Unit 3 Family matters 語法動詞時態(tài)講義-高中英語外研版（2019）必修第一冊VIP

1、2022新教材-外研版-必修一Unit 3 Family matters（動詞時態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時+現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時+現(xiàn)在完成時+一般過去時+一般將來時）附課堂練習(xí)題（一）：一般現(xiàn)在時（1）表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生或習(xí)慣性的動作以及存在的狀態(tài)。常與表示頻率的時間狀語連用，如 usually，often，always，sometimes，never，every day，once a week等。.He always goes to work by subway，他總是乘地鐵去上班。（2）表示客觀事實或普遍真理，也用在格言中。Light travels faster than sound.光比聲音傳播得快。.Pride

2、 goes before a fall.驕傲使人落后。（3）表示按計劃或時間表將要發(fā)生的事，其后常跟表示將來的時間狀語。The plane takes off at 4 pm飛機下午4點起飛。.When does the school begin？學(xué)校什么時候開學(xué)？（4）表示主語現(xiàn)在的特征、性格或狀態(tài)。Jenny loves music，珍妮喜歡音樂。She lives in a small apartment.她住在一套小公寓里。（5）一些表示心理意識的動詞，如know，understand，remember等，無進(jìn)行時，只能用一般現(xiàn)在時表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的具體行為。I still remembe

3、r the frightening experience on the island. 我仍然記得在那個島上的可怕經(jīng)歷。（6）在時間和條件狀語從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。Ill think about it when I write my report.我寫報告時會對此予以考慮的。 If he comes, Ill let you know as soon as possible.如果他來的話，我會盡快讓你知道。（二）：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時（1）表示說話時正在進(jìn)行的動作。常與now，right now，at present， at the moment等時間狀語及l(fā)ook，listen等標(biāo)志詞連

4、用。We are waiting for the subway at the moment.我們現(xiàn)在正在等地鐵。Listen！ Somebody is singing.聽！有人在唱歌。（2）表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行而此刻不一定在進(jìn)行的動作。常與表示一段時間的狀語連用，如 these days，this week等。How are you getting on with your classmates these days? 這些天你和同班同學(xué)相處得如何？We are studying French this semester.我們這學(xué)期學(xué)習(xí)法語。（3）某些非延續(xù)性動詞可以用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示即將發(fā)生的動

5、作。常用的這類動詞有 come，go，leave，arrive，start，finish， die等。這時句中一般有表示將來的時間狀語。They are leaving by train tonight.他們今晚坐火車走。We are starting work at eight oclock next month.下個月我們將八點開始上班。（4）表達(dá)特定的感情色彩?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時常與always，continually，constantly，forever 等表示頻率的副詞連用，表示重復(fù)的動作，常含有厭煩、不滿、抱怨、贊揚等感情色彩。試比較：She is always scolding her

6、children.她總是訓(xùn)斥自己的孩子。（不滿）She always scolds her children.她總是訓(xùn)斥自己的孩子。（事實）He is constantly doing good work at school.他在學(xué)?？偸浅煽儍?yōu)秀。（贊揚）He does good work at school.他在學(xué)校成績優(yōu)秀。（事實）【學(xué)法點撥】些表示看法、認(rèn)識、意識、感覺、情感、愿望或某種狀態(tài)的動詞一般不用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時， 如be，belong，believe，find，hate，hear，like，love，wish等。 一些動詞既可表示狀態(tài)又可表示動作，如feel等，表示狀態(tài)時不可用于現(xiàn)

7、在進(jìn)行時，表示動作時可用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。（三）：現(xiàn)在完成時（1）表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。常與 already，just，yet，before，recently，so far，ever，never， once等連用。They have already learned two languages.他們已經(jīng)學(xué)會了兩種語言。He hasnt made a remark on the structure yet.他尚未對該結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)表評論。I have seen the linguist only once this year.我今年只見過那位語言學(xué)家一次。（2）表示從過去某一時間開始

8、持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。常與表示一段時間的狀語連用，如 so far，up to now，for along time,for years,since 2010, in the past/last five years, these days等。Tom and Mary have been friends for years. 湯姆和瑪麗是多年的朋友。He has lived in London since 2000.自2000年以來他就住在倫敦。How many words have you learned these days? 這些天你學(xué)會了多少單詞？（3）在時間和條件狀語從句中代替將來

9、完成時。Ill go to the party as soon as I have finished my homework. 我一完成家庭作業(yè)就去參加聚會。I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes.除非親眼看到，否則我是不會相信你的。（4）在“ThisIt is the firstsecondtime that”句式中， that從句用現(xiàn)在完成時。Its the first time that I have come to Harvard University. 這是我第一次來哈佛大學(xué)?！緦W(xué)法點撥】現(xiàn)在完成時強

10、調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作與現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系，如對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響，它著眼于現(xiàn)在，通常不與具體的過去的時間狀語連用。He has given up smoking, but a year ago he smoked 60 cigarettes a week他已經(jīng)戒煙了，但一年前他一周抽60支煙。非延續(xù)性動詞，如open，go，come，die，leave，arrive， begin，return，stop等，其現(xiàn)在完成時的肯定式不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用，需要用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞替換。他離開這兒已經(jīng)三年了。He has left here for three years.(x)He has been aw

11、ay from here for three years.(V)He left here three years ago.(V)It is three years since he left here.(V)havehas gone to 到某地去了（現(xiàn)在還沒有回來）havehas been to 去過某地（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了）He has gone to Beijing.他去北京了。He has been to Beijing twice.他去過北京兩次了。（四）一般過去時（1）表示過去某個特定時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。He offered his seat to an old man.他把他

12、的座位讓給了一位老人。I had a nice encounter with that girl last week.上周我與那個女孩有一次美麗的邂逅。（2）表示過去某一段時間內(nèi)經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。When I was a teenager, I played table tennis almost every day.我十幾歲時，幾平每天都打乒乓球。（3）在時間和條件狀語從句中代替過去將來時。They said they would let us know if they heard any news about him.他們說如果聽到關(guān)于他的任何消息，他們就通知我們?！菊`區(qū)警示】一般過去

13、時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別：這兩種時態(tài)都談?wù)撨^去已發(fā)生的事，但現(xiàn)在完成時表示的動作與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系，或者對現(xiàn)在有影響；而一般過去時單純談?wù)撨^去的事，與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系。Tom ate an apple.和Tom has eaten an apple.以上兩句都表示“湯姆吃了一個蘋果”。但前者僅說明一個過去的動作，而后者則強調(diào)這一動作對現(xiàn)在的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，說明他現(xiàn)在不餓或不渴。Mr Smith lived in Beijing for five years.史密斯先生在北京住過五年。（現(xiàn)在不住在北京）Mr Smith has lived in Beijing for five years.史密斯先生已經(jīng)在

14、北京住了五年了。（現(xiàn)在仍住在北京）（五）一般將來時一般將來時由“shallwill動詞原形”構(gòu)成，表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與tomorrow，next week，in thefuture， in a few days 等時間狀語連用。I shall leave for London tomorrow.我明天要去倫敦。A simple test will show if this is real gold.一個簡單的測試將會證明這是不是真金。此外，還有以下表達(dá)法：（1） be going to do 結(jié)構(gòu)表示打算、計劃、安排做某事或有跡象表明要發(fā)生某事。What are you goi

15、ng to do during the summer holiday? 暑假期間你打算做什么？Look at the dark clouds! It is going to rain.瞧那些烏云！就要下雨了。（2） be about to do 結(jié)構(gòu)表示即將發(fā)生的動作，一般不與具體的時間狀語連用。Be quiet! The lecture is about to start.安靜！講座馬上就要開始了。（3） be to do 結(jié)構(gòu)表示按照約定、職責(zé)、義務(wù)或要求等即將發(fā)生的動作。We are to meet at the school gate.我們約好在校門口見?！菊`區(qū)警示】表將來的“be不定

16、式”結(jié)構(gòu)與不定式作表語英語中，“不定式作表語”和表將來的“be不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)是兩個不同的概念。下面看兩個句子：Her job is to look after the children.她的工作是照顧這些孩子。He is to stay here until we return.在我們回來之前他要待在這里。第一個是“不定式作表語”；第二個是表將來的“be不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。我們用最簡單的方法進(jìn)行區(qū)分，請看這兩個句子：Her job is to look after the children.她的工作是照顧這些孩子。（主語和表語可互換位置，句意不變）She is to look after the ch

17、ildren.她將要照料這些孩子。（表將來，可能是安排的任務(wù)）課堂練習(xí)1一、單句語法填空：1. After hard work, he finally_(fix) the car engine.2. Dont give up, and the opportunity_(wait)for us!3. I wasnt able to hide my eagerness when I_（ask），“What do you wish me to do now？4. The teacher_(select) five students to be volunteers so far.5. As you

18、go through this book, you_(find)that the author is full of enthusiasm for life.6. We wont start the debate until all the preparations _(make).7. Every Sunday night, it usually_(take)me half an hour to write a journal.8. In the last few years, thousands of public welfare organizations_(set)up.9.-I th

19、ought I had reminded you to take out the rubbish. -Oh, I forgot. I_（do）it right now.10. This song sounds professional. Lets go upstairs and see who_(sing).11. He is going to visit the famous author as soon as he_(arrive) in Beijing.12. This is the first time I_(come) to Rizhao and the delicious seaf

20、ood makes an impression on me.13.My brother_(play) badminton quite well, but he_（not play）it since last year.14. The little girl is very happy, because she (approve) by the committee.15. Orientation Day will be put off if it_(rain). 答案：1.fixed 2.is waiting 3.asked4.has selected 5.will find 6.have be

21、en made7.takes8.have been set 9.will do 10.is singing11.arrives 12.have come 13.plays;hasnt played14. has been approved15.rains 課堂練習(xí)2二、單句翻譯：1.Mr Smith_ _ _（總是在修）hissculptures when I go to see him on Sundays.2.Once you graduate from technical school, you_ _ _ _ _ （操作沒有困難）the machine.3.The new apartment building is similar to those that _ _ _ _（已經(jīng)建好）.4. Youd better write down the lines of the character _ _ _ _（趁著你還沒忘記它們）.5.This is the first time we _ _ _ _（看電影）in the cinema together to observe my sisters birthday.答案：1.is always repairing 2. will have no difficulty operating3.ha