句子五種基本結(jié)構(gòu)市公開課金獎市賽課一等獎?wù)n件

1、英語句子五種基本結(jié)構(gòu)陳凱恩第1頁一、 句子基本成份（members of a stentence）：主語 Subject 謂語 Predicate賓語 Object定語 Attribute狀語 Adverbial 表語 Predicate補(bǔ)語 Complement 同位語 Appositive第2頁 英語句子有長在短，有簡有繁，從現(xiàn)象看，似乎千變?nèi)f化，難以捉摸，但從實質(zhì)看，能夠發(fā)覺其內(nèi)在聯(lián)絡(luò)，找出其共同規(guī)律。英語句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)能夠歸納成五種基本句型及其擴(kuò)大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ)。 英語五種基本句型： 句型一: 主+謂 S+V 句型二：主+系+表 S+V

2、+P 句型三：主+謂+賓 S+V+O 句型四：主+謂+間賓+直賓 S+V +IO +DO 句型五：主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ) S +V +DO +OC第3頁基本句型 一主謂SV第4頁 該句型中動詞為不及物，不及物動詞詞義本身完整，不需要賓語補(bǔ)足其意義，但有些動詞詞義必須由一個狀語（不能沒有狀語）進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充。 Birds sing beautifully. He reads loudly. We go for a walk. Jim and Tom study together every day. She is studying hard at the university. They sit under

3、 the tree.第5頁SV(不及物動詞)1. Time 2. I 3. The moon 4. They 5. He6. He7. They8. The man9. We all 10. The little birdsflies. see. rose. talked for half an hour.walked yesterday .is playing.have gone.cooked. eat, and drink.dispeared soon.第6頁基本句型 二主系表SV P第7頁此句型句子有一個共同特點(diǎn)：句子謂語動詞都不能表示一個完整意思，必須加上一個表明主語身份或狀態(tài)表語組成

4、復(fù)合謂語，才能表示完整意思。這類動詞叫做連系動詞。除了Be系動詞外，還有一些動詞能夠用作系動詞，如：1.表示感官動詞，處于某種狀態(tài)。feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem, etc. 2.表示轉(zhuǎn)變改變動詞，狀態(tài)改變. become, get, grow, turn, go, etc.第8頁SV（謂語）P（表語）We This is The dinner everthing The weather His faceThe madicine The machine areissmellslooksbecameturnedtastes goesCh

5、inese.an English book.good.different.warmer.red.awfulwrong.第9頁基本句型 三主謂賓SV O第10頁 該句型特點(diǎn)： 謂語必須為及物動詞或及物動詞詞語，賓語必須是名詞或者相當(dāng)于名詞成份。也就是說，謂語動詞不能夠表示完整意思，必須跟有一個賓語，即動作承受者，才能使意思完整。第11頁SV(及物動詞)O（賓語）WeI He He She Tom They Lily lovelike knowsenjoyslaugh atsaidatemade our country.musiceverythingreading.her.“Good mornin

6、g”.some apples.cakes.第12頁 注意一： 帶V-ing做賓語動詞有： suggest, advise,stop, enjoy, miss ,finish , mind,keep ,perfer, be busy, be used to, give up etc. She loves window shopping. I enjoy living here. I prefer standing. May is busy doing the housework.第13頁 注意二： 帶 to do 做賓語動詞有： offer, learn, intend, plan, deman

7、d, ask, promise, help，prepare，decide, determine，refuse， dare，manage，wish, hope, want, expect， fail，pretend，choose, seem, expect, hope, offer, agree, refuse, learn, help, plan, intend, etc. I want to help him. Mary decided to leave.第14頁基本句型 四主謂間賓直賓SV IO DO請觀察:1. I bring him a dictionary. 2. I bring a

8、 dictionary to him. 第15頁 此句型句子有一個共同特點(diǎn)：謂語動詞必須跟有兩個賓語才能表示完整意思。這兩個賓語一個是動作直接承受者(物或事)，另一個是動作間接承受者（人）。通常這一間接承受者用一個介詞來連接，當(dāng)動作間接承受者在動作直接承受者之前時，這一介詞往往被省略。朗誦： I give you help. Mary teaches us English. I will show him my passport.第16頁 I sent him a book. I brought May a present. I will tell you a story. She gave

9、me her telephone number. = She gave her telephone number to me. My father made me a kite =My father made a kite for me.第17頁間接賓語前需要加to 慣用動詞有: bring, throw, give, hand, lend, pass, read, sell, send, show, tell, teach, wish, write, refuse, pay, promise, permit, offer, owe, leave, allow, deny, grant, et

10、c.間接賓語前需要加for慣用動詞有： make, cook, buy, play, sing, bring, cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, order, paint, save, spare, etc.第18頁基本句型 五 主謂賓賓補(bǔ)SV DO OC第19頁此句型句子共同特點(diǎn)是：動詞即使是及物動詞，不過只跟一個賓語還不能表示完整意思，必須加上一個補(bǔ)充成份來補(bǔ)足賓語，才能使意思完整。賓語補(bǔ)足語：位于賓語之后對賓語作出補(bǔ)充說明成份，賓語與其補(bǔ)足語是邏輯上主謂關(guān)系，它們一起組成復(fù)合賓語。若無賓語補(bǔ)足語則句意不夠完整。第20頁SVDOOC1.We 2.They 3

11、.He 4.I 5.She 6.I 7.I 8.Mum9.I named madepaintedfoundkeeps foundwishtoldsawour puppyhim the wall the bookeverything him youusa catBaby.chairman.white.easy.in good orderat workto stayto study hard.running across the road第21頁練習(xí)題：1. Horses run fast. 主+謂2. We study hard. 主+謂3. I saw the children play in the park yesterday. 主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)4. Please pass me the salt. 主+謂+間賓+直賓5. the flower smells sweet. 主+系+表第22頁6.My dream becomes true. 主+系+表7.W