簡單句,并列句和復(fù)合句

1、 /141）2）Howmuch3）isit?Ishesixorsevenyearsold?Lucycanplaythepiano祈使句：Beontime,please!Dontarrivelateforschool!,cantshe?簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句句子種類：按句子的用途可分四種陳述句（肯定句、否定句）：Heisalovelyboy.ShedidnWorkhardbefore疑問句（一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句、反意疑問句）：Doyoulikeskating?4）感嘆句：Howhard-workingtheyare!Whatanicegirlsheis!Howtimeflies!按

2、句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種:一主語，一謂語1）簡單句：只有一個主語（或并歹0主語）和一個謂語（或并歹0謂語）。HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.TomandMikeareAmericanboys.并歹U主語，胃語主語，并歹皿胃語表并歹U。常用連詞有and,notonlybutalso，neithernor，then等。Shelikeswritingandoftenwritesarticlesfornewspapers.簡單句的五種基本句型（其他各種句子都可由這一種基本句型擴展、變化或省略而構(gòu)成。主謂:Heleft主謂賓:Henryboughtadictionary.主謂雙

3、賓：Myfatherboughtmeacar主謂賓補：Tommadethebabylaugh主系表:Heisastudent主語：句子說明的人或事物。謂語：說明主語的動作、狀態(tài)和特征。表語：系動詞之后的成分，表示主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。賓語：1.動作的承受者一一動賓。2.介詞后的名詞、代詞和動名詞一一介賓。補語：賓補，對賓語的補充。主補，對主語的補充。定語：修飾或限制名詞或代詞狀語：表示時間、地點、原因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和讓步。2）并列句：由并列連詞把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連在一起構(gòu)成。Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.并列句的分類TheteachersnameisS

4、mith,andthestudentsnameisJohnHecouldneitherreadnorwrite.Henotonlystudieshard,butalsolikessports.Hurryup,oryoullmissthetrainEitheryoudidntunderstandthis,oryouwerenotcareful表轉(zhuǎn)折。常用連詞有but,still,however,yet,while,when等0Hewasalittlemanwiththickglasses,buthehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinterest

5、ing.Tomwasnottherebuthisbrotherwas(there)表選擇。常用連詞有oreither-orotherwise等0Therewasnonews,nevertheless,shewentonhoping.表因果，常用連詞有so,for,therefore等。Augustisthetimeoftheyearforriveharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildarkHehurried,foritwasgettingdark.Helikedthebookverymuch,soIgaveittohim復(fù)合句：含有一個或一個以上從句的句子0

6、包含：名詞性從句(主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句)、定語從句和狀語從句等0從句就是一個從句在主句中充當一個成分，如主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語等0從句在句子中作什么成分就叫什么從句01.主語從句用作主語的從句叫作主語從句0(1)由what,whatever,whoever等代詞引導(dǎo)主語從句0如：WhatshelikesiswatchingthechildrenplayWhateveryouhaveheardmustbekeptsecret(2)that引導(dǎo)WhoeverfailstopasstheexamwillbedismissedItistightthatyoutoldhimth

7、etruth(3)由連接副詞whether,when,how,where,why引導(dǎo)主語從句如：如：Thequestionisthatwemustbegoodatlearningfromothers.ItlooksasifitWhythefirebrokeoutatnightremainsamysteryWhetherwecanhelpyouisadifficultquestionWhenthemeetingwillbeheldhasnotbeendecided(4)主語從句后移主語從句雖然可以放在謂語的前面，但是當主語從句較長而謂語較短時，常用代詞作形式主語，而把主語從句放到句子后邊0如：I

8、tisuncertainwhetherhewantstogoornotItturnedouttruethathehaddonenothingwrong2.表語從句用作表語的從句叫作表語從句，通常由that,what,where,why,ho等連接詞引導(dǎo)0引導(dǎo)表語從句，有時也用(1)if,whether,thatas,because,asif,asthough,lest引導(dǎo)表語從句sgoingtorain2）what,which,who等連接代詞。如：3）ThatiswhatIwanttotellyouThequestioniswhichoftheclasseswechoosetobetheex

9、cellentonehow,when,where,why等連接副詞。如：ThequestionishowwecanhelphimThatiswhyhehasbeenlate3.賓語從句在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句。賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞和主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞相同。賓語從句可以作及物動詞的賓語，作短語動詞的賓語，介詞的賓語。及物動詞的賓語Everybodyknowsthatmoneydoesntgrowontrees.短語動詞的賓語Pleasegoandfindoutwhen介詞的賓語thetrainwillarrive.Iaminterestedinwhatsheisdoing.否定的轉(zhuǎn)移Ido

10、ntsupposeyoureused我想你不習(xí)慣這種飲食。tothisdiet.Idontbelieveshellarrivebefore8.我相信她8點之前不會到。4.同位從句一般跟在某些名詞如answer（答案）,hope（希望），fact（事實）,belief（信仰）,news（辛肖息），idea（王意；觀念），promise（承諾），information（信息），conclusion（結(jié)論），order（命令）,suggestion（建議），problem（問題），thought（想法）等后面。Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere.Shetoldusherhopetha

11、tshewouldbecomeapianist.Hemadeapromisethathewouldnevercomelate.HehasntmadethedecisionwhetherhewillgothereIhavesmalldoubtwhetherheissuitableforthejob.Ihavenoideawhatheisdoingnow.Itsaquestionhowhedidit5.狀語從句地點狀語從句。地點狀語從句通常由WhereverIamIwillbewhere,wherever引導(dǎo)。thinkingofyou.方式狀語從句通常由方式狀語從句as,(just)asso，a

12、sif,asthough引導(dǎo)。1)as,(just)assoAlwaysdototheothersasyouwouldbedoneby.你希望人家怎樣待你，你就要怎樣待人。Aswateristofish,soairistoman.我們離不開空氣，猶如魚兒離不開水。Justaswesweepourrooms,soweshouldsweepbackwardideasfromourminds.正如打掃房屋一樣，我們也要掃除我們頭腦中落后的東西。2）asif,asthough兩者的意義和用法相同，引出的狀語從句謂語多用虛擬語氣，表示與事實相反，有時也用陳述語氣，表示所說情況是事實或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較大。漢

13、譯常作仿佛似的，好像似的，Theycompletelyignorethesefactsasif（asthough）theyneverexisted.他們完全忽略了這些事實，就仿佛它不存在似的。（與事實相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。）Helooksasif（asthough）hehadbeenhitbylighting.他那樣子就像被雷擊了似的。（與事實相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。）Itlooksasiftheweathermaypickupverysoon.看來天氣很快就會好起來。（實現(xiàn)的可能性較大，謂語用陳述語氣。）原因狀語從句Becauseheisveryhard-working,hepassedthe

14、exam.目的狀語從句表示目的狀語的從句可以由that,sothat,inorderthat,incase等詞引導(dǎo)Youmustspeakloudersothat/inorderthatyoucanbeheardbyall.Bettertakemoreclothesincasetheweatheriscold.結(jié)果狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句常由so-that或suchthat引導(dǎo):Theboyissoyoungthathecantgotoschool.Heissuchayoungboythathecantgotoschool條件狀語從句連接詞主要有if,unless,as/solongas,onco

15、nditionthat等。if引導(dǎo)的條件句有真實條件句和非真實條件句兩種。非真實條件句已在虛擬語氣中闡述。LetsgooutforawalkunlessyouaretootiredIfyouarenottootired,letsgooutforawalk.讓步狀語從句Althoughitsraining,theyarestillworkinginthefieldWellmakeatripeventhoughtheweatherisbad.Whetheryoubelieveitornot,itistrue.Nomatterwhathappened,hewouldnotmindWhateverha

16、ppened,hewouldnotmind時間狀語從句由時間連接詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句叫做時間狀語從句。1.由when,while,just,justas,as,after,before,since,until,assoonWhenyouthinkyouknownothing,thenyoubegintoknowsomething.（自己一無所知的時候，你就是在開始知道一些事物了。）as弓I導(dǎo)的時問狀語從句。當你以為Youcanfeeltheairmovingasyourhandpushesthroughit.（的時候，你就能感覺到空氣在流動。）當你的手在空氣中揮動Ourheadmasterlaug

17、hedasshespoke.（我們的校長邊談邊笑。她進來時，我停止吃飯。Whenshecamein,IstoppedeatingWhilemywifewasreadingthenewspaper,IwaswatchingTV.我們總是邊走邊唱。（as表示“一邊瞬時動詞）Wealwayssingaswewalk.一邊”）Asweweregoingout,itbegantosnow.當我們出門時，開始下雪了個動作緊接著先后發(fā)生，而不強調(diào)開始下雪的特定時間）as強調(diào)句中兩Ididntgotobeduntil（till）myfathercameback直到我父親回來我才上床睡覺。Itwasnotunt

18、ilthemeetingwasoverthathebegantoteachmeEnglish之后他才開始教我英語Iworkeduntilhecameback.我工作到他回來為止。直至U散會Hewillcallyouassoonashearrivesthere.2.由before和after引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句Itwillbefourdaysbeforetheycomeback.他們要過四天才能回來MyfatherhadleftforCanadajustbeforetheletterarrived.我父親恰好在信到之前去加拿大了Afteryouthinkitover,pleaseletmeknow

19、whatyoudecide你仔細考慮過以后,告訴我你是怎樣決定的Afterwehadfinishedthework,wewenthome過去完成時，主句用一般過去時）完成工作之后，我們回家了（從句用3.由bythetime引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。注意時態(tài)的變化：在一般情況下,如果主句的謂到你回來時，我已經(jīng)寫完這本書你明天來這兒語動詞用一般過去時，從句的謂語動詞用過去完成時；如果主句的謂語動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時，從句的謂語動詞用將來完成時（主將從現(xiàn)）。Bythetimeyoucameback,Ihadfinishedthisbook.了。Bythetimeyoucomeheretomorrow,Iwill

20、havefinishedthiswork的時候，我將已經(jīng)完成此工作了。4.由eachtime,everytime和whenever弓I導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。EachtimehecametoHarbin,hewouldcallonme.他每次來哈爾濱，總是來看我。Wheneverthatmansays“Totellthetruth”,Isuspectthathesabouttotellalie每當那個人說“說實在話”的時候，我猜想他就要說謊了。YougrowyoungereverytimeIseeyou.每次遇到你，見你更年輕了llbeabletofinishit.練習(xí)1初中部分1.Givemeon

21、emoreminuteIA.andB.orC.ifItsthethirdtimethatJohnhasbeenlate,?A.hasntheB.isntheC.isntitjoyfulhewastomeethisbrotheragain!D.soD.hasntit4.Letuspass,?A.shantweB.shallwe5.Isupposehesserious,A.doIB.dontID.WhatanC.wontweD.willyouC.isheD.isntheYouhadbetternotsmokehere,?A.willyouB.hadyouTrainashardasyoucanyou

22、A.thenB.butC.shallyouD.haveyoullwintheswimmingcompetition.C.andD.orA.HowB.WhatC.WhataImsorrytohavetosaythis,youforgottoturnoffthelightswhenyoulefttheroomlastnight.A.andB.butC.soD.becauseJohnhasnotyetpassedthedrivingtest,and.A.HenryhasnttooB.HenryalsohasnoteitherC.neitherHenryhasD.neitherhasHenryothe

23、rsTherearemanysportsloversinhisoffice.Someloveclimbing,enjoyswimming.A.orB.forC.whileD.soDoyoufeellikegoingoutwouldyouratherhavedinnerathome?Idliketogoout.A.orB.andC.butD.so“isthetemperaturetoday?“Its38degrees.WhichB.HowC.HowhotD.HowhighYouruncleisntaneegh,ishe?.A.Yes,heisntB.No,heisntC.No,heisD.Hei

24、sfriendlytoeveryone!A.How,issheB.What,issheC.How,sheisD.What,sheisMarywenttobedearly,shefeltverytired.A.orB.soC.forD.yet16.Motheradresswhenshecutherfinger.A.wasmakingB.makesC.ismakingD.made17.Helayinbedreadsomethingborrowedfromlibrary.A.butB.andC.orD.yetIdreallylikesomelunchbutIhavesomuchworktodo.wh

25、atyouwantandIcangetitforyou.A.TellmeB.IfyouwouldsaytomeC.YouwilltellmeD.IfyoutellmeAsheisstrong,canliftonehundredpounds.A.yetheB.butheC.andD.he20.Ithoughtyouhadanumbrella.1had,Ivelostit.A.sinceB.butC.becauseD.so21.downtheradiothebabysasleepinthenextroom.A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnedD.Turn22.Idontlikechi

26、ckenfish.IdontlikechickenIlikefishverymuch.A.and,andB.and,butC.or,andD.or,butWouldyouliketocometodinnertonight?1dliketo,Imtoobusy.A.andB.soC.asD.butWouldyoulikeacupofcoffeeshallwegetdowntobusinessrightaway?A.andB.thenC.orD.otherwiseShesetoutsoonafterdarkhomeanhourlater.A.arrivingB.toarriveC.havingar

27、rivedD.andarrived“Cantyouread?”MarysaidtothenoticeangrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointed27.ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,infact,IwastalkingaboutA.whomB.whereC.whichD.while28.itwithmeandIllseewhatIcando.mydaughter.A.WhenleftB.LeavingC.IfyouleaveD.Leave29.Alice,you

28、feedthebirdtoday,?ButIfedityesterdayA.doyouB.willyouC.didntyouD.don?丄tyou30.himandthentrytocopywhathedoes.A.MindB.GlanceatC.StareatD.Watch15ACADD610BCBDC1115ADBCC1620ABADB2125DDDCD2630ADDBD練習(xí)2高中部分Excusemeforbreakingin,Ihavesomenewsforyou.A.andB.yetC.soD.butDontyouenjoyhelpingme?A.Yes,ImafraidnBL.No,

29、sureenough.C.Yes,Idoenjoyit.D.No,certainlyIdoInShenzhouVI,Chineseastronautsarenotonlyspaceshipdrivers,machinerepairersandscientists.tenoiA.soB.orC.andD.butSomepeoplewastealotoffoodothersintheworldhavenA.afterB.whenC.asD.whileStopmakingsomuchnoisetheneighborwillstartcomplaining.A.orelseB.butstillC.an

30、dthenD.sothatMr.Leeneversaidhehatedschoolwhenhewasachild,?A.washeB.wasnthC.didheD.didntheThereisnolightorsoundinthehouse.Theymusthavegonetothecinema,?A.didntheB.donttheyC.mustnttheyD.haventtheyTheywereplayinginthegardentheyheardascream.A.whileB.asC.untilD.whenMum,Ireviewedmylessonsforawholeday.Letme

31、playthecomputergamesforalittlewhile,?A.shallIB.canIC.willyouD.dontyousometeenagersdontrealizeisdifficultlifecanbeaftertheygetaddictedtodrugs.A.What;howB.That;howC.That;whatD.What;whata11.onaclearday,farfromthecitycrowds,themountainsgivehimasenseofinfinitepeace.A.IfwalkingB.WhilewalkingC.WalkingD.Whe

32、heregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyouremailaccount.A.WhatisrequiredB.WhatrequiresC.ItisrequiredD.Itrequires13.Theseshoeslookverygood.Iwonder.A.howmuchcosttheyareB.howmuchdotheycostC.howmuchtheycostD.howmucharetheycost14.Dorissuccessliesinthefactsheisco-opera

33、tiveandeagertolearnfromothers.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.why15.isoftenthecase,hesucceededinthisexaminationagain.A.WhatB.SoC.WhichD.AsTheyarediscussinginthenextroomwillgototheconferenceonbehalfofthemanager.A.howeverB.whoC.whatD.whomeverWasitunderthetreeyouwereawaytalkingtoafriend?Sure.ButwhenIgetbackthere,

34、thecarwasgone.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.whileTheybegantothinkaboutcouldbemadeofthesevaluablematerials.A.howuseB.fulluseC.betterD.whatuseAgoodadoftenuseswordspeopleattachpositivemeanings.A.inwhichB.towhichC.whichD.thatWecantbeartheideathatsomepeoplemightbebetterthanus,hardwetried.A.nomatterB.howeverC.asD

35、.whatItsbelievedthatparksaretothecitylungsaretothebody.A.whatB.likeC.thatD.which22.ourcountryhassomanygoodtable-tennisplayers,wehavetodecideonthebestonestotakepartinthegameA.AlthoughB.SinceC.IfD.WhileTheGrandTheatreislocatedononecornerofiscalledthePeopleA.whichB.whatC.theplaceD.thatmuchprogressyouca

36、nmakeinallyoursubjectsinthefuture,youshouldkeepmodest.A.HoweverB.WhateverC.WhatD.HowThenewsShenzhou-6spaceshipsafelyreturnedfromspaceonOctober17th,2005excitedalltheChinesepeople.A.whichB.thatC./D.whatthewindow,myfingerwasseriouslycut.A.HavingcleanedB.TocleanC.WhilecleaningD.WhileIwascleaningIdliketo

37、settledownsomewheretheclimateismildandthesunshinesallyearlong.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.whenMygrandpasowedtheflowerseedsinthegardenitwasthebesttimeforthemtogrow.A.whereB.whenC.thatD.untilTheyalwaysgivethevacantseatstocomesfirst.A.whoB.whoeverC.whomD.whomeverIwouldappreciateityoucanhelpmewithmyEnglishthi

38、safternoon.A.becauseB.untilC.whenD.ifIliketohavemyphotostakentherearemountainsandrivers.A.thereB.inwhichC.whenD.whereMrHopkinshasnotyetansweredmyquestionIcangowithhimtohecallstheUndergroundTreasureHousenextweek.A.that;whichB.that;whereC.whether;thatD.whether;whatWhenEdisoninventedthelightbulb,hetrie

39、dover2000experimentshegotittowork.A.asB.afterC.whenD.beforeIthoughthewasawarm-heartedandtrustworthypersonImethim.A.firsttimeB.forthefirsttimeC.thefirsttimeD.bythefirsttimeHowdoyoufindthenewjob?IdontcarewhatitisIcanmakealiving.A.unlessB.evenifC.whileD.aslongasIwasadvisedtoarrangeforinsuranceIneededme

40、dicaltreatment.A.neverthelessB.althoughC.incaseD.sothatHeneversaidthathewasgoodatmathematics,?A.washeB.wasnthC.didheD.didntheIfyouwanthelpmoneyoranything,letmeknow,you?A.dontB.willC.shallD.doIremindedyounottoforgettheappointment.A.SoyoudidB.SoIdonotC.SodidyouD.SodoIandIllgettheworkfinished.A.Haveone

41、morehourB.OnemorehourC.GivenonemorehourD.IfIhaveonemorehourAcleanenvironmentcanhelpthecitybidfortheOlympics,whichwillpromoteitseconomicdevelopmentA.innatureB.inreturnC.inturnD.infactAtthefootofthemountain.A.avillagelieB.liesavillageC.doesavillagelieD.lyingavillageMrsBlackdoesntbeheve;onisabletodesig

42、nadigitalcamera,?A.isheB.isntheC.doesntsheD.doessheFishingishisfavoritehobby,and.A.hedliketocollectcoinsaswellhefeelslikecollectingcoins,tootocollectcoinsisalsohishobbycollectingcoinsalsogiveshimgreatpleasureAnawfulaccident,however,occurtheotherday.A.doesB.didC.hastoD.hadtosomeofthisjuiceperhapsyoul

43、llikeit.A.TryingB.TryC.TotryD.HavetriedTherearentmanycafes,andletsstopatthenextplacewesee,A.arethereB.willyouC.shallweD.dontyouDoyouwanttobealotoftreesaroundyourcottage?A.itB.thereC.thatD.oneTheprojectwasntdifficafhim,wasit?.Heshouldhavebeengivenamoredifficultone.A.No,itwasB.Yes,itwasC.Yes,itwasnD.N

44、o,itwasnt50.itornot,hisdiscoveryhascreatedastirinscientificcircles.A.TobelieveB.BelievedC.BelievingD.BelieveThepooryoungmanisreadytoaccepthelphecanget.A.whicheverB.howeverC.whateverD.wheneverIdliketoarrive20minutesearlyIcanhavetimeforacupoftea.A.assoonasB.asaresultC.incaseD.sothatItwasanexcitingmome

45、ntforthesefootballfansthisyear,forthefirsttimeinyearstheirteamwontheWorldCupA.thatB.whileC.whichD.whenItisalmostfiveyearswesaweachotherlasttime.A.beforeB.sinceC.afterD.whenHespokeproudlyofhispartinthegame,withoutmentioninghisteammateshaddone.A.whatB.whichC.whyD.whileOneadvantageofplayingtheguitarisi

46、tcangiveyouagreatdealofpleasure.A.howB.whyC.thatD.heregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure-mailaccount.A.WhatisrequiredB.WhatrequiresC.ItisrequiredD.Itrequiresmadetheschoolproudwasmorethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.A.What;becauseB.What;thatThat;w

47、hatD.That;becauseItwasamatterofwouldtaketheposition.A.whoB.whoeverC.whomD.whomever60.,Ihavetoputitawayandfocusmyattentiononstudythisweek.A.HoweverthestoryisamusingNomatteramusingthestoryisHoweveramusingthestoryisNomatterhowthestoryisamusingAfterseemedhalfanhourtheteachergaveusthecorrectanswer.A.that

48、B.whatC.whichD.itWithoutfacts,apersoncantformacorrectopinion,forheneedstohaveactualknowledgehisthinking.A.whichtobebasedonB.onwhichtobaseC.whichtobebasedD.whichtobaseDoyoudoubthewillhelpusifweareintrouble?A.thatB.whetherC.ifD.thefactThereasonhedidnthavebreakfastthismorningwashegotuptoolate.A.forwhich;becauseB.which;thatC.why;thatD.why;becauseMr.Smithisdifficulttoplease.HeshowsnocontentwithIdo.A.whatB.whateverC.whichD.thatWordcomesthatfreesouvenirswillbegiventocomesfirst.A.nomatterwhomB.whomeverC.nomatterwhoD.whoeverThewholecountryisgoingforeco