthAmerica.

12、Manygotkilledinthewildwhensearchingforfood.TheywerehuntedbySpanishandRussianexplorers.A)Theyoftenmakesuddenattacksonpeople.TheybreakupnaturesfoodsupplyThey cause much environmental pollution.Theycarryagreatmanydiseases.A)Theylivedpeacefullywithwildpigs.Theyranoutoffoodcompletely.Theyfellvictimtoeagl

13、es.They reproducedquickly.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.A)TastecoffeewhileinouterRoastcoffeebeansinouterDevelopanewstrainofcoffeebean.Useapressurisedtanktobrewcoffee.A)Theycaneasilygetburned.Theyfloataroundintheoven.Theyhavetobeheatedto360.Theyreceiveevenlydistribut

14、edheat.A)Theychargedahighpricefortheirspace-roastedcoffeeTheysetupabranchinDubaitomanufacturecoffeeroasters.Theycollaboratedonbuildingthefirstspacecoffeemachine.TheyabandonedtheattempttoroastcoffeebeansinQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.A)ItisthebesttimeforA race passe

15、s through itannually.TheycometocleantheIditarodItiswhenthevillagerschooseaA)Itschildrensbakingskills.Its unique winterscenery.Its tasty fruitpies.Itsgreatfoodvariety.A) TheThe entirevillage.JanNewtonandherfriends.PeoplefromthestateofA)SheownedarestaurantinShemarriedherhusbandin1972.ShewenttoAlaskato

16、competeinarace.Shehelpedthevillagetobecomefamous.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section AInthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectoneword foreachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Read thepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachc

17、hoiceinthebankis identifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemon Sheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthe bank more thanonce.MostseekshadewhentemperaturesintheSaharaDesertsoarto120degrees Fahrenheit. But for the Saharan ants, 26 their underground nests t

18、he brutalraysto 27 forfood,thisistheperfecttimetoseeklunch.In2015theseantswerejoined in the desert by scientists from two Belgian universities, who spent a month in the 28 heat tracking the and digging out their nests. The goal was to discover how the adaptedtothekindofheatthatcan 30 meltthebottomof

19、BackinBelgium,thescientistslookedattheantsunderanelectronicmicroscopeandfoundthat their 31 , triangular hair reflects light like a giving them a reflection and protectingthemfromtheheat.WhenPh.D.studentQuentinWillot 32 theanantwith 33_knifeandputitunderaheatlamp,itstemperaturejumped.Theantsmethodofc

20、oolis34amonganimals.Couldthistypeofprotectpeople?Willotsayscompaniesareinterestedin35 theseantsmethodofheatprotection forhumanuse,includingfromhelpingtoprotecttheoffirefighterstokeeping homescoolinsummer.adaptingconsciouslycrawlingcrowdedextremehuntliterallymoderatespeciesspecimensthicktinySection B

21、Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Each statementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraph fromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce. EachparagraphismarkedwithaAnswerthequestionsbymarkingcorresponding letter onAnswer

22、 Sheet 2.What happens when a language has no words for numbers?Numbersdonotexistinallcultures.Therearenumberlesshunter-gatherersembeddeddeep inAmazonia,alongbranchesoftherivertree.Insteadofusingwordsprecisequantities,thesepeoplerelyexclusivelyontermsanalogousto“afew”orIncontrast,ourownlivesaregovern

23、edbynumbers.Asyoureadthis,youarelikelyawareof whattimeitis,howoldyouare,yourcheckingaccountbalance,yourweightandsoon.Theexact (andexacting)numberswethinkwithimpacteverythingfromourschedulestoourBut,inahistoricalsense,numericallyfixatedpeoplelikeusaretheunusualones.Forthebulk of our 200,000-year life

24、span, we had no means of precisely quantities.Whatsmore,the7,000orsolanguagesthatexisttodayvarydramaticallyinhowthey utilizenumbers.Speakersofanumeric,ornumberless,languagesawindowintohowtheinventionnumbersreshapedthehumanexperience.Inanewbook,Iexploredtheinwhichinventednumbers,andhownumberssubseque

25、ntlyplayedacriticalroleinothermilestones,from theadventofagriculturetothegenesisofwriting.Cultures without numbers, or with only one or two precise numbers, include the Munduruku and Pirahin Amazonia. Researchers have also studied some adultsin Nicaragua who were never taught number words.Without nu

26、mbers, healthy human adults struggle to precisely differentiate and recall quantities aslowasfour.Inanexperiment,aresearcherwillplacenutsintoacanoneatatime,thenremove themonebyone.Thepersonwatchingisaskedtosignalwhenallthenutshavebeenremoved. Responsessuggestthatanumericpeoplehavesometroublekeepingt

27、rackofhowmanynutsinthecan,evenifthereareonlyfourorfiveinThisandmanyotherexperimentshaveconvergeduponasimpleconclusion:Whenpeopledo nothavenumberwords,theystruggletomakequantitativedistinctionsthatprobablyseemnatural tosomeonelikeyouorme.Whileonlyasmallportionoftheworldslanguagesareanumericor nearlya

28、numeric,theydemonstratethatnumberwordsarenotahumanuniversal.Itisworthstressingthattheseanumericpeoplearecognitivelynormal,well-adaptedtoenvironstheyhavedominatedforcenturies.Asthechildofmissionaries,Ispentsomeofmyyouth living anumeric indigenous people, the aforementioned Pirah who along the sinuous

29、 banksoftheblackMaiciRiver.Likeotheroutsiders,Iwascontinuallyimpressedbytheirsuperior understandingoftheriverineecologyweshared.numberless people struggle tasks that require precise discrimination between quantities.Perhapsthisshouldbeunsurprising.Afterall,withoutcounting,howcansomeonetell orinabeco

30、meblurrythroughnumberlesseyes.This conclusion is echoed by work with anumeric children in industrialized societies.Prior to being spoon-fed number words, children can only approximately discriminate quantities beyond three. We must be handed the cognitive tools of numbers before we can consistently

31、and easily recognize higher quantities.Infact,acquiringtheexactmeaningofnumberwordsisapainstakingprocessthattakes children kids learn numbers they learn letters. They recognize arebutofWithtime,theystarttounderstandthatagivennumberrepresentsaquantitygreaterbyonethanthe precedingnumber.Thissuccessorp

32、rincipleispartofthefoundationofournumericalcognition, butrequiresextensivepracticetounderstand.Noneofus,then,isreallyanumbersperson.Wearenotpredisposedtohandlequantitative distinctionsadroitly.Intheabsenceoftheculturaltraditionsthatinfuseourliveswithnumbersfrom infancy,wewouldallstrugglewithevenbasi

33、cquantitativedistinctions.Numberwordsandwrittennumeralstransformourquantitativereasoningastheyarecoaxed into our experience by our parents, peers and school teachers. The process seems so normalthatwesometimesthinkofitasanaturalpartofgrowingup,butitisnot.Humanbrains comeequippedwithcertainquantitati

34、veinstinctsthatarerefinedwithage,buttheseinstinctsare verylimited.Forinstance,evenatbirthwearecapableofdistinguishingbetweentwomarkedlydifferent quantities for instance, eight from 16 things.Butwearenottheonlyspeciescapableofsuchabstractions.Comparedtochimpsandother primates,ournumericalinstinctsare

35、notasremarkableasmanypresume.Weevensharesomebasic instinctual quantitative reasoning with distant nonmammalian relatives like birds. Indeed, work with someotherspecies,includingparrots,suggeststheytoocanrefinetheirquantitativethoughtifthey areintroducedtothecognitivepowertoolswecallnumbers.So, how d

36、id we ever invent unnatural numbers in the first place?Theansweris,literally,atyourfingertips.Thebulkoftheworldslanguagesusebase-10,base- 20oris,aretheofisabase-10ordecimallanguage,asevidencedbywordslike14(four+10)and31(threex 10 +one).speak a decimal language because an ancestral tongue, proto-Indo

37、-European, decimallybased.Proto-Indo-Europeanwasdecimallyorientedbecause,asinsomanycultures,our linguisticancestorshandsservedasthegatewaytorealizationslikefivefingersonthishandisthe sameasfivefingersonthathand.Suchtransientthoughtsweremanifestedintowordsandpassed downacrossgenerations.Thisiswhythew

38、ordfiveinmanylanguagesisderivedfromtheword forhand.Mostnumbersystems,then,aretheby-productoftwokeyfactors:thehumancapacitylanguageandourforfocusingonourandfingers.Thismanualfixationan indirectby-productofwalkinguprightontwolegshashelpedyieldnumbersinmostcultures,but notall.Cultureswithoutnumbersalso

39、offerinsightintothecognitiveinfluenceofparticularnumerictraditions.Considerwhattimeitis.Yourdayisruledbyminutesandseconds,buttheseentitiesnotrealinanyphysicalsenseandarenonexistenttonumberlesspeople.Minutesandsecondsare the verbal and vestiges of an base-60 number system usedin Mesopotamiainournotal

40、lResearchonthelanguageofnumbersshows,moreandmore,thatoneofourspecieskey characteristics is tremendous linguistic and cognitive diversity. While there are undoubtedlycognitivecommonalitiesacrossallhumanpopulations,ourradicallyvariedculturesfoster profoundlydifferentcognitiveexperiences.Ifwearetotruly

41、understandhowmuchourcognitiveweofItisworthstressingthattheseanumericpeoplearecognitively）normalwell- adaptedtothesurroundingstheyhavedominatedforcenturies.Comparedwithothermammals,ournumericalinstinctsarenotasremarkableasmanyassume.It is worthstressing that theseanumeric peopleare cognitively(在認知方面）

42、normal, well- adaptedtothesurroundingstheyhavedominatedforcenturies.But,inahistoricalsense,number-consciouspeoplelikeusaretheunusualones.Researchonthelanguageofnumbersshowsandmorethatoneofourspecieskey characteristicsistremendousandThisandmanyotherexperimentshaveledtoasimpleconclusion:Whenpeopledono

43、thave number words, they struggle to make quantitative distinctions that probably seem natural to someonelikeyouorNoneofus,then,isreallya“numbersperson.”arenotborntohandleNumbersdonotexistinallcultures.So,howdidweeverinvent“unnatural”numbersinthefirstplace?Theansweris,literally,atyour fingertips.Thi

44、sconclusionisechoedbyworkwithanumericchildreninindustrializedsocieties.Section CThereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsor unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)and D).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronSheet2withasing

45、lelinethroughthecentre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Educatorsandbusinessleadershaveincommonitmayseem.wantto preparestudentsforasuccessfulfuture.Technologycompanieshaveaninterestindevelopinga workforcewiththeSTEM(science,technology,engineeringandmath)skillsneededto

46、growthe companyandadvancetheindustry.Howcantheywoktogethertoachievethesegoals?Playmay be theFocusingonSTEMisimportant,buttherealityisthatSTEMskillsareenhancedand relevant combined traditional, hands-on creative activities. This is provingtobethebestwaytopreparetodayschildrentobethemakersandbuilderso

47、ftomorrow. Thatiswhytechnologycompaniesarepartneringwitheducatorstobringbackgood,old-fashioned Infactmanyexpertsarguethatthemostimportant2lst-centuryskillsarentrelatedtospecific technologiesorsubjectbuttocreativityskillslikeimaginationproblem-findingproblem-solvingteamworkoptimismpatienceandtheabili

48、tytoexperimentandtakerisksThese areskillsacquiredkidstinker(鼓搗小玩意High-techindustriessuchasNASAsJetPropulsionLaboratoryhavefoundthattheirbestoverallproblemsolversweremastertinkerersintheir youth.Therearecognitivebenefitsofdoingthingsthewaywedidaschildrenbuildingsomething,tearingitdown,thenbuildingitu

49、pagain.Researchshowsthatgiven15minutesoffree play,four-andfive-year-oldswillspendathirdofthistimeengagedinspatial,mathematical,and architecturalactivities.Thistypeofplayespeciallywithbuildingblockshelpschildrendiscover anddevelopkeyprinciplesinmathandgeometry.Ifplayandbuildingarecriticalto21stcentur

50、yskilldevelopmentthatsreallygoodnewsfor tworeasonsChildrenarebornbuildersmakersandcreatorsso）21stcentury skillsmaybeassimpleasgivingkidsroomtoplaytinkerandtrythingsoutevenastheygrowolder;itdoesnttake21stcenturytechnologytofoster21stskills.Thisespeciallyimportantforunder-resourcedschoolsandcommunitie

51、s.Takingwhatevermaterialsare handyandtinkeringisasimplewaytoengagethoseimportantskills.anyone,anywhere,candoWhatdoestheauthorsayabouteducators?TheyseekadvicefromtechnologycompaniestoachieveteachingTheyhavebeensuccessfulinpreparingtheworkforceforcompanies.Theyhelpstudentsacquiretheskillsneededforthei

52、rfuturesuccess.Theypartnerwithtechnologycompaniestoenhanceteachingefficiency.HowcaneducatorsbetterdevelopstudentsSTEMskills,accordingtotheauthor?Byblendingthemwithtraditional,stimulatingactivities.ByinvitingbusinessleaderstohelpdesignByenhancingtoinaByshowingstudentsthebestwaytolearnisthroughplay.Ho

53、wdochildrenacquiretheskillsneededforthe21stcentury?Byengaginginactivitiesinvolvingspecifictechnologies.Byplayingwiththingstosolveproblemsontheirown.Byfamiliarizingthemselveswithhigh-techgadgets.Bymasteringbasicprinciplesthroughteamwork.Whatcanwedotohelpchildrenlearnthebasicsofmathandgeometry?Stimula

54、tetheirinterestasearlyaspossible.Spendmoretimeplayinggameswiththem.Encourage them to make things withAllowthemtotinkerfreelywithWhatdoestheauthoradvisedisadvantagedschoolsandcommunitiestoTrainstudentstobemakerstomeetfuturemarketdemands.DeveloptheEngagestudentswithchallengingtaskstofostertheircreativ

55、ity.Worktogetherwithcompaniestoimprovetheirteachingfacilities.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Arecentstudyrevealedthesugar50yearsagotoshapemedicalopinionon oftoThatdescribesthereactionofmanyAmericansthisweekfollowingrevelationsthat,50years ago,thesugarindustrypaidHar

56、vardscientistsforresearchthatshiftedthefocusawayfromroleinheartdiseaseandputthespotlightsquarelyondietaryfat.Whatmightsurpriseconsumersisjusthowmanypresent-daynutritionstudiesarestillfunded by the NutritionscholarMarionNestleofNewUniversityspentainformallytracking onofinterest,” Nestletellsusviaemai

57、l.Other,systematicreviewssupportherFor instance, studies funded by Welch Foods the brand behind Welchs100% Grape JuicefoundthatdrinkingConcordgrapejuicedailymayboostbrainfunction.fundedQuakerOats,concluded,asaDailyMailstoryputit,that“hotoatmealbreakfastkeepsyoufullfor Whiletheseexamplesmightinducech

58、uckles,thepastyearhasseenseveralexposesthathave raisedseriousconcernstheextentofinfluenceonfoodandnutritionresearch outcomes.Lastyear,TheNewYorkTimesrevealedhowCoca-Colawasfundinghigh-profilescientists andorganizationspromotingamessagethat,inthebattleagainstweightgain,peopleshouldpay moreattentionto

59、exerciseandlesstowhattheyeatanddrink.Intheaftermathofthatinvestigation, Coca-Colareleaseddataitsfundingofmedicalinstitutionsandbetween2010and2015,theAcademyofPhysicianstotheAmericanof Pediatrics. All told, Coca-Cola it gave $132.8 toward scientific research partnerships.Andearlierthissummer,theAssoc

60、iatedPressreleasedaninvestigationthatlookedatresearch bytheatheofTootsieRolls,HersheyskissesandSnickersbars.Onestudythegroupfundedconcludedthat kidswhoeatcandytendtoweighlessthanthosewhoanemailtoherco-author,theAP reported,oneofthescientistsbehindthatstudywrotethatthefindingwas“thinand padded.” None