最近更新日本地震新聞英文版41558026

1、ContentTOC o 1-1 h z u HYPERLINK l _Toc288044796 Japan Says 2nd Reactor May Have Ruptured With Radioactive Release PAGEREF _Toc288044796 h 1 HYPERLINK l _Toc288044797 Last Defense at Troubled Reactors: 50 Japanese Workers PAGEREF _Toc288044797 h 6 HYPERLINK l _Toc288044798 In Remote Towns, Survivors

2、 Tell of a Waves Power PAGEREF _Toc288044798 h 10 HYPERLINK l _Toc288044799 Japanese Stocks Rebound After Big Sell-Off PAGEREF _Toc288044799 h 13 HYPERLINK l _Toc288044800 Certainties of Modern Life Upended in Japan PAGEREF _Toc288044800 h 15 HYPERLINK l _Toc288044801 Precautions Should Limit Health

3、 Problems From Nuclear Plants Radiation PAGEREF _Toc288044801 h 19Japan Says 2nd Reactor May Have Ruptured With Radioactive ReleaseTokyo Electric Power, via Kyodo News, via Associated PressAt the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant, reactors No. 3, left, and No. 4, center, have been damaged.ByHIROKO TAB

4、UCHIandKEITH BRADSHERPublished: March 15, 2011TOKYO Japans nuclear crisis intensified again Wednesday, with Japanese authorities announcing that a containment vessel in a second reactor unit at the stricken Fukushima Daiichi plant in northeastern Japan may have ruptured and appeared to be releasing

5、radioactive steam. That would be the second vessel to be compromised in two days.The vessel had appeared to be the last fully intact line of defense against large-scale releases of radioactive materials, but it was not clear how serious the possible breach might be.The announcement came after Japane

6、se broadcasters showed live footage of thick plumes of steam rising above the plant.Yukio Edano, the chief cabinet secretary, said the government believed the steam was coming from the No. 3 reactor, where an explosion on Monday blew out part of the building surrounding the containment vessel.The re

7、actor has three layers of protection: that building; the containment vessel, and the metal cladding around fuel rods, which are inside the reactor. The government has said that those rods at the No. 3 reactor were likely already damaged.Earlier in the morning, the company that runs the plant reporte

8、d that a fire was burning at a different reactor, just hours after officials said flames that erupted Tuesday had been doused.A government official at Japans nuclear regulatory agency said that flames and smoke were no longer visible, but he cautioned that it was unclear if the fire, at the Reactor

9、No. 4 building, had died out. He also was not clear if it was a new fire or if the fire Tuesday had never gone out.（內(nèi)容日本說第二反應(yīng)器可能破裂與放射性釋放1最后的防御在動蕩不安的反應(yīng)器:50個日本工人6在偏遠的鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn),幸存者講述一波的力量10日本股市反彈后13的拋售現(xiàn)代生活結(jié)束也好,在日本15健康問題的預(yù)防措施應(yīng)限制從核電站輻射19歲日本說第二反應(yīng)器可能破裂與放射性釋放東京電力,經(jīng)由日本共同社報道,通過美聯(lián)社在核電站反應(yīng)堆黨首福島瑞穗第一3號(左)、4號,中心,被破壞。通過HIR

10、OKO TABUCHI和基思BRADSHER3月15日,2011年出版。東京日本核危機愈演愈烈,又與日本當局星期三宣布的包含容器的第二個反應(yīng)器單元在受災(zāi)黨首福島瑞穗第一植物在日本東北可能破裂并且似乎釋放放射性蒸汽。那將會是第二個容器,被泄漏,兩天內(nèi)。它有似乎完全完整的最后一道防線反對大規(guī)模發(fā)行版中放射性物質(zhì),但尚不清楚如何嚴重的可能違約可能會。該項命名公告是在日本廣播公司現(xiàn)場直播錄像中厚沖天的蒸汽升到水面上的植物。Edano Yukio,內(nèi)閣官房長官表示,政府認為蒸汽來自3號反應(yīng)堆,在星期一的爆炸一口氣吹滅了大樓的一部分周圍的包含容器。反應(yīng)器共分三層的保護:那幢樓;包含容器、金屬覆層,在燃料棒

11、內(nèi)反應(yīng)器。政府已表示,那些棒在3號反應(yīng)堆可能已損壞。在早晨早些時候,該公司運營植物報道說,有一個燃燒的大火是在不同的反應(yīng)器,僅僅幾小時后,官員表示大火已經(jīng)將星期二爆發(fā)了。一名政府官員在日本的核監(jiān)管機構(gòu)說,火焰和煙霧不再是可見的,但他警告稱,不清楚是火,在反應(yīng)器4號樓,都消失了。他也還不清楚如果這是一個新的火堆或者如果火星期二從未消失過。）There are a total of six reactors at the plant.The developments are troubling reminders of the difficulties the company is having

12、in bringing the plant, which has suffered multiple explosions since Saturday, under control. And the confusion is emblematic of days of often contradictory reports about what is happening at the plant.The company, Tokyo Electric Power, says it cannot know for sure what is happening in many cases bec

13、ause it is too dangerous for workers to get close to some reactors.The situation became especially dire on Tuesday, when releases of radiation led the company to pull most of its workers from the plant.One of the authorities main concerns are over pools for spent fuel rods at several reactors at the

14、 plant, including Reactor No. 4, where the pool has lost some of the water needed to keep the fuel rods stable. The rods are still radioactive and potentially as hot and dangerous as the fuel rods inside the reactors.Minoru Ogoda, the official with Japans nuclear regulatory agency, said a proposed p

15、lan to use helicopters to put more cold water into the pool was looking unlikely.He said Tokyo Electric would probably try to spray water into the reactor building through a gaping hole in the wall blasted open by an earlier explosion.（總共有6個核反應(yīng)堆的植物。事態(tài)的發(fā)展令人不安催的困難公司是擁有的將植物,它遭受多次爆炸從周六開始,在控制之下?；靵y的象征,是天的

16、往往是矛盾的報道在廠正在發(fā)生什么。東京電力公司說,它不能確切知道正在發(fā)生什么事,在許多情況下,因為它太危險了工人接近一些核反應(yīng)堆。可怕的情況變得尤其星期二,結(jié)果導(dǎo)致該公司發(fā)行的輻射拉它的大部分工人來自植物。當局的一個主要關(guān)注的是在池來用過的燃料棒在幾個反應(yīng)堆的工廠里,包括反應(yīng)器4號,在池子里的水已經(jīng)失去了一些需要維持燃料棒穩(wěn)定。這槓仍然放射性和潛在的熱的,危險的,因為燃料棒內(nèi)的反應(yīng)堆。山Ogoda,正式與日本核電管理機構(gòu)說,擬議的計劃用直升飛機把更多的冷水入池是看起來不太可能。他說,東京電力將會試著把水成核反應(yīng)堆建筑通過一個大洞在墻上敲開早期爆炸。）The hole or holes in t

17、he roof caused by that blast did not appear big enough to allow sufficient amounts of water in, he said.That explosion on Tuesday was caused by hydrogen gas bubbling up from chemical reactions set off by the fuel rods in the pool, Japanese officials said. Inspectors from the United StatesNuclear Reg

18、ulatory Commissionsaid they had been told by Japanese authorities that what was burning was lubricatingoilfrom machinery near the pool.Concern remained high about the storage pools at two other reactors, Nos. 5 and 6. None of those three reactors at the plant, 140 miles northeast of Tokyo, were oper

19、ating on Friday afternoon when an offshore earthquake with a magnitude now estimated at 9.0 shook the site. A tsunami rolled into the northeast Japanese coastline minutes later, swamping the plant.At least 750 workers were evacuated on Tuesday morning after a separate explosion ruptured the inner co

20、ntainment building at Reactor No. 2 at the Daiichi plant, which was crippled by Fridays earthquake and tsunami. The closely spaced but apparently coincidental explosions at Reactors Nos. 2 and 4 together released a surge of radiation 800 times as intense as the recommended hourly exposure limit in J

21、apan.But 50 workers stayed behind, a crew no larger than would be stationed at the plant on a quiet spring day. Taking shelter when possible in the reactors control room, which is heavily shielded from radiation, they struggled through the morning and afternoon to keep hundreds of gallons of seawate

22、r a minute flowing through temporary fire pumps into the three stricken reactors, Nos. 1, 2 and 3, where overheated fuel rods continued to boil away the water at a brisk pace.By early afternoon radiation levels had plunged, according to theInternational Atomic Energy Agency. Workers have released su

23、rges of radiation each time they bleed radioactive steam from the troubled reactors in an attempt to manage the pressure inside them, but the reactors are not yet releasing high levels of radiation on a sustained basis, Japanese officials said.這個洞與洞屋頂所引發(fā)爆炸沒有出現(xiàn)足夠大以允許足夠的水流中,他說。爆炸星期二是由于氫氣氣泡從化學(xué)反應(yīng)的燃料棒出發(fā)到

24、游泳池里去游泳,日本官員說。核查人員從美國核管理委員會說他們曾經(jīng)告訴我說,日本當局所燃燒是潤滑油從機械附近的游泳池。居高不下的擔(dān)憂儲水池另外兩反應(yīng)器,Nos。5和6。沒有什么辦法比上述三種反應(yīng)器的工廠里,140英里的東京,使用東北星期五下午,當一個離岸級地震于現(xiàn)在估計在9震動了網(wǎng)站。海嘯卷成東北日本海岸線幾分鐘后,淹沒植物。至少750工人被疏散在星期二早上拉斷了一個獨立的爆炸后在反應(yīng)器內(nèi)遏制建筑2號在第一植物,它成了跛子是因為上周五的地震和海嘯。但顯然同向排列緊密的爆炸發(fā)生在反應(yīng)堆Nos。2、4 .在一起發(fā)布了一個800倍激增的輻射強烈推薦每小時曝光限制在日本。但是50名員工,船員留在并不比將

25、會駐守在植物在一個安靜的春天的日子。在可能的情況下獲得庇護在核反應(yīng)堆的控制房間,它在很大程度上來自于輻射中掙扎,他們上午及下午來保持幾百加侖的海水一分鐘流經(jīng)臨時消防泵成三個受災(zāi)的核反應(yīng)堆,Nos。第1、2和3,在那里過熱的燃料棒繼續(xù)蒸發(fā)干水在一個輕快的步伐。下午早些時候已經(jīng)由輻射水平的大幅下降,根據(jù)國際原子能總署。工人們已經(jīng)發(fā)布了洶涌的輻射每次他們流血的放射性蒸汽從陷入困境的反應(yīng)堆,旨在處理它們,但內(nèi)壓力的反應(yīng)堆是沒有釋放高水平的輻射在持續(xù)的基礎(chǔ)上,日本官員說。 The United States military revised its plans as radiation from the

26、 plant worsened. Some American warships that had been expected to arrive at the tsunami-shattered northeast coast of HonshuIsland were diverted to the west coast instead because of concerns about radiation, the Navy said.The Navy also promised to continue relief missions even though several more hel

27、icopter crews were testing positive for low-level exposure to radiation, and even as American military personnel and their families at the Yokosuka and Atsugi bases were encouraged to take precautions against radiation exposure. Late Tuesday morning, Prime MinisterNaoto Kanwarned in a nationally tel

28、evised address of rising radiation.Mr. Edano, the chief cabinet secretary, urged people who live within about 18 miles of the plant to take precautions. “Please do not go outside, please stay indoors, please close windows and make your homes airtight,” he said.Yukiya Amano, the director general of t

29、he International Atomic Energy Agency, said at the organizations Vienna headquarters that there was a “possibility of core damage” at reactor No. 2, but that the damage “is estimated to be less than 5 percent of the fuel.”The sudden turn of events, after an explosion on Monday at one reactor and the

30、n an early-morning explosion on Tuesday at yet another the third in four days at the plant had already made the crisis at the plant the worst nuclear accident since the Chernobyl reactor disaster a quarter-century ago. It had become impossible for workers to remain at many areas within the plant for

31、 extended periods, the agency said. In Tokyo, the metropolitan government said Tuesday that it had detected radiation levels 20 times above normal over the city, though it stressed that such levels posed no immediate health threat and that readings had dropped since then. The explosion in Reactor No

32、. 2, a little after 6 a.m. on Tuesday, particularly alarmed Japanese officials and nuclear power experts around the world because it was the first detonation at the plant that appeared to occur inside one of the primary containment vessels.Those buildings are fortresslike structures of steel and rei

33、nforced concrete, designed to absorb the impact of a plane crash and minimize radiation leaks. After a series of conflicting reports about how much damage the reactor had sustained after that blast, Mr. Edano said, “There is a very high probability that a portion of the containment vessel was damage

34、d.”Japanese officials subsequently said that the explosion had damaged a doughnut-shaped steel container of water, known as a torus, that surrounds the base of the reactor vessel inside the primary containment building.Ruptures in the torus are serious, said Michael Friedlander, a senior nuclear pow

35、er plant operator for 13 years at three plants in the United States, including three years at aGeneral Electricboiling water reactor very similar to the ones in trouble in Japan. But the torus is not as important as the reactor vessel itself, which has 6.7-inch-thick steel walls and 8.4-inch-thick s

36、teel for its roof and floor. The vessel is designed to hold very high-pressure steam as well as the uranium fuel rods.The reactor vessel has 20 safety valves that during a shutdown of the reactor inject steam into a million-gallon “suppression pool” of water in a steel torus immediately underneath i

37、t.“Imagine if you had a big pressure cooker and you had a tube off the pressure cooker into a big tub of water the suppression pool is the tub of water,” said Mr. Friedlander, a defender of nuclear power who is now a money manager in Hong Kong.Steam vented into the suppression pool from the reactor

38、vessel is not supposed to be radioactive. But it becomes radioactive, and potentially very radioactive, if the fuel rods in the reactor vessel above have begun to melt.The atmosphere in the primary containment building, around the reactor vessel and above the suppression pool, is supposed to consist

39、 of inert nitrogen, with no oxygen at all. An inert atmosphere is used in the primary containment building to avoid the risk of oxygen explosions with hydrogen if the reactor starts producing much larger quantities of hydrogen gas than usual. Hydrogen gas is highly combustible with oxygen.Hiroko Tab

40、uchi reported from Tokyo, and Keith Bradsher from Hong Kong. David E. Sanger and Matthew L. Wald contributed reporting from Washington.A version of this article appeared in print on March 16, 2011, on page A12 of the New York edition.英語 中文 HYPERLINK /# l # o 點擊朗讀 HYPERLINK / 復(fù)制美國軍事修訂了其計劃,因為輻射來自植物惡化了

41、。一些美國戰(zhàn)艦,曾預(yù)計到達tsunami-shattered東北海岸的本州島均轉(zhuǎn)往西海岸而不是因為擔(dān)心輻射,海軍說。海軍也承諾繼續(xù)救援任務(wù)的直升機即使很多更多是被檢測呈陽性,低級暴露于輻射,即使美國軍人和他們的家屬,在日本Atsugi基地都被鼓勵去防范放射線照射。早晨,總理周二晚些時候Naoto侃警告說在一個全國性的電視地址上升的輻射。先生Edano,內(nèi)閣官房長官敦促人們對居住在大約18英里的植物來采取一些預(yù)防措施。”請不要到外面去,請呆在室內(nèi),請關(guān)上窗戶,使您的家園密閉的,”他說。天野學(xué)長,Yukiya的總執(zhí)行官說,國際原子能機構(gòu)在組織的維也納總部,那里有一個“損失”的可能性在反應(yīng)堆核心2號

42、,但損害”預(yù)計將是少于5%的燃料?！蓖蝗晦D(zhuǎn)折的事件,發(fā)生爆炸,星期一將在一個反應(yīng)器,然后一次清晨爆炸星期二在另一個-第三個將在4天的在植物-早已在危機中的植物核事故以來最嚴重的災(zāi)害二十五年前切爾諾貝利反應(yīng)堆。它已經(jīng)變成不可能繼續(xù)保持在許多地區(qū)的工人在工廠內(nèi)長期出缺,該機構(gòu)說。在東京,紐約大都會政府星期二說,它已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)正常輻射水平的20倍以上城市上空,雖然它強調(diào),這種程度的威脅,不會構(gòu)成直接的衛(wèi)生,閱讀已經(jīng)下降了自那時起。爆炸在反應(yīng)堆2號,一個小后在周二早上6點,尤其是警告日本官員和核能世界各地的專家,因為它是第一個出現(xiàn)在植物爆內(nèi)發(fā)生的主要密封容器。那些建筑物是fortresslike鋼結(jié)構(gòu)和鋼

43、筋混凝土的膨脹罐專用于吸收的影響,一架飛機失事和最小化的輻射泄漏。經(jīng)過一系列的相矛盾的報導(dǎo)有多大的傷害,持續(xù)了反應(yīng)器的沖擊波,先生Edano后說:“這是一個相當高的概率,令部分包含容器被損壞?！比毡竟賳T后來表示,這次爆炸破壞了一個doughnut-shaped鋼容器的水中,被稱為一個環(huán),圍繞基地的反應(yīng)堆容器內(nèi)的主要遏制建筑。環(huán)的破裂情況較為嚴重,邁克爾說影視人類學(xué)社,一位高級核電站算子的13年,在三種植物在美國,其中包括3年的通用電氣沸水反應(yīng)堆非常類似于那些麻煩在日本。但環(huán)并不重要,重要的是將反應(yīng)堆容器本身,這已經(jīng)6.7-inch-thick鋼鋼墻和8.4-inch-thick為其屋面板和樓。

44、本船設(shè)計把握得很高壓蒸汽以及鈾燃料棒。有20的反應(yīng)堆容器安全閥,在注入蒸汽的反應(yīng)堆的關(guān)閉成一個million-gallon池”的“抑制鋼鐵環(huán)水立即在底下?！跋胂笠幌?如果你有一個大壓力鍋和你有管狀從壓力鍋變成一個大盆的水-抑制池是盆的水,”說,一名后衛(wèi)先生影視人類學(xué)社核電誰現(xiàn)在是一個資金經(jīng)理在香港。蒸氣池排入抑制從反應(yīng)堆容器不應(yīng)該有放射性。但它變成輻射性的,潛在的強烈的放射性,如果燃料棒在反應(yīng)堆容器上面已經(jīng)開始融化。小學(xué)里的氣氛,圍繞著遏制建筑反應(yīng)堆容器及以上的壓制游泳池,應(yīng)該由惰性氮氣,如果沒有氧氣。一種惰性氣氛中使用,以避免主要包含建筑的風(fēng)險與氫如果氧反應(yīng)器內(nèi)爆炸開始產(chǎn)生更大的數(shù)量比平常的

45、氫。氫是易燃和氧氣。在東京,Hiroko Tabuchi報道和基思Bradsher來自香港。大衛(wèi)大腸桑格和馬修。l .伊貢獻報告從華盛頓報道。一個版本的這篇文章出現(xiàn)在打印在3月16日,2011年,頁A12紐約的版本。March 15, 2011Last Defense at Troubled Reactors: 50 Japanese WorkersByKEITH BRADSHERandHIROKO TABUCHICorrection AppendedA small crew of technicians, braving radiation and fire, became the only

46、 people remaining at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station on Tuesday and perhaps Japans last chance of preventing a broader nuclear catastrophe.They crawl through labyrinths of equipment in utter darkness pierced only by their flashlights, listening for periodic explosions as hydrogen gas esc

47、aping from crippled reactors ignites on contact with air.They breathe through uncomfortable respirators or carry heavy oxygen tanks on their backs. They wear white, full-body jumpsuits with snug-fitting hoods that provide scant protection from the invisible radiation sleeting through their bodies.Th

48、ey are the faceless 50, the unnamed operators who stayed behind. They have volunteered, or been assigned, to pump seawater on dangerously exposed nuclear fuel, already thought to be partly melting and spewing radioactive material, to prevent full meltdowns that could throw thousands of tons of radio

49、active dust high into the air and imperil millions of their compatriots.They struggled on Tuesday and Wednesday to keep hundreds of gallons of seawater a minute flowing through temporary fire pumps into the three stricken reactors, Nos. 1, 2 and 3. Among the many problems that officials acknowledged

50、 on Wednesday was what appeared to be yet another fire at the plant and indications that the containment vessel surrounding a reactor may have ruptured. That reactor, No. 3, appeared to be releasing radioactive steam.The workers are being asked to make escalating and perhaps existential sacrifices t

51、hat so far are being only implicitly acknowledged: Japans Health Ministry said Tuesday it was raising the legal limit on the amount of radiation to which each worker could be exposed, to 250 millisieverts from 100 millisieverts, five times the maximum exposure permitted for American nuclear plant wo

52、rkers.The change means that workers can now remain on site longer, the ministry said. “It would be unthinkable to raise it further than that, considering the health of the workers,” the health minister, Yoko Komiyama, said at a news conference. There was also a suggestion on Wednesday that more work

53、ers may be brought to help save the power station.Tokyo Electric Power, the plants operator, has said almost nothing at all about the workers, including how long a worker is expected to endure exposure.The few details Tokyo Electric has made available paint a dire picture. Five workers have died sin

54、ce the quake and 22 more have been injured for various reasons, while two are missing. One worker was hospitalized after suddenly grasping his chest and finding himself unable to stand, and another needed treatment after receiving a blast of radiation near a damaged reactor. Eleven workers were inju

55、red in a hydrogen explosion at reactor No. 3.Nuclear reactor operators say that their profession is typified by the same kind of esprit de corps found among firefighters and elite military units. Lunchroom conversations at reactors frequently turn to what operators would do in a severe emergency.The

56、 consensus is always that they would warn their families to flee before staying at their posts to the end, said Michael Friedlander, a former senior operator at three American power plants for a total of 13 years.“Youre certainly worried about the health and safety of your family, but you have an ob

57、ligation to stay at the facility,” he said. “There is a sense of loyalty and camaraderie when youve trained with guys, youve done shifts with them for years.”Adding to this natural bonding, jobs in Japan confer identity, command loyalty and inspire a particularly fervent kind of dedication. Economic

58、 straits have chipped away at the hallowed idea of lifetime employment for many Japanese, but the workplace remains a potent source of community. Mr. Friedlander said that he had no doubt that in an identical accident in the United States, 50 volunteers could be found to stay behind after everyone e

59、lse evacuated from an extremely hazardous environment. But Japanese are raised to believe that individuals sacrifice for the good of the group.The reactor operators face extraordinary risks. Tokyo Electric evacuated 750 emergency staff members from the stricken plant on Tuesday, leaving only about 5

60、0, when radiation levels soared. By comparison, standard staffing levels at the three active General Electric reactors on the site would be 10 to 12 people apiece including supervisors an indication that the small crew left behind is barely larger than the contingent on duty on a quiet day.2011年3月15