第六周 學(xué)習(xí)資料

1、資料版權(quán)屬文亮所有，任何學(xué)員只有使用權(quán)，不得以任何方式轉(zhuǎn)借給他人，否則將追究法律責(zé)任第 第 頁英語第六周學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃第一部分 詞匯背誦1. interrupt intrpt vt&vi. 打斷（某人）講話；中斷（某人）行動(dòng)；打擾Dont interrupt me, children; its rude.別打斷我，孩子們，這樣做沒有禮貌。Shes studying for an exam tomorrow, so youd better not interrupt her.她在為應(yīng)付明天的考試溫習(xí)，所以你最好不要打擾她。2. anniversary niv:s()ri n. 周年紀(jì)念日Novembe

2、r 11th is her marriage anniversary.11月11日是她的結(jié)婚紀(jì)念日。3. upset pset vt. 使心煩；使（胃等）不舒服Do what he wants, or youll upset him.按他的要求做，否則你會(huì)惹他不高興。Eating fish sometimes upsets me.吃魚有時(shí)使我不適。4. appear pi vi. 出現(xiàn)；顯得There appears to be increasing support for childrens education.似乎有不斷增長(zhǎng)的對(duì)孩子教育的支持。A woman appeared at the

3、 far end of the street.一個(gè)女人在街那端出現(xiàn)了。5. ordinary :din()ri adj. 普通的；平凡的I strongly feel most ordinary people agree with me.我強(qiáng)烈地感覺到大多數(shù)普通老百姓贊同我。6. remove rimu:v vt&vi. 移動(dòng)，移走，開除As soon as the cake is done, remove it from the oven.蛋糕一烤好，就把它從烤箱里移出來。7. encourage inkrid vt. 鼓勵(lì)；激勵(lì)When things arent going well, h

4、e encourages me telling me not to give up.當(dāng)事情不順利的時(shí)候，他鼓勵(lì)我，告訴我不要放棄。8. measure me n. 測(cè)量；措施 vt &vi. 測(cè)量；估量Measure the length and width of the gap.測(cè)量一下這個(gè)裂口的長(zhǎng)度和寬度。We should take measures to deal with the problem.我們應(yīng)該采取措施應(yīng)對(duì)這個(gè)問題。9. creature kri:t n. 動(dòng)物，生物；人；創(chuàng)造物They believe that every living creature possesse

5、s a spirit.他們認(rèn)為每個(gè)活著的動(dòng)物都有靈魂。10. hire hai n. 雇用，租用；租金，vt. 雇用；出租vi. 雇用，租用；受雇When we were in Japan, we hired a car.當(dāng)我們?cè)谌毡緯r(shí)，我們租了一輛車。Our company hires 20 employees.我們公司雇了20名員工。11. respect rispekt vt.尊重；尊敬Show some respect to your parents.對(duì)你父母尊重一些吧。12. partner p:tn n. 伙伴；合伙人；配偶I need a partner to practice

6、English.我需要一個(gè)伙伴練習(xí)英語。13. total tut()l adj. 全部的The total number of the students reaches 1000.學(xué)生總數(shù)達(dá)1000人。14. attention ten()n n. 注意力；關(guān)心；立正！（口令）Pay attention to the result of the experiment.注意一下實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果。15. require rikwai vt. 需要；要求；命令A(yù)ll passengers are required to show their tickets.所有乘客都要交驗(yàn)車票。16. recite r

7、isait vt. 背誦；列舉vi. 背誦The teacher asked us to recite the poem.老師要我們背誦這首詩。He recited his complaints.他將他的不滿都一一說出。17. straight streit adj. 直的 adv. 直接地；坦率地Draw a straight line.畫條直線。18. scare ske vt. 驚嚇；把嚇跑 vi. 受驚n. 恐慌；驚嚇；驚恐Youre scaring me.你嚇著我了。19. occupy kjupai vt. 占據(jù)，占領(lǐng)；居??；使忙碌The hospital bed is occup

8、ied by his wife.那張病床由他妻子占用。Many men still occupy more positions of power than women.許多男性仍比女性占有更多的權(quán)力職位。20. journalist d:n()list n. 新聞工作者A fellow journalist once told me that if you are not writing every day, then you are an amateur. 一個(gè)同行的記者曾經(jīng)告訴我，如果你不每天寫寫，那么你是一個(gè)業(yè)余愛好者。21. frequent fri:kw()nt adj. 頻繁的；時(shí)

9、常發(fā)生的The two factories maintain frequent contacts. 兩個(gè)廠經(jīng)常打交道。22. guilty gilti adj. 有罪的；內(nèi)疚的Some people feel guilty after eating.有些人吃東西后感到內(nèi)疚。23. local luk()l adj. 當(dāng)?shù)氐?；局部的；鄉(xiāng)土的This incident was reported in the local newspaper.這個(gè)事故已在當(dāng)?shù)貓?bào)紙上登出。24. progress prugres n. 進(jìn)步；前進(jìn)vi. 進(jìn)步；進(jìn)行Youve made big progress rece

10、ntly.你最近進(jìn)步很大。25. breakthrough breikru: n. 突破；突破性進(jìn)展Scientists have made breakthrough in the research of cloning.科學(xué)家在科隆研究方便已經(jīng)取得突破性進(jìn)展。26. owner un n. 所有者；物主The dog ran down the street towards its owner. 那狗迅速向它的主人跑去。27. summary sm()ri n. 概要，摘要，總結(jié)In summary, the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.總之，優(yōu)

11、點(diǎn)大于缺點(diǎn)。28. blanket blkit n. 毛毯，毯子The blanket is dirty.這毛毯很臟。29. traditional trdi()n()l adj. 傳統(tǒng)的；慣例的The Spring Festival is a traditional festival in China.春節(jié)是中國的傳統(tǒng)佳節(jié)。30. scholarship sklip n. 獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金He won scholarship every semester.他每學(xué)期都拿獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。31. whale weil n. 鯨A whale is a mammal.鯨魚是哺乳動(dòng)物。32. eager i:g adj

12、. 渴望的；熱切的；熱心的He is eager to know what happened.他急切地想知道發(fā)生了什么。33. arrange rein(d) vt. 安排；排列；整理vi. 安排；排列；協(xié)商Ive arranged for a doctor to see him. 我已經(jīng)安排了一位醫(yī)生給他看病。34. separate sep()reit vt &vi. 使分離；使分開adj. 單獨(dú)的；分開的；各自的Their houses are separated by a river.他們兩家的房子被一條河隔開了。35. virus vairs n. 病毒There are many

13、different types of flu virus.有許多不同類型的流感病毒。36. accurate kjurt adj. 精確的We require grammar and spelling to be accurate.我們要求語法與拼寫正確無誤。37. lung l n. 肺Smoking does harm to peoples lungs.吸煙對(duì)人肺不好。38. harmony h:mni n. 協(xié)調(diào)；和睦；融洽；調(diào)和Man should live in harmony with nature.人類應(yīng)與自然和諧相處。39. stare ste vi. 凝視，盯著看 vt. 凝

14、視，盯著看n. 凝視；注視He stared at the screen, thinking about something.他盯著屏幕看，思考著什么。40. noble nub()l adj. 高尚的；貴族的 n. 貴族He is a man of noble birth.他出身貴族。41. receipt risi:t n. 收據(jù)I wrote her a receipt for the money.我為那筆錢給她開了張收據(jù)。42. specialist spe()list n. 專家He is a specialist in food.他是食品方面的專家。43. possess pzes

15、 vt. 擁有，具備；控制Some animals possess the characteristic of man. 有些動(dòng)物具有人類的特征。44. digital didit()l adj. 數(shù)字的This disk contains some digital information.這個(gè)光盤里有些數(shù)字信息。45. adventure dvent n. 冒險(xiǎn)；冒險(xiǎn)精神 vt. 冒險(xiǎn)The story is about a new adventure in Alaska.這個(gè)故事是關(guān)于阿拉斯加的一個(gè)新的冒險(xiǎn)經(jīng)歷。46. moral mrl adj. 道德的；精神上的；品性端正的n. 道德；

16、寓意Some say that peoples moral standard is declining recently.有些人說最近人們的道德水準(zhǔn)在下降。47. astonish stni vt. 使驚訝He was astonished when he heard that she had had an accident.他聽說她出事故時(shí)非常驚訝。48. accelerate kselreit vt. 使加快；使增速vi. 加速；促進(jìn)；增加Suddenly the car accelerated.突然車加速了。49. drawback dr:bk n. 缺點(diǎn)，不利條件；退稅He felt

17、the apartments only drawback was that it was too small.他感覺這個(gè)公寓惟一的缺點(diǎn)就是太小。50. invention inven()n n. 發(fā)明He demonstrated the new invention to us. 他向我們演示那項(xiàng)新發(fā)明。第二部分 語法學(xué)習(xí)非謂語動(dòng)詞（一）非謂語動(dòng)詞的概念非謂語動(dòng)詞在句中不做謂語，可以充當(dāng)其他的很多成分。非謂語動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成形式有三種：1. 動(dòng)詞不定式：to do 2. 動(dòng)詞的ing形式（包括現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞）：doing 3. 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞：done。所以實(shí)際上非謂語動(dòng)詞有四種：不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞

18、、過去分詞、動(dòng)名詞。四種形式的含義：不定式：表示目的和將來。現(xiàn)在分詞：表示主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行。過去分詞：表示被動(dòng)和完成。動(dòng)名詞：把動(dòng)詞名詞化，使之具有名詞的性質(zhì)，做名詞可以做的句子成分。非謂語動(dòng)詞的基本用法分類講解：1. 不定式（to do）1）作主語。不定式短語作主語時(shí)，往往放在謂語之后，用it作形式賓語。如：To see is to believe.眼見為實(shí)。（to see是主語。）It is right to give up smoking. （it是形式主語，to give up smoking是真正的主語。真正的語序可以寫成：To give up smoking is right.）戒煙是對(duì)

19、的。2）作賓語。不定式短語作賓語時(shí)，如果還帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語，往往把不定式賓語放在賓語補(bǔ)足語之后，而用it作形式賓語。如：He wanted to go.（to go做賓語。）他想走。I find it interesting to study history. （it 是形式賓語，to study history是真正的賓語。真正的語序可以寫成：I find to study history interesting.）我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)習(xí)歷史很有趣。3）作賓語補(bǔ)足語。如：He asked me to do the work with him.他叫我和他一起工作。（to do做賓語）注意：在feel，hea

20、r，notice，observe，see，watch，have，let，make等詞后的補(bǔ)足語中，不定式不帶to。但這些句子如果變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，就必須帶to。如：I often hear him sing the song.我經(jīng)常聽他唱歌。He is often heard to sing the song.他經(jīng)常被聽到唱歌。4）作定語。如：I have some books to read. （to read做book 的定語，修飾我有什么樣的書，是“要讀的”書。）我有些書要讀。5）作狀語，表示目的、原因、結(jié)果或條件。如：I came here to see you. （目的）我來這看你。W

21、e were very excited to hear the news. （原因）聽到這個(gè)新聞我們很興奮。He hurried to the school to find nobody there. （結(jié)果）他趕到學(xué)校發(fā)現(xiàn)沒人。“too + 形容詞或副詞 + 不定式”作狀語。如：He is too old to do that.他太老了，不能那樣做。另外，句子中有enough這個(gè)詞時(shí)，常用不定式作狀語。例如：The room is big enough to hold us.這個(gè)房間足夠大容納我們。6）作表語。如：My job is to help the patient.（to help

22、the patient是表語。）我的工作是幫助病人。To see is to believe.眼見為實(shí)。（to see是主語，to believe是表語。）7）作獨(dú)立成分。如：To tell the truth, I dont agree with you.跟你說實(shí)話，我不同意你。8）不定式與疑問詞who，which，when，where，how，what等連用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語等。如：He didnt know what to say. （what to say是賓語）他不知道說什么。How to solve the problem is very important

23、. （how to solve the problem是主語）如何解決問題非常重要。分詞的用法：（現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞 ）1）分詞用作表語The news is encouraging. 這消息令人鼓舞。The present situation is terrifying. 目前形勢(shì)令人驚恐。Please be seated. 請(qǐng)坐好。注意：(1) 有的用作表語的分詞具有形容詞性質(zhì)，有的甚至已轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞。(2) 現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞作表語的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞作表語主要表示主語的性質(zhì)和特征，而動(dòng)名詞作表語則主要是對(duì)主語內(nèi)容的進(jìn)一步說明和解釋：My job is interesting. 我的工作很有趣

24、。My job is teaching maths. 我的工作是教數(shù)學(xué)。 另外，動(dòng)名詞作表語時(shí)它可與主語交換位置，而現(xiàn)在分詞作表語則不可與主語交換位置：誤：Interesting is my job.正：Teaching maths is my job.還有，作表語的現(xiàn)在分詞不能帶賓語，而作表語用的動(dòng)名詞可以帶賓語(如上例)。2）分詞用作定語What disappointing news! 多么令人失望的消息!All these are required subjects. 所有這些都是必修課。注意：(1) 單個(gè)的分詞作定語可以置于被修飾詞語之前，但若是分詞短語作定語則應(yīng)置于被修飾名詞之后：T

25、here is a gentleman asking to see you. 有一位先生要求見你。 (2) 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語與動(dòng)名詞作定語的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時(shí)，它所修飾的名詞通常就是現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語，并且通?？赊D(zhuǎn)換成一個(gè)定語從句；而動(dòng)名詞作定語表示的是被修飾名詞的作用、用途等。比較：a moving truck 正在移動(dòng)的汽車(moving為現(xiàn)在分詞，與truck有主謂關(guān)系)a moving truck 搬家汽車(moving為動(dòng)名詞，說明truck的用途)a hunting dog 正在獵物的狗(hunting為現(xiàn)在分詞，與dog有主謂關(guān)系)a hunting dog 獵狗(huntin

26、g為動(dòng)名詞，說明dog的用途)3）分詞用作狀語(1) 表示時(shí)間：Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off. 見到貓，老鼠就跑了。(2) 表示原因：Being very weak, she couldnt move. 她由于身體虛弱而不能行動(dòng)。Hurt in an accident, he could not walk. 他出了車禍，所以不能走路了。(3) 表示條件：United, we stand; divided, we fall. 團(tuán)結(jié)則存，分裂則亡。Given more time, we could have done it better. 如果多給點(diǎn)時(shí)間，我們

27、可以做得更好。(4) 表示讓步：Although living miles away, he attended the course. 雖然住在幾英里以外，他仍去上課。(5) 表示方式：He earns a living driving a truck. 他靠開卡車謀生。(6) 表示伴隨：He sat in the chair reading newspapers. 他坐在椅子上看報(bào)。Dont you sit there doing nothing. 別什么也不干坐在那里。(7) 表示結(jié)果：He fired, killing one of the passers-by. 他開槍了，打死了一個(gè)過

28、路人。4）分詞用作賓語補(bǔ)足語He soon had them all laughing. 他很快逗得大家都笑了。I saw her being taken to the operating room. 我看見她被送到手術(shù)室。動(dòng)名詞的用法：動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞的形式一樣，都是動(dòng)詞原形加ing，但動(dòng)名詞相當(dāng)于名詞詞性，在句中做主語、定語、表語、賓語。1）作主語動(dòng)名詞是由動(dòng)詞變化而來，所以，動(dòng)名詞的意義往往是表示某個(gè)動(dòng)作或某件事情。例如：Cheating on an exam ruins ones character.考試作弊毀壞人的性格。動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)，對(duì)于一些比較長(zhǎng)的動(dòng)名詞短語，一般采用It is

29、句式來表示。例如：It is no use waiting for him any longer.等他是沒有用的。It is no good learning without practice.學(xué)而不實(shí)踐是沒好處的。2）作定語動(dòng)名詞作定語的情況并不是很普遍，一般只限于單個(gè)的動(dòng)名詞作定語，表示“用于的”或表示“處于某件事情中的”含義。例如：swimming pool 游泳池 reading material 閱讀材料walking stick 手杖sleeping child 熟睡孩子opening speech 開幕詞 listening aid 助聽器waiting room 候車室 run

30、ning water 自來水developing countries 發(fā)展中國家 working people 勞動(dòng)人民3）作表語動(dòng)名詞作表語的時(shí)候，特別要注意：不要與正在進(jìn)行時(shí)混淆。動(dòng)名詞作表語，表達(dá)的是“某件事”等。例如：His part-time job is promoting new products for the company. 他的業(yè)余工作是為那家公司推銷新產(chǎn)品。4）作賓語(1) 動(dòng)名詞跟在及物動(dòng)詞后做賓語。例如：He managed to escape suffering from the disease.他設(shè)法避免患那種疾病。Excuse my interrupting

31、you for a while.請(qǐng)?jiān)徫掖驍_你一會(huì)兒。Prof. Smith considered giving his students a reading list before they started the next chapter.史密斯教授考慮在學(xué)生們學(xué)習(xí)下一章之前給他們一份讀書清單。 (2) 英語中，在介詞后面也要用動(dòng)名詞作賓語。例如：Im looking forward to your coming next time.我期待著您下一次的到來。They are against using so many animals in experiments.他們反對(duì)用如此多的動(dòng)物去做

32、試驗(yàn)。He apologized for interrupting us.他因打斷了我們的談話而向我們道歉。 (3) 下列動(dòng)詞后的動(dòng)名詞雖然是被動(dòng)意義，但不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)：Your car needs filling. 你這車要充氣了。This city deserves visiting. 這座城市值得光顧一下。The problem requires studying carefully .這個(gè)問題需要認(rèn)真研究。The trees want watering.這些樹需要澆水了。This book is worth reading.這書值得讀。第三部分 本周習(xí)題（答案見下周學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃）1. Can

33、t you read? Mary said _ to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing2. There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. being following D. to be followed3. _ from space, the earth, with water _70% of its surface

34、, looks like a Blue Blanket. A. Seen; covered B. Being seen; covers C. Seeing; covering D. Seen; covering4. Have you had the nurse _ your sons temperature? A. to take B. taking C. take D. taken5. How do you like my motorbike? Its very nice, but would you _ park it here? A. not B. not to C. to not D.

35、 dont6. He will not come unless _. A. invited B. inviting C. isnt invited D. to invite7. How was the concert last night? It was _ . A. disappoint B. disappointed C. to disappoint D. disappointing8. Lets try _the work another way, for we should try _ everything done in time. A. to do; to get B. doing; getting C. doing; to get D. to do; getting9. I wish I could buy one of those beautiful dogs. Im afraid that they wouldnt allow _ in the hotel. A. you keeping it B. that you keep it C. you to keep it D. you keep it10. Tom apologized to me _ again.A. to be late B.