2021年06月大學(xué)英語4級(jí)（卷三）

1、2021年6月大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試真題（三）Part IWriting(30 minutes)For this areminutes to an essay Dogameslead to ?M. eis for refere . You should write at 120but thanAof finds . violent games make kids aggressivelycausingin(25&：221 60 cReadingReadingSection AIn this n, is a blank m a list ofin aReadingSection AIn this n,

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3、mance on a fivestar scab.Pve asked to rate nry store。cant anything performance on a fivestar scab.Pve asked to rate nry store。then being asked to provide a rating of a companyscant anything performance on a fivestar scab.Pve asked to rate nry store。then being asked to provide a rating of a companys“

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5、tisfactionCompanies are so fora hit of stars that if you debte the survey the company sends you another one.WeVeto rate our apps when weve bare had a chance to them. OnecourseI use asks Economist Jasonwhat you of theafterorsays that companies use customer satisfactionWeVeto rate our apps when weve b

6、are had a chance to them. OnecourseI use asks Economist Jasonwhat you of theafterorsays that companies use customer satisfaction2 per cent of itadispby of star feedback has become the nucbar power sources of the modem economy.) oget ,m having thanA)B) C)you cant hepthat withif these companies are ba

7、sing theirsurveys 1 just clck the。off rry screen. Often the star rating I give has purchase 1 just made.) oget ,m having thanA)B) C)you cant hepthat withif these companies are basing theirsurveys 1 just clck the。off rry screen. Often the star rating I give has purchase 1 just made.F)G) optionH) prom

8、ptedoncbsest to ny mousemore to do Ihe kind of dayK)Q showering M) varietyE)J) routineN) voyage0) wondertime. People who want to lose weight are more likely to under-report their eating- regardless of whetherthey are overweight or not. This may be driven partly by self-deception or Hwishful thinking

9、,1.The final potential cause is an increase in snacking and eating out over recent in termsof how often they happen and how much they contribute to our overall energy intake. Again, there is2021651evidence that food conswned out of the home is one of the most poorly recorded categories in surveys.So

10、, whaVs the message conveyed? For statistics, we should invest in more accurate measurementoptions. For policy, we need to focus on options that make it easy for people to eat fewer calories. Ifpeople do not know how much they are eating, it can be really hard for them to stick to a diet. Also, wesh

11、ould be looking for new ways to ensure what people eat wouldn*t have much impact on their waistlines.If this works, it wont matter if they can*t remember what they ate yesterday.What did the author suspect back in 2016?Caloriehad fallen drastically over the decades.Most people surveyed were reluctan

12、t to reveal what they ate.The national statistics did not reflect the actual calorieMost people did not include snacks when reporting their calorie intake.What has the Office for National Statistics verified?Peoples calorie intake was far from accurately reported.The missing out of main meals leads

13、to the habit of snacking.The nations obesity level has much to do with calorie intake.Calorie conswnption is linked to the amount of snacks one eats.What do we about obese people from the passage?They usually keep their eating habits a secret.They overlook the potential causes of obesity. C) ey cann

14、ot help eating more than they should.D) They have difficulty recalling what they have eaten.What often goes unnoticed in surveys on food conswnption?The growing trend of eating out.The potential causes of snacking. C) Peoples home energy consumption.。-D)_People*s chan g diet ove!Jh。-。rs. What does t

15、he author suggest policymakers do about obesity?Remind people to cut down on snacking.Make sure people eat non-fattening food.Ensure people don*t miss their main meals.See that people don*t stick to the same diet.N Translation (30 minutes)For this , you are allowed 30 minutes to a passage from Chine

16、se into English . You年 should write your answer on2.ongjing)5220210 6。 47Section BIn this section, you are going to read a with ten statements attached to it. &eh statement contains information given in one of thethewhich theis derived. You may choose amore than once. &ehis markedwith aletter. Answe

17、r the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.of setbacks: Howimprove prospectsHow do early career setbacks our long-term success? Failures can help us learn and overcome ourfears. But disasters can still wound us. They can screw us up and set us back. Wouldn*t it be nice ift

18、here was genuine, scientifically documented truth to the expression what doesn*t kill you makes youstronger11?way social scientists have probed the effects of career setbacks is to look at scien tists of verysimilar qualifications. These scientists, for reasons that are mostly arbitrary, either just

19、 missed gettinga research grant or just barely made it. In social sciences, this is known as examining near misses andwins in areas where merit is subjective. That allows researchers to measure only the effectsof being chosen or not. Studies in this area have found conflicting results. In the compet

20、itive game ofscience, has been done on scientists who narrowly lost or won grant money. Itsuggests that narrow winners become even bigger winners down the line. In other words, the rich get richer.A 2018 study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of for example, followedresearchers i

21、n the Netherlands. Researchers concluded that those who just barely qualified for a grantwere able to get twice as much money within the next eight years as those who just missed out. And thenarrow winners were 50 percent more likely to be given a professorship.Others in the US have similar effects

22、with National Institutes of Health early-career fellowshipslaunching narrow winners ahead of close losers. e phenomenon is often referred to as theMatthew effect fosp1red6y Bibles-wisdom diaf thos e who have, morete -given: Theres-a -good explanation for the phenomenon in the book TheTheLaws ofSucce

23、ss byAlbert Laszlo Barabasi. According to Barabasi, it*s easier and less risky forthose in positions of powerto choose to hand awards funding to those who*ve already been sois is bad news for the losers. Small early career setbacks seem to have a disproportionate effectdown the line. What didnt them

24、 made them weaker. But other studies using the same techniquehave shown theres sometimes no penalty to a near miss. Students who just miss getting into top highschools or universities do just as well later in life as those who just manage to get accepted. In this case,what didnt kill simply matter.

25、So is there any evidence that setbacks might actuallyimprove our career prospects? There is now.In a study published in Nature Communications,University sociologist Dashun Wangtracked more than 1,100 scientists who were on the border between getting a grant and missing outbetween 1990 and 2005. He f

26、ollowed various measures of performance over the next decade. eseincluded how many papers they authored and how influential those papers were, as measured by thenumber of subsequent citations.there was a much rate of attritionamong2021648scientists who didnt get grants. But among those who stayed on

27、, the close losers performed even betterthan the narrow winners. To make sure this wasnt by chance, Wang conducted additional tests usingdifferent performance measures. He examined how many times people were first authors on influentialstudies, and the like.Onereason close losers outperform narrow w

28、inners is that the two groupshavecomparable ability. In Wang*s study, he selected the most determined, passionate scientists from theloser group and culled(J1 what he deemed the weakest members of the winner group. Yet thepersevering losers still came out on top. He thinks that being a close loser m

29、ight give people apsychological boost, or the proverbial kick in the pants.Utrecht University sociologist Arnout van de Rijt was the lead author on the 201 8 paper showing therich get richer. He said the new finding is apparently reasonable and worth some attention.His ownwork showed that although t

30、he narrow winners did get much more money in the near future, the actualperformance of the close losers was just as good.He said the people who should be paying regard to the Wang paper are the funding agents whodistribute government grant money. After all, by continuing to pile riches on the narrow

31、 winners theare not getting the maximum bang for their if the close losers are performing just aswell or even better. Theres a huge amount of time and effort that goes into the process of selectingwho gets grants, he said, and the latest research shows that the scientific establishment is not verygo

32、od at distributing money. Maybe we should spend less money trying to figure out who is better thanwho, he said, suggesting that some more equal dividing up of money might be more productive andmore efficient. Van de Rijt said he*s not convinced that losing out gives people a boost;It may yet be a se

33、lection effect. Even Wang tried to account for this by culling the weakestwinners, it*s impossible to know which of the winners would have quit had they found themselves onthe losing side.For his part, Wang said that in his own exrience, losing did light a motivating fire. He recalled arecent paper

34、he submitted to a which accepted it only to request extensive editing, and thenreversed course and rejected it. He submitted the unedited version to a more respected journal and gotaccepted.In sports and many areas of life, we think of& ilures as evidence of something we could have donebetter. We re

35、gard theseas a fate we could have avoided with morecarefulpreparation, different training, a better strategy, or more focus. And there it makes sense thatfailures show us the road to success. ese papers deal with a kind of failure people have little controlover-rejection. Others determine who wins a

36、nd who loses. But at the very least, the research isstarting to show that early setbacks don*t have to be fatal. ey might even make us better at jobsGetting paid like a winner, ThaVs a different matter.Being a close loser could greatly motivate one to persevere in their research.awarders tend to fav

37、or researchers recoOized their reective s._Suffering early setbacks might help people improve their job performance.Research by social scientists on the effects of career setbacks has produced contradictory2021649It is not to the best interest of taxpayers to keep giving money to narrow winners.Scie

38、ntists who persisted in research without receiving a grant made greater achievements than thosewho got one with luck, as suggested in one study.A research paper rejected by one journal may get accepted by another.According to one recent study, narrow winners of research grants had better chances to

39、be promotedto professors.researcher suggests it might be more fruitful to distribute grants on a relatively equal basis.Minor setbacks their early career may have a strong negative effect on the career of close losers.cThere are 2 in this section .is by some questions orunfinishedstatements. each of

40、 them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on thebest choice and mark theon2 with a single line through thecentre.to 50 onpassage.Boredom has become trendy.to how boredom is good for creativity andinnovation, aswell as mental health. It is found that people more creativ

41、e following the completion of a tedious task.When people are bored, they have an increase in associative thoughtMhe process of making new connections between ideas, which is to innovative thinking. These are impressive, inreality, the benefits of boredom may be related to having time to clear your m

42、ind, be quiet, or daydream.In our stimulationfich world, it seems unrealistic that boredom could at all. Yet, there arevalid boredom may feel so painful. As it out, boredom signal the fact that you have aneed that isn*t being met.alwayson world of social media may result in more connections, but the

43、y are superficial and can t in hbuildin_a real se belonging. Feeling boredmay the desire for a greater sense of community and the feeling that you fit in others around you. So take the step of joining an organization to build facetoface relationships. You*ll find depth that you wont get from your sc

44、reen no matter how many likes you get on your post.Similar to the need forbored people often report that they feel aofmeaning. It*s a fundamental need to have a larger purpose and to feel like were part of bigger than ourselves. When people are bored, more likely to feel less meaning in their lives.

45、 Ifyou want to reduce boredom and increase your sense of meaning, seek work where you can make a uniquecontribution, or find a cause you can support with your time and talent.If your definition of boredom is being quiet,and reflective, keep it up. But ifyouYestruggling with real boredom and emptines

46、s it provokes, consider whether you might seek newand more significant challenges. These are the things that will genuinely relieve boredom andmake you more effective in the process.What have studies found about boredom?It facilitatesIt is a of doing boring tasks.2021 650It helps people connect with others.It does harm to ones mental health.What does the author say boredom indicate?A need to be left alone.A desire to be fulfilled.A conflict to be resolved.A feeling to be validated.What do we learn about media from the passage?It may be an obstacle to ones connections.It may get in the way o