醫(yī)學(xué)英語課件資料：腫瘤干細胞的微環(huán)境

1、腫瘤干細胞的微環(huán)境文章概述和主要用詞CSC（cancer stem cell）stem cell nichemicroenvironmentnicheTissue specific stem cells in normal organs maintain their stemness in a specific microenvironment, the stem cell niche; As observed in normal organs, CSCs may localize at specific foci, and cell survival signals might be sup

2、plied by niche cells壁龕；合適的位置（工作等）；有利可圖的缺口；生態(tài)位； 壁龕；小生境nicheThe integrin1-bright cells were found clustering instem cell nicheadjacent to the tip of the dermal papillae in normal adult abdomen skins and at the tips of the deep rete ridges in palm, whereas they were found in the bulge region of the hai

3、r follicle正常成人皮膚中，干細胞特異性標志integrin1強陽性部位在真皮乳頭尖上，散在或成團分布(于干細胞巢)； 在毛囊中位于其外跟鞘的膨大部分及球部；吳銀艷, 黃強, 董軍, 蘭青：干細胞niche 與腫瘤干細胞產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展的關(guān)系：Chinese Journal of Cancer, 2008, 27( 1) : 109- 112http:/dict_result.aspx?searchword=stem%20cell%20niche腫瘤Glioblastoma 膠質(zhì)母細胞瘤Glio- glia Blasto- imature eg. Neuroblastoma -oma tum

4、orOsteosarcoma骨肉瘤/成骨肉瘤Osteo- boneSarcoma- malignantDermatomaDermato-/dermo- skin部分詞匯介紹 周怡Dormancy n. 生物 休眠，冬眠；生物 蟄伏In terms of dormancy, cancer cells after the treatment with anticancer drugs produce insulin-like growth factor ,which can induces dormancy of cancer cells when released.Dormant adj. 休眠

5、的；靜止的；睡眠狀態(tài)的；隱匿的Nondormant adj. 處于發(fā)芽狀態(tài)的,非休眠的；蓬 勃生長的Hypoxia n. 醫(yī) 低氧；組織缺氧；氧不足 This suggests that improvement of tumor hypoxia and of poor nutrition by normalization of the tumor vasculature inhibits CSC activation, Hypo- deficient;below,under 低下-oxia level of oxygenCanonical adj. 依教規(guī)的；權(quán)威的；牧師的 經(jīng)典的，標準的，典

6、范的 Canonical Wnt signaling pathway mediated by -catenin is utilized in CSCs. Interestingly, cancer cells, possibly CSCs, possessing nuclear catenin, make a cluster and localize in the invasive front of the cancer together with myofibroblasts.Noncanonical adj.非經(jīng)典的Myofibrocyte n.肌纖維細胞In addition, it h

7、as been suggested that myofibrocytes differentiated from fibrocytes recruited into tumor microenvironment from the bone marrow express matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2 and 9 and induce malignancy of CSCs.Myo- muscleFibr/o- fiber -cyte cellMyofibroblast 肌成纖維細胞Megakaryocyte n. 組織 巨核細胞Recently, it ha

8、s been reported that megakaryocytes can support stemness of HSCs by supplying TGF, FGF1, and thrombopoietin.Mega- large,oversize 巨大Kary/o- nucleus 核-cyte cell 細胞Metalloproteinase n. 金屬蛋白酶myofibrocytes differentiated from fibrocytes recruited into tumor microenvironment from the bone marrow express m

9、atrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2 and 9 and induce malignancy of CSCs.Metal 金屬Protein 蛋白質(zhì)-ase enzyme 酶 常見詞的運用黃思思Dependence 依賴，依靠，信賴，癮例句：This might be due to a different dependence of blood vessel growth on VEGF in human and mouse tumors.知網(wǎng)：關(guān)系，相關(guān)性，依賴關(guān)系，依賴性Strategy 策略，戰(zhàn)略例句：effective strategies to inhi

10、bit stemness factors affecting survival of CSCs should be developed in the future.Way: 方法，方式，途徑 e.g. The New Way of Gene Therapy Through Recombinant .Method： 方法，法 e.g. Equivalent Noise Model Method Discriminate 判別，辨析例句：It is difficult to discriminate between mural cells and myofibroblasts based on c

11、ell surface molecules. distinguishDiscriminate against/in favor of 歧視，偏見Silence 沉默， 靜默 例句：that silences the expression of C-terminal binding protein 2知網(wǎng)： Inhibit 抑制 適當(dāng)退步，賦予中文詞以新意Educate 教育，培養(yǎng)，訓(xùn)練例句：cells in the tumor microenvironment including cancer cells become niche cells educated by CSCs. 教育干預(yù)？文獻

12、中詞根、詞綴介紹張禹heter - different, other. heterogeneous adj. 化學(xué) 多相的；異種的；化學(xué) 不均勻的；由不同成分形成的Fibro-fibreblast - germ, embryo, bud, cell with nucleusfibroblasts n. 基醫(yī) 纖維母細胞（fibroblast的復(fù)數(shù)）endo - inside endothelial adj. 內(nèi)皮的Leuk - whiteemia - a condition of the blood leukemia n. 內(nèi)科腫瘤 白血病hemat - bloodpoie - make he

13、matopoietic adj. 造血的；生血的Angio - blood vessel angiopoietin n. 血管生成素 neur - nerve neurogenesis n. 胚 神經(jīng)發(fā)生；胚 神經(jīng)形成pro - before, in front ofgnosis -knowledgeprognosis n. 醫(yī)預(yù)后，判病結(jié)局; 預(yù)測長難句子的翻譯楊慧華1Recently,it hasbeenreportedthatrestorationofadenomatouspolyposiscoli(APC)tumorsuppressorgene inhumancolorectalcan

14、cersdrivesrapidandwidespreadtumor-celldifferentiationand sustainedregressionwithoutrelapse最近，已經(jīng)報道，恢復(fù)性腺瘤性息肉病（APC）腫瘤抑制基因的在人類結(jié)腸癌推動迅速和廣泛的腫瘤細胞的分化和 無復(fù)發(fā)的持續(xù)回歸最近有報道稱在人類結(jié)腸直腸癌病例中恢復(fù)腺瘤性結(jié)腸息肉?。ˋPC）腫瘤抑制基因，能夠促使快速廣泛擴散的癌細胞分化并且無復(fù)發(fā)的持續(xù)恢復(fù)。sustained adj. v. 持續(xù)relapse v.n 復(fù)發(fā)2BasedontheanalysisofSLAMfamilymember,agroupof1011

15、cellsurfacereceptorsthataretandemlyarrayedatasinglelocusonchromosome1,ithasbeen reportedthatHSCsexpressCD150butnotCD244orCD48,localizeintheperi-sinusoidal vasculararea,andareinthe kineticstage基于SLAM家庭成員一組10-11個被串聯(lián)排列在一號染色體上單個位點的細胞表面受體的研究報道稱造血干細胞表達CD150但是不表達CD244或CD48，位于血管周圍血竇并處于活躍期基于SLAM家族成員，一組為10-11

16、的分析被串聯(lián)排列在單個染色體上的1細胞表面受體，它一直報道稱，造血干細胞表達CD150但不是CD244或CD48，定位在圍正弦血管區(qū)域，并且是在動力學(xué)階段Recentpublicationshave indeeddemonstratedtheexistenceofCSCsbyshowingtheircell surfacemarkersandtheir malignantbehaviors,suchastheir tumorigenic,invasive,andmetastaticabilitiesduetoaverysmallnumberofcells3近期的發(fā)表的論文證實了癌癥干細胞的存在

17、，它們的證據(jù)是癌癥干細胞表面標記物，和這些細胞的惡性表現(xiàn)比如致瘤性、侵染性，通過極少的細胞轉(zhuǎn)移的能力。最近的出版物的確通過展示他們的細胞表面標志物，并表現(xiàn)出腫瘤干細胞的存在，他們的惡性行為，如它們的致瘤性，侵入性的，并轉(zhuǎn)移能力因極少數(shù)細胞Duringtheoncogenicprocess,activatedNF-BdownstreamofSrcinducesinterleukin-6(IL-6), whichactivatesthesignaltransducerandactivatoroftranscription3(Stat3),resultingina positivefeedbacko

18、fNF-Bactivation4在癌癥發(fā)生過程中，活化的NF-B是Src的下級信號，誘導(dǎo)的白細胞介素6，白細胞介素6能夠活化Stat3的傳感器和活化器，產(chǎn)生對NF-B活化的積極反饋在致癌過程中，活化的NF-BSrc的下游誘導(dǎo)白細胞介素6（IL-6），該激活信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)和轉(zhuǎn)錄3（Stat3的）的活化劑，從而產(chǎn)生一個NF-B激活的正反饋IfCSCsdoexistintumors,dotheydevelopstochasticallyby genereprogrammingorgenemutationscausedbychromosomalinstabilityuponexposureto severe

19、unfavorableconditionsuchashypoxiaandmalnutrition?5如果癌癥干細胞真的存在，它們是否是由于暴露在極度不利的環(huán)境，比如低氧、營養(yǎng)不足等引起的染色體不穩(wěn)定進一步誘發(fā)的基因重組和基因突變隨機產(chǎn)生的？Moreover,MDSCsinducestemnessfactorsin ovariancancercellsbypromotingtheexpressionofmiR101thatsilencestheexpressionofC-terminalbindingprotein2,anegativeregulatorofSox-2,Nanog,andNotc

20、h,thusfinally resultinginmalignantprogressionofCSCs此外，MDSCs誘導(dǎo)卵巢癌細胞中的多能性因子，原理是促進miR101的表達，miR101又會沉默Sox-2,Nanog,和Notch的負調(diào)節(jié)蛋白C-terminalbindingprotein2的表達，因此最終導(dǎo)致癌癥干細胞的惡化6Thenumberofmacrophagesintumorspositivelycorrelateswithpoorprognosis,andthose macrophagesarecalledtumor-associatedmacrophages(TAMs)語病 一對二翻譯及寫作中的連接詞&主語從句問題徐菁連接詞不是句子成分，但是發(fā)揮重要銜接功能雖然并沒有什么太大使用規(guī)定，可也請務(wù)必不要像這樣或者像這樣再不像這樣而可以考慮However替換NeverthelessNonethelessWhereasDespiteIn spite ofOn the contraryMoreover/In addition替換Also As wellAdditionallyFurthermoreLikewise至于如何