高考必考介詞的使用市公開課金獎市賽課一等獎?wù)n件

1、 介詞 Preposition（Prep.）一、定義：用在n.（或相當(dāng)于n.其它詞類、短語或從句）之前，說明其與句子中另一成份關(guān)系詞，又稱前置詞。二、分類：3種簡單介詞（Simple Prepositions） e.g. about, above, behind, besides, down, during, in, near, round, since, towards, with復(fù)合介詞（Compound Prepositions） e.g. from among, from behind, from under, inside, outside, within, without, int

2、o, onto, out of, upon, throughout 第1頁短語介詞（Phrasal Prepositions）e.g. according to, apart from（除之外）, as a result of, as for/to（至于，關(guān)于）, because of, due to（因?yàn)椋? in addition to（除之外，不但= besides, in front of, in spite of(盡管), instead of, owing to（因?yàn)椋┑?頁三、常見簡單介詞基本使用方法1.About 1)關(guān)于，相關(guān) I have not heard so much

3、 about him. I dont know what youre talking about. 2）差不多，大約 e.g. About 500 Ss attended the lecture. About when will you go abroad? 3）表示地點(diǎn)：在周圍，在附近，各處，處處 e.g. Trees are planted about the lake. They live somewhere about the Peoples Square. Dont leave your books about your desk. I havent any small change

4、 about /on me. 4）“即將”（近期未來）e.g. The film is about to begin. Its nearly 7:00. The train is about to leave.第3頁2.above 1）在上方 e.g.A bird is flying above the woods. There is a portrait above the blackboard. 2）（在數(shù)量上）超出 e.g. The man is not yet forty, but well above thirty.The number of new Ss this year is

5、above four hundred.3）（能力等）勝過，超越；因太困難、太好而不 e.g.The problem is above me. （這問題太難我不懂。） John is above all the other Ss in mathematics.第4頁3.across 1）在對面/對過 e.g. My uncle lives across my home. There is a bookshop across the street. 2）橫越，橫過 e.g.The little girl helped the blind man across the river.The tall

6、tree fell down across the street. 3）經(jīng)過 e.g. The revolution developed across the whole century.第5頁 4.after 1）在后（時間） e.g.After work/class, we went home except him.The day after tomorrow we will go to Shanghai. 2）在后面（次序） e.g. Please shut/ close the door after/behind you. 3）仿照，按照（引申意義） e.g.Read after me

7、 , please. Rewrite the following sentences after the model.A new church will be built after the old one. 4）追求（引申意義） e.g.What are you after? Oh, here is the thing Im after.If you run after two hares, youll catch neither. 第6頁 5.against 1）靠，倚，碰 e.g. The rain was beating against the windows. He put the

8、ladder against the wall.He was leaning against the window, reading. The man saw a hare run against a tree. 2）反對，禁止（引申意義） e.g.We are for peace and against war. Is there anybody against the suggestion? 第7頁3）違反，違反（引申意義） e.g.This sentence is against grammar.In the old days girls were married against the

9、ir own will.Nobody should do anything against the law. 4）頂著，對著 e.g.We played the first half （上半場）against the wind.Learning is like sailing a boat against the current(氣流). 治學(xué)如同逆水行舟。5）防范，準(zhǔn)備（引申意義） e.g.They saved fire wood（干柴）against winter. Man is fighting a battle against pollution.第8頁8.around 1）在周圍，圍

10、繞 e.g.She wears a necklace/watch around her neck/wrist.The earth turns /goes/ travels around the sun.2）在各處 e.g.He did a lot of travel around the country during the summer holidays.We showed our Japanese friends around our school.3）大約（時間、數(shù)量） e.g.around / about thirty years old A big elephant may weig

11、h around five tons.4）在那邊 e.g.Around the corner of the street, youll see a second-hand bookshop.（舊書店）第9頁9.at 1）表示時間、地點(diǎn)、價錢、速度、年紀(jì) e.g.at ten oclock at the school at the age of 40 at (a speed of ) 150 kilometres an hourPeople like to buy eggs from him because he sells at a lower price.Note: 表示價格時，at須和pr

12、ice連用，如只說詳細(xì)價錢，則用。e.g.I bought this dictionary for 60 yuan.2）表示動作之方向、目標(biāo)：朝，向 e.g. He threw a stone at a dog. The fox ran at the boy.3）處于某種狀態(tài)（引申意義） e.g.The two countries are at war. 4）表示引發(fā)某種情緒原因。 e.g. We are surprised at your success. They were sad at hearing such bad news.5）在號召，召集，請求下（引申意義） e.g. He wr

13、ote the letter at our request.第10頁11.behind 1）在后面（位置） e.g.The garage(車庫)is the house. He came out from the door.2）遲于，晚于，誤時/點(diǎn) e.g.The train is behind time.The plane was two hours time because of the storm.3）劣于，不如，落后 e.g. My old father is behind the times.Because of his illness, he is the others in hi

14、s studies.第11頁13.beside 1）在旁邊 e.g. He sat beside me at dinner. The citys largest stadium stands a lake.2）相比（引申意義） e.g. My English is poor beside yours.3）離題，與無關(guān) e.g. This is the topic for discussion. What you are talking about is the point.14.besides 除之外（還） e.g. We all went to Beijing our teacher. I

15、like mathematics, physics, besides English. Besides being the largest city in China, Shanghai is also the centre of industry, education, science and culture.第12頁17.but 1)除了之外( = except) e.g.They all liked the film him. No one me was in the office just now.I had nothing in the world but a million-pou

16、nd note.Notes: but prep.常是否定詞連用;but prep.可跟不定式。e.g.The hibernating animals have no choice but to lie down and sleep.I did nothing but watch TV last night.第13頁2）用于固定詞組中。 e.g.cannot help but do不能不；忍不住anything but根本不，決不nothing but只有，只不過是 but for要不是 I could not help but cry. 我忍不住哭了出來。My income is anythi

17、ng but large. 我收入絕對不能算多。She is anything but honest. 她決非老實(shí)之輩。This is nothing but a joke.But for the doctor, I might have died long ago.第14頁by 1)靠近，在旁邊 e.g.The new library stands by the river. There is a tall tree by the river.He was standing by the window, reading.2）由旁邊經(jīng)過，途經(jīng)，沿著 e.g.I go by his office

18、 every day. He passed by me without saying a word.3）用方法/伎倆 e.g.by bike, train, bus, plane, air, water, seaThe little match girl earned her living by selling matches.Rice seedlings (稻秧)used to be planted by hand.第15頁4）表示程度、尺寸、數(shù)量、時間 e.g. He is paid by the hour. Whats the time by your watch? In the 100

19、-metre race, John beat Dick by a shoulder.5）到時候，不遲于 e.g.Ill return the books to him by Wednesday morning.Hell certainly come by 5 oclock.By the end of last week, we had learned 15 units.6）依據(jù)，奉命 e.g.Never judge people by their appearance / what they wear.第16頁7）組成介詞短語 e.g. by and by （很快） one by one（一個

20、個地） day by day（天天不停地） step by step（一步步地） side by side（肩并肩） little by little（逐步地） by chance （偶然，恰巧） by heart（默記下來） by oneself（獨(dú)自地） by the way（順便提 / 問一下）第17頁down 1）往下 e.g.The boy fell down the stairs and broke his arm.It was almost dark when he went down the hill.2） up down城市、北、河上游、近處 鄉(xiāng)村、南、河下 游、遠(yuǎn)處 e.g

21、. They were swimming up /down the river. Ill go up to Tianjin tomorrow.Do you see the man walking down the street? Hes my uncle.非路面此高彼低，而是那個人離說話人而去。第18頁for 1)為了（表示目，指人、物） e.g.I came here for my pen. What are you doing that for?I bought the watch for my wifes brother as a present.2）贊成，支持（表示同意、愿望等） e.

22、g.We are for peace and against war.3）替，為，對于，供 e.g.I wrote a letter for him. (I wrote a letter to him.是何義？)Thatll be bad for your health.4）就而言 e.g.You look young for your age.第19頁5）表示目標(biāo)：去，向 e.g.Lets go for a walk /dinner. the train for Taiyuan6）限定于，供用，給 e.g.These tickets are for tomorrow.There is a T

23、V set, a telephone and other necessities. They are all for you.7）看成，作為 e.g.We took him for an honest man.8）因?yàn)?，因?yàn)榫壒?e.g. He was sent to prison for stealing.9）It is /was + adj. /n. + for/ of sb. to do sth.第20頁in 1）在范圍和空間內(nèi) e.g.in a village in a tree in the bed in the sun in the rain in her handThere ar

24、e many apples on the apple tree.2）表示時間：A. 在世紀(jì)，年月 e.g.in the 20th century in May, 1983 in the 1870sNote: in the thirties in his thirtiesA.在30年代 在他三十幾歲時B. 從現(xiàn)在算起若干時間以后。e.g.He will come back in two weeks. (how soon)C. 在時間內(nèi) e.g.Rome was not built in a day. （英諺:大器晚成）第21頁3）在某種狀態(tài)、境遇下；穿著某種衣服 e.g. He nodded i

25、n satisfaction. She is in white /blue /yellow /green /red.4）在方面 e.g.Im weak in English.In building socialism, we need to learn good experience from other nations.have some/ no difficulty /trouble (in)doing 5）表示方式、伎倆 e.g.in English in pen /pencil with a pen/pencilin a bus /train by bus /train on his

26、bike第22頁of 1) “”（全部格）。 e.g.the name of the book the map of Hangzhouthe legs of the desk the tail of a pig2）表示同位關(guān)系。 e.g.the city of Rome /Pisa/Tianjin Im sending my best wishes to the two of you for a happy life.3）用在表示數(shù)量、種類等意義詞組中。 e.g.a piece of chalk a glass of bear a cup of teaa group of Ss a kind

27、of food a lot of time第23頁4）表示動賓關(guān)系。 e.g.This book is helpful to my study of English. Parents love of children is most touching.5）用于一些比較級和最高級結(jié)構(gòu)中。 e.g.Of the two brothers which is the taller? 在中Of all the stars in the sky, the sun is the nearest to us / the earth.6)of 與age, height, size, weight, colour

28、連用時能夠省略。 e.g. I have a daughter (of) your age. We are (of) the same age, height, weight, size.第24頁on 1)表示接觸（不一定在上面） e.g.There are a few flies on the ceiling. I want to be a sailor sailing on the sea.2）在某天、某天早晨、早晨、晚上 e.g.on Saturday / Wednesday on Oct10th,3）引申意義“在進(jìn)行中”e.g.on fire on sale He is on duty

29、 now. They are on holiday in Dalian.第25頁4）關(guān)于，論及 e.g.On Practice實(shí)踐論 a book on English /radioHe is on the committee.他是委員會委員之一。 （屬于）Have you any idea on the subject? This book is on basic English grammar.A lecture will be given on how to use prepositions.5）（表示時間）在時候；剛一就 e.g.He said hello on seeing me.O

30、n hearing the news, they jumped with joy.On his (Kuntas) arrival he was sold to a farmer and worked in the fields.第26頁to 1）（表示方向）向，往；（針）對 e.g.I took my daughter to the zoo yesterday.Japan is /lies to the east of China.the way the factory fall the ground turn the left2）到，迄（表示時間、數(shù)量、范圍、程度） e.g.a quarte

31、r to nine to this day (直到今天)I think he is (from)30 to 35.第27頁3）（表示對比；比較）比；對 e.g.ten to one 十比一；十有八九2 is to 6 as 3 is to 9. 二比六等于三比九。4）按照，適合；伴隨音樂 e.g.maketo ones (own)measure 按照某人（自己）尺寸做She sang to the piano. They danced to the music.In competitions women perform some of their exercises to music, so

32、dance, gymnastics and music are all connected. 第28頁under 1）在下面（） e.g. He stood under a tree. book under arm 2）在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，指導(dǎo)，統(tǒng)治，控制之下 e.g.Under the correct leadership of the Party, the life of the Chinese people is getting better and better.They made a successful experiment the guidance of their teacher.3）（表

33、示主語情況、狀態(tài)）在修理、建造、治療中 e.g.under repair under construction.under treatment under discussion. 4）不到（表示年紀(jì)、數(shù)量等） e.g.The girl is under 10 years old.第29頁up(與down反義) 1）向上 e.g.Seeing a large bear coming towards him, the man quickly climbed up a tree.He went up the hill to see the famous church.2） up down城市、北、河

34、上游、近處 鄉(xiāng)村、南、河下游、遠(yuǎn)處 e.g.We first visited Nanjing, and then went up the Guangzhou-Beijing Railway Line.Just then, they saw a car racing at top speed up the road.（汽車迎著他們飛馳而來。）第30頁with 1）用（工具、器械等） e.g.Most people write with their right hand.In this way, they killed two birds with one stone.He wrote the letter with a pen /pens. (詳細(xì)工具) in pen. （原材料）2）和，與，同 e.g.Yesterday he went to the cinema his father.3）穿，戴，有 e.g.He went t