高考英語閱讀理解主旨大意題解題策略技巧點(diǎn)撥

1、(圓滿版)高考英語閱讀理解之要旨粗心題解題策略及技巧點(diǎn)撥(圓滿版)高考英語閱讀理解之要旨粗心題解題策略及技巧點(diǎn)撥14/14(圓滿版)高考英語閱讀理解之要旨粗心題解題策略及技巧點(diǎn)撥高考英語閱讀理解之要旨粗心題解題策略及技巧點(diǎn)撥一、考題研究斬釘截鐵，提出主題,隨之用細(xì)節(jié)來解說,支撐或發(fā)展主題句所表達(dá)的主題思想，即最常有的演繹法寫作方式。Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illn

2、ess),cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smokerscough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?Todaytheproblemofenvironmenthasbecomemoreandmoreseriou

3、s.Theworldpopulationisrising,soquicklythattheworldhasbecometoocrowded.Weareusingupournaturalresourcestooquicklyandatthesametimewearepollutingourenvironmentwithdangerouschemicals.Ifwecontinuetodothis,humanlifeonearthwillnotsurvive.分清mainidea和supportingsentences首尾響應(yīng)為突出主題,作者先提出主題,結(jié)尾時(shí)再次點(diǎn)出主題,這類首尾響應(yīng)的寫作方式較

4、為常有。但前后表述主題的句子不是簡單的重復(fù),后邊的表述常常有進(jìn)一步的引申或發(fā)展的意味。(首段)ShuPulonghashelpedatleast1000peoplebittenbysnakes,“Itwasseeingpeoplewithsnakesbitesthatledmetothecareer.“shesaid(尾段)“ThesadstorytouchedmesomuchthatIdecidedtodevotemyselftohelpingpeoplebittenbysnakes.Shusaid.先表述細(xì)節(jié),后歸納重點(diǎn),印象,結(jié)論，建議或結(jié)果,以歸納主題。這是英語中常有的歸納法寫作方式1

5、)Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent.otherhand,nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessionalOnthecriminal.Andthemanwhoknows“everything”mayreallybetryingtohidehisownweakness.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance.onlyAhumanbodyappearstoberathersoftanddelicate,comparedwiththatofawildan

6、imal,butitisactuallysurprisinglystrong.Indeed,itsverysoftnessandloosenessisanadvantage;itmakesmangoodatmovingaboutmovementofalllivingthingsofhisownsize,becausehecandosomanydifferentthingswithhislimbs.Mansgamesshowhowhecancontrolhisownbody.Nootherlandcreaturecanswimasskillfullyasman;morehassuchvaried

7、grace;veryfewlivesaslongashe;noneissostronginitsnaturalresistancetodisease.Thereforemanhasagreatadvantageinhisbattleagainsttherisksofdamageanddeaththatthreatenhim.無主題句即主題句隱含在全文中,沒有明確的主題句.必然依據(jù)文篇中所供給的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)，進(jìn)行全面考慮，綜合分析，此后找出共同的東西，歸納成一般看法。必然注意的是，既不可以以偏概全，也不可以在歸納時(shí)過于廣泛，要恰到好處。Schooland,later,BostonCollegepro

8、videdhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?_A.HowJoshuaBinghambecamealawyer.B.Binghamisadiligentstudent.C.JoshuaBinghamreceivedanexcellenteducation.D.Agoodlawyerneedsgoodeducation.【分析】此文沒有主題句。全篇共四句，只陳說了四個細(xì)節(jié)(detail)性的事實(shí)。所以就答案自己看

9、，個個都對。讀者只好將全部的details綜合起來，進(jìn)行邏輯推理，才能組成一個沒有言明的主題思想(unstatedmainidea)。因?yàn)槲闹兄饕傲薐oshuaBingham接受教育的狀況，即作者想告訴我們的是：JoshuaBingham接受過優(yōu)秀的教育，所以答案是CIfyouwereplanningtobuyatelevisionset,thefollowingadvertisementwouldcertainlydrawyourattention:“ColorTV.Only$79.Twodayssale.Hurry.”hasanothermodel.Amuchbettersetwhic

10、his“justrightforyou”Itcosts$395.Thissalestrickiscalled“baitandswitch”.Buyersarebaitedwithasalesadvertisement,andthentheyareswitchedtoanothermoreexpensiveone.Buyingthingsonsaleneedscarefulconsiderationofthegoodsandthereasonforthesale.Theparagraphcouldbeentitled_.A.BuyerBewareB.Closeout(出清存貨)SaleC.Cri

11、mePaysD.BuyingaTVSet【分析】本段文字先從buyatelevisionset這一詳細(xì)案例入手，表述細(xì)節(jié)，詳說過程，得出“baitandswitch”這一結(jié)論。經(jīng)過解說結(jié)論，辨明內(nèi)在邏輯，最后提示人們要有carefulconsideration，也就是選項(xiàng)A。文章但是揭露銷售中的一個手段其實(shí)不是出清存活，所以不選B和C;而D但是用于闡釋結(jié)論的詳細(xì)案例。3)Readingtodogsisanunusualwaytohelpchildrenimprovetheirliteracyskills(讀寫能力).Withtheirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,

12、andunconditionallove,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence(自信心),accordingtoIntermountainTherapyAnimals(ITA)inSaltLakeCity.Thegroupsaysitisthefirstprograminthecountrytousedogstohelpdevelopliteracyinchildren,withtheintroductionofReadingEducationAssistanceDogs

13、(READ).TheSaltLakeCityPublicLibraryissoldontheidea.“Literacyspecialistsadmitthatchildrenwhoreadbelowtheleveloftheirfellowpupilsareoftenafraidofreadingaloudinagroup,oftenhavelowerselfrespect,andregardreadingasaheadache,”saidLisaMyron,managerofthechildrensdepartment.LastNovemberthetwogroupsstarted“Dog

14、DayAfternoon”inthechildrensdepartmentofthemainlibrary.About25childrenattendedeachofthefourSaturdayafternoonclasses,readingforhalfanhour.Thosewhoattendedthreeofthefourclassesreceiveda“pawgraphed”bookatthelastclass.TheprogramwassosuccessfulthatthelibraryplanstorepeatitinApril,accordingtoDanaThumpowsky

15、,publicrelationsmanager.Whatismainlydiscussedinthetext?A.ChildrensreadingdifficultiesB.Advantagesofraisingdogs.C.Serviceinapubliclibrary.D.Aspecialreadingprogram.【分析】文章開篇說明用狗幫助孩子improvetheirliteracyskills，提出itisthefirstprogram。在第二段借助專家見解說明閱讀能力遲后對孩子造成的影響，進(jìn)而說明提升閱讀能力的必需性，但是沒有表示閱讀的困難所在，所以A項(xiàng)不適合。文章在第三段以“D

16、ogDayAfternoon”實(shí)例說明Theprogramwassosuccessful，進(jìn)而突出答案D。B和C都過于廣泛，片面。二、實(shí)例操練(A)PITTSBURGHFormostpeople,snakesseemunpleasantoreventhreatening.ButHowieChosetseesintheirdelicatemovementsawaytosavelives.The37yearoldCarnegieMellonUniversityprofessorhasspentyearsdevelopingsnakelikerobots，hehopeswilleventuallys

17、lidethroughfallenbuildingsinsearchofvictimstrappedafternaturaldisastersorotheremergencies.DanKaraispresidentofRoboticsTrends,aNorthboro,Mass.basedcompanythatpublishesanonlineindustrymagazineandrunsroboticstradeshows.Hesaidthereareothersnakelikerobotsbeingdeveloped,mainlyatuniversities,butdidntknowof

18、onethatcouldclimbpipes.TheCarnegieMellonmachinesaredesignedtocarrycamerasandelectronicsensorsandcanbecontrolledwithajoystick(控制桿).Theymovesmoothlywiththehelpofsmallelectricmotors,orservos,commonlyusedbyhobbyistsinmodelairplanes.Builtfromlightweightmaterials,therobotsareaboutthesizeofahumanarmorsmall

19、er.Theycansensewhichwayisup,butareonlyasgoodastheirhumanoperators,Chosetadded.SamStover,asearchtermmanagerwiththeFederalEmergencyManagementAgencybasedinIndiana,saidsnaketyperobotswouldoffergreatermobilitythanequipmentcurrentlyavailable,suchascamerasattachedtoextendableroles.“Itjustallowsustodosometh

20、ingwevenotbeenabletodobefore,”Stoversaid,“Weneededthemyesterday.”Hesaidsnifferdogsarestillthebestsearchtoolforrescueworkers,butthattheycanonlybeusedeffectivelywhenworkershaveaccesstodamagedbuilding.Stover,amongtherescueworkerswhohandledtheaftermath(結(jié)果)ofHurricaneKatrina,saidsnakerobotswouldhavehelpe

21、drescuerssearchfloodedhousesinthatdisaster.Chosetsaidtherobotsmaynotbereadyforuseforanotherfivetotenyears,dependingonfunding.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Snakelikerobotsusedinindustries.B.Snakelikerobotsmadetoaidinrescues.C.Thedevelopmentofsnakelikerobots.D.Theworkingprinciplesofsnakelikerobots.【分析】答案

22、：B。該題是察看文章的要旨粗心。文章的第一段但是引出這一話題，第二段才是本文的主題，第二段中提到Choest講究snakelikerobots是因?yàn)閔ehopeswilleventuallythroughfallenbuildingsinsearchofvictimstrappedafterslidenaturaldisastersorotheremergencies，由此可知，Choset研究蛇形機(jī)器人的目的是為了在自然災(zāi)禍或其余的緊迫事故中起作用。(B)Therearemanyfamousmuseumsthroughouttheworldwherepeoplecanenjoyart.Was

23、hingtonD.C.,theUS,hastheNationalGalleryofArtarishastheLouver,London,theBritishMuseum.FloridaInternationalUniversity(FIU)inMiami,heUSalsoshowsartforvisitorstosee.Anditdoessowithoutabuilding,orevenawallforitsdrawingsandpaintings.FIUhasopenedwhatitsaysisthefirstcomputerartmuseumintheUnitedStates.Youdon

24、thavetovisittheUniversitytoseetheart.Youjustneedacomputerlinkedtoatelephone.Youcancallthetelephonenumberofauniversitycomputerandconnectyourowncomputertoit.Alloftheartisstoredintheschoolcomputer.Itiscomputerart,producedelectronicallybyartistsontheirowncomputers.Inonlyafewminutes,yourcomputercanreceiv

25、eandcopyallthepicturesanddrawings.RobertShostakisdirectorofthenewcomputermuseum.Hesayshestartedthemuseumbecausecomputerartistshadnoplacetoshowtheirwork.Acomputerartistcouldrecordhispictureselectronicallyandsendtherecords,orfloppydiscs,tootherstoseeontheircomputers.Hecouldalsoputhispicturesonpaper,of

26、course.Buttoprintgoodpicturesonpaper,thecomputerartistneededanexpensivelaserprinter.numberofhomecomputersinAmericacouldmeanahugeaudienceforhiselectronicmuseum.Themainpurposeofthistextistogiveinformationabout_.A.famousmuseumsthroughouttheworldB.anelectronicartmuseuminMiami,U.S.A.C.artexhibitionsinFlo

27、ridaInternationalUniversityD.latestdevelopmentincomputerart【分析】答案：B。命題企圖：此題主要察看學(xué)生的歸納歸納能力。此題錯選C、D兩項(xiàng)的學(xué)生好多，原由是只抓住了文章中的只言片語，而忽略了前兩段文字在文中的作用及貫串文章素來的museum一詞。解題方法與技巧：(1)通讀全文，抓住每段文字的要旨粗心，特別是文章的前兩段。第一段作者告訴我們?nèi)蛴泻枚嘤忻乃囆g(shù)博物館;第二段主要講FloridaInternationalUniversity新開的電腦藝術(shù)博物館。隨后各段就這家博物館的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者及博物館的運(yùn)作做了說明。(2)運(yùn)用除去法，將較具攪亂

28、性的C、D兩項(xiàng)除去去。C項(xiàng)錯誤在于artexhibitions;D項(xiàng)中只講電腦藝術(shù)的最新發(fā)展，與文章的前兩段沒法吻合，也沒有響應(yīng)貫串文章素來的“artmuseum”。(C)Humanlanguageisalivingthing.Eachlanguagehasitsownbiologicalsystem,whichmakesitdifferentfromallotherlanguage.Thissystemmustconstantlyadjusttoanewenvironmentandnewsituationtosurviveandflourish.Whenwethinkofhumanlangu

29、agethisway,itisaneasysteptoseethewordsofalanguageasbeinglikethecellsofalivingorganismtheyareconstantlyforminganddyingandsplittingintopartsastimechangesandthelanguageadapts.Thereareseveralspecificprocessesbywhichnewwordsareformed.Somewordscomeintothelanguagewhichsoundlikewhattheyreferto.Wordslikebuzzanddingdongaregoodexamplesofthisprocess.Stillanotherwayinwhichnewwordsareformedistousethenameof