英語形容詞和副詞的用法解析

1、形容詞和副詞之遲辟智美創(chuàng)作一、形容詞形容詞修飾名詞/不定代詞，說明事物或人的性質或特征.一般放所修飾名詞前作定語，也可自力作表語/賓補等1、作定語： this is an interesting story. kitty is a clever cat.2、作表語： Yao Ming is very tall. our classroom is big and bright.3、作賓補： dont make your hands dirty.were trying to make ourschool beautiful.可將形容詞分成 性質形容詞+敘述形容詞，紛歧建都放在名詞前面.1、直接說明

2、事物的性質或特征的形容詞是性質形容詞，它有級的變動，可以用水平副詞修飾，在句中可作定語、表語和補語.例如：hot熱的.2、敘述形容詞 只能作表語，所以又稱為表語形容詞.這類形容詞沒有級的變動，也不成用水平副詞修飾.年夜大都以a開頭的形容詞都屬于這一類.例如：afraid害怕的.（錯） He is an ill man.（對） The man is ill.（錯） She is an afraid girl. （對） The girl is afraid.這類詞還有： well , unwell , ill , faint , afraid , alike , alive , alone, as

3、leep, awake 等.3）形容詞作定語修飾名詞時，要放在名詞的前邊.可是如果形容詞修飾以-thing為字尾的詞語時，要放在這些詞后.例如：something nice二、以-ly結尾的形容詞1、年夜部份形容詞加-ly可構成副詞.但friendly , deadly, lovely, lonely,likely , lively , ugly , brotherly ,仍為形容詞.改錯：（錯） She sang lovely.（錯） He spoke to me very friendly.（對） Her singing was lovely.（對） He spoke to me in a

4、 very friendly way.2、有些以-ly結尾既為形容詞，也為副詞 .daily, weekly , monthly , yearly , early The Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily.三、用形容詞暗示類別和整體1、某些形容詞加上定冠詞可泛指一類人，謂語用復數(shù).如：the dead, theliving , the rich, the poor, the blind , the hungry.The poor are losinghope.2、有關國家和民族的形容詞加上定冠詞指這個民族的整體，與動詞復數(shù)

5、 連用.the British , the English , the French, the Chinese.The English havewonderful sense of humor.四、多個形容詞修飾名詞的順序多個形容詞修飾名詞時，順序：限定詞-數(shù)詞-描繪詞-（年夜小，長短，形狀，新舊，顏色）-由處-資料性質，類別） a small round table a tall gray building a dirty old brown shirta famous German medical school an expensive Japanese sports car五、形容詞與副

6、詞的比力級年夜大都形容詞（性質形容詞）和副詞有比力級和最高級的變動，即原 級、比力級和最高級，用來暗示事物的品級分歧.原級即形容詞的原形，比力級和最高級有規(guī)則變動和不規(guī)則變動兩種.1）規(guī)則變動單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞，加詞尾-er, -est來構成比力級和最高級構成法原級比力級最tWj級一般單音節(jié)詞未尾加-er,-esttall（高的）great（巨年夜的）tallergreatertallestgreatest以不發(fā)音的e結尾的單音詞和少 數(shù)以-le結尾的雙音節(jié)詞只加-r,-stnice（好的）;large（年夜 的）able （有能力的）Nicer ; larger ablerNicest

7、; largestablest以一個輔音字母結尾的閉音節(jié)單音節(jié)詞，雙寫結尾輔音字母，再加 -er ,-estbig（年夜的） hot （熱的）biggerhotterbiggesthottest以輔音字母+y結尾的雙音節(jié)詞，改y為i,再加-er , -esteasy（容易的） busy（忙的）easierbusiereasiestbusiest少數(shù)以-er , -ow 結尾的雙日ij 詞未尾加-er , -estclever（聰慧的） narrow（窄的）cleverer narrowercleverestnarrowest具他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞，在前面加 more , most 來構成比力級

8、和最高 級.important（重要的） easily（容易地）more importantmore easilyMostimportant most easily2、不規(guī)則變動原級比力級最高級good（好的）；well（健康的）betterbestbad （壞的）;ill（有病的）worseworstold （老的）older/elderoldest/eldestmuch/many（多的）moremostlittle（少的）lessleastfar （遠的）farther/furtherfarthest/furthest形容詞變副詞方式：1、在形容詞詞尾直接加-ly ,構成副詞.如：usua

9、l-usually, bad-badly等.注:不是所有以-ly結尾的單詞都是副詞，某些名詞后加 -ly可以轉化為形容詞 如：sisterly, brotherly, friendly, comradely, lovely 等.2、以“輔音 字母+ y”結尾的單詞，變 y為i,再加-ly ,如：hea vy-heavily, happy-happily 等，而且要注意這些單詞的變動：polite-politely, true-truly,terrible-terribly 等.二、副詞是用來修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或全句，在句子中作狀語或表語的一類詞.一、分類：時間副詞(now, today,

10、early, sometimes, already 等)；地址副詞 (outside, inside, upstairs, here, there, home 等)；方式副詞(quickly, loudly, suddenly, fast, luckily 等)；水平副詞 (very, quite, rather, too, much, so 等)；疑問副詞( when, where, why, how, how long, how often 等)；關系副詞( when, where, why, how 等)一、副詞的位置：1、在動詞之前.2、在be動詞、助動詞之后.3、多個助動詞時，副詞一

11、般放 在第一個助動詞后.汪息：a.年夜大都方式副詞位于句尾，但賓語過長，副詞可以提前，以使句子平衡We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.b.方式副詞 well, badly 糟、壞，hard 等只放在句尾.He speaks English well.二、副詞的排列順序：1)時間，地址副詞，小單元的在前，年夜單元在后2)方式副詞，短的在前，長的在后，并用 and或but等連詞連接.Please write slowly and carefully.3)多個分歧副詞排列：水平 +地址+方式+時間副詞.注意：副詞very可以修飾

12、形容詞，但不能修飾動詞.改錯：(錯)I very like English.( 對)I like English very much.注意：副詞enough要放在形容詞的后面，形容詞enough放在名詞前后都可.I dont know him well enough.2、There is enough food for everyone to eat.There is food enough for everyone to eat.as+形容詞或副詞原級+as1、在否定句或疑問句中可用so as.He cannot run so/as fast as you.2、當asas中間有名詞時采納以下

13、格式.as +形容詞+ a +雙數(shù)名詞；as +many/much + 名詞This is as good an example as the other is.2、 I can carry as much paper as you can.3、用暗示倍數(shù)的詞或其他水平副詞做修飾語時，放在 as的前面.This room is twice as big as that one.2、Your room is the same size as mine.4、倍數(shù) + as + adj. + as 倍數(shù) + then + of This bridge is three times as long a

14、s that one. This bridge is three times the length of that one.Your room is twice as large as mine.Your room is twice the size of mine.比力級形容詞或副詞+thanYou are taller than I.They lights in your room are as bright as those in mine.汪息：1）要防止重復使用比力級.（錯）He is more cleverer than his brother.（對）He is more clev

15、er than his brother.（對）He is clever than his brother. TOC o 1-5 h z 2）要防止將主語含在比力對象中.（錯）China is larger that any country in Asia.（ 對）China is larger than any other countries in Asia.3）要注意對應句型，遵循前后一致的原則.The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.It is easier to make a plan than to carry

16、 it out.4）要注意冠詞的使用，后有名詞的時候，前面才有可能有名詞比力： Which is large, Canada or Australia?2、Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?She is taller than her two sisters. 2、 She is the taller of the two sisters.可修飾比力級的詞a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still,

17、even 等2）還可以用暗示倍數(shù)的詞或懷抱名詞作修飾語3）以上詞（除by far）外，必需置于比力級形容詞或副詞的前面.典范例題：- Are you feeling? - Yes , Im fine now.A. any wellB. any betterC. quite good D. quite better 謎底：B. any 可修飾比力 級，quite修飾原級，well的比力級為better.The experiment was easier than we had expected.A.moreB.much more C.muchD.more much謎底：C.much可修飾比力級，

18、因此 B, C都說得通，但 easier自己已是比 力級，不需 more,因此C為正確謎底.If there were no examinations, we should have at school.A. the happiest timeB. a more happier timeC. much happiest time D.a much happier timemany, old 和 far1）如果后接名詞時，much more +不成數(shù)名詞many more +可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)old 有兩種比力級和最高級形式：older/oldest 和 elder/eldest. elder, el

19、dest只用于兄弟姐妹的長幼關系.My elder brother is an engineer. 2、 Mary is the eldest of the three sisters.far有兩種比力級，farther, further.在英語中兩者都可指距離 .在美語中，father暗示距離，further暗示進一步.I have nothing further to say.2、already 和 yet 的區(qū)別：already用于陳說句，一般用于句中，但不能和時間狀語放在一起，；yet用來談莫事在預料之中，用于疑問句時譯為“已經(jīng)”，用在否定句中譯為“尚 未， 還 沒 有 ， 一般都 放

20、于 句 末. 如： the train has already arrived. i have already read the book.the+最高級+比力范圍1、The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.形容詞最高級前通常必需用定冠詞the,副詞最高級前可不用.形容詞most前面沒有the,不暗示最高級的含義，只暗示 非?！?It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem.注意：使用最高級要注意將主語包括在比力范圍內.（錯）Tom is the tallest

21、 of his three brothers.（對）Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.2、下歹U詞可修飾最高級，by far, far, much, mostly, almostThis hat is nearly / almost the biggest.注意：a.very可修飾最高級，但位置與much分歧.This is the very best.This is much the best.b.序數(shù)詞通常只修飾最高級.Africa is the second largest continent.3、句型轉換：Mike is the most

22、 intelligent in his class.Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.4）否定詞語+比力級，否定詞語+ soas結構暗示最高級含義.Nothing is so easy as this.=Nothing is easier than this.=This is the easiest thing.和more有關的詞組1、the more the more 越就越The harder you work , the greaterprogress youll make.2、more B than A 與其說 A 不如說 B ; less A than BHe is more lazy than slow at his work.= He is less slow than lazy at his work.no more than 與一樣，不比多 The officials could seeno more than the Emperor.3-2、 no less than與樣He is no less diligent than you.more than 不只是，非常 She is more than kind to us all.典范例題T