完形填空基本解題技巧指導(dǎo)課件

1、完形填空基本解題技巧指導(dǎo)完形填空基本解題技巧指導(dǎo)近年高考完形填空題型特點(diǎn)1. 以敘為主, 敘議結(jié)合;2. 篇章短小, 意義完整;3. 首句完整, 主題明確;4. 結(jié)構(gòu)清晰, 層次分明;5. 考查語境, 側(cè)重辨析;6. 實(shí)詞為主, 虛詞為輔;7. 邏輯推理, 隱于語篇;8. 常識(shí)語法, 每年出現(xiàn)。近年高考完形填空題型特點(diǎn)1. 以敘為主, 敘議結(jié)合;四大要素 詞匯 邏輯 語法 常識(shí)一個(gè)主題 + 語境四大要素 完形填空解題步驟1、通讀全文，領(lǐng)會(huì)大意（23分鐘）2、逐句閱讀，選出答案 （67分鐘）3、猜測(cè)難點(diǎn)、整體復(fù)查（23分鐘） 完形填空解題步驟1、通讀全文，領(lǐng)會(huì)大意（23分鐘）1、通讀全文，領(lǐng)會(huì)大

2、意（23分鐘）跳過空格、通讀全文、把握大意。先跳過空格，通讀試題所給的要完形填空的短文，獲得整體印象，做到弄清文脈、抓住主旨，較好地把握短文大意。要在閱讀理解短文意思的基礎(chǔ)上才開始判定選擇，切忌倉(cāng)促下筆。1、通讀全文，領(lǐng)會(huì)大意（23分鐘）跳過空格、通讀全文、把握2、逐句閱讀，選出答案 （67分鐘）在理解全文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，再結(jié)合所給備選項(xiàng)細(xì)讀全文，聯(lián)系上、下文內(nèi)容，注意從上、下文的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞語搭配及從選擇項(xiàng)中尋找解題的提示，以詞、句的意義為先，再?gòu)姆治鼍渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)入手，根據(jù)短文意思、語法規(guī)則、詞語固定搭配等進(jìn)行綜合考慮，對(duì)備選項(xiàng)逐一進(jìn)行分析、比較和篩選，排除干擾項(xiàng)、初步選定答案。注意：動(dòng)筆時(shí)要瞻前

3、顧后、通篇考慮、先易后難。對(duì)比較明顯直接的、自己最有把握的答案先做，一下子不能確定答案的，先跳過這一空格，繼續(xù)往下做，最后回過頭來再集中精力解決難點(diǎn)。這時(shí)可結(jié)合已確定答案的選項(xiàng)再讀一遍短文，隨著對(duì)短文理解的深入，可以降低試題的難度，提高選擇的正確率。2、逐句閱讀，選出答案 （67分鐘）在理解全文意思的基3.猜測(cè)難點(diǎn)、整體復(fù)查（23分鐘）復(fù)讀全文、逐空驗(yàn)證、彌補(bǔ)疏漏。完成各道題選擇后，把所選的答案代入原文，再把全文通讀一篇，逐空認(rèn)真復(fù)查。看所選定的答案是否使短文意思前后連貫、順理成章，語法結(jié)構(gòu)是否正確，是否符合習(xí)慣表達(dá)法。如發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤答案或有疑問的，應(yīng)再次推敲、反復(fù)斟酌、做出修正。 3.猜測(cè)難點(diǎn)、

4、整體復(fù)查（23分鐘）復(fù)讀全文、逐空驗(yàn)證、彌補(bǔ)合理運(yùn)用六大技巧把握語境1. 利用首句/首段信息解題命題者往往通過文章的首句或首段揭示文章的主旨大意，體現(xiàn)文章的題材、體裁，或提供某些導(dǎo)向性信息。這個(gè)首句或首段就是對(duì)整篇文章內(nèi)容的概括和總結(jié)。同學(xué)們可以通過領(lǐng)悟首句或首段，把握文章的主題和文章的導(dǎo)向性（或作者態(tài)度的傾向 性），從而在整體上把握文章內(nèi)容。合理運(yùn)用六大技巧把握語境1. 利用首句/首段信息解題命題【例1】（2009浙江）The trip to that city was eye-opening for everyone, and near its end, all the young peo

5、ple in our group began to reflect on what it had meant. But what we actually saw simply 23 us all the rundown houses, the children in rags, the people begging for money The poverty (貧困) was 27 than anything my young companions had ever imagined. Back in the hotel, an air of sadness settled over the

6、group. Many 28 and cried. Spending time in this 29 moves a person to care about humanity.27. A. stronger B. deeper C. worse D. less 28. A. gave up B. broke down C. set off D. held on【例1】（2009浙江）The trip to that2. 運(yùn)用語境信息解題近幾年高考英語完形填空的特點(diǎn)是重點(diǎn)考查語 境。所謂語境，就是文章的上下文，包括文章語氣的一致性、意思的連貫性、表述的合理性、論證的邏輯性等。另外，高考完形填空

7、題型中，選項(xiàng)所給的四個(gè)詞的詞性和意義相同或相近。如果脫離語境或只看句子的一部分，可能會(huì)有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的答案；若放在整篇文章提供的語境中，利用上下文提供的各種信息綜合分析，則只有一個(gè)最佳答案。這種解題信息分前置信息和后置信息兩種。所以在做題時(shí)，一定要從整體上把握文章內(nèi)容，區(qū)分文章的結(jié)構(gòu)層次和邏輯關(guān)系，同時(shí)認(rèn)真比較所給選項(xiàng)，從中選出最符合上下文語境的答案。2. 運(yùn)用語境信息解題近幾年高考英語完形填空的特點(diǎn)是重點(diǎn)(1) 運(yùn)用“前置信息”【例2】（2009山東）Even though it was only October, my students were already whispering a

8、bout Christmas plans. With each passing day everyone became more 36 , waiting for the final school bell. Upon its 37 everyone would run for their coats and go home, everyone except David.36. A. anxious B. courageous C. serious D. cautious37. A. warning B. ringing C. calling D. yelling (1) 運(yùn)用“前置信息”【例

9、2】（2009山東）Even(2) 運(yùn)用“后置信息”【例3】（2009全國(guó)）Stevenson, a Scotsman, had lived 37 for many years. In 1881 he returned to Scotland for a 38 . With him were his American wife Fanny and his son 39 .37. A. alone B. next door C. at home D. abroad (2) 運(yùn)用“后置信息”【例3】（2009全國(guó)）St3. 運(yùn)用生活常識(shí)和文化背景知識(shí)解題完形填空題的選文為獨(dú)立的語篇，它以自身的內(nèi)容

10、提供完整的語篇信息，但有時(shí)滲透著文化科學(xué)、歷史地理、風(fēng)俗民情等方面的知識(shí)。在做題時(shí)，若能積極調(diào)動(dòng)自己的生活常識(shí)和文化背景知識(shí)，巧妙地加以運(yùn)用，必能輕松解題?！纠?】（2009北京）He knew that his friends all had bicycles. It was 39 to hang around with people when you were the only one without wheels.39. A. brave B. hard C. smart D. unfair3. 運(yùn)用生活常識(shí)和文化背景知識(shí)解題完形填空題的選文為獨(dú)4. 運(yùn)用語法知識(shí)解題解答本題型中個(gè)別考查

11、語法知識(shí)的題目，要注意詞語在句中要符合詞法、句法、結(jié)構(gòu)、習(xí)慣等要求。這就要求我們要分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，明確搭配關(guān)系，從慣用法、固定搭配的知識(shí)等方面來考慮進(jìn)行選擇?！纠?】（2009浙江）As I encouraged group members to focus on 39 they could do, a sense of determination 40 the previous sadness. Instead of despair, these young people began to feel a call to action.39. A. how B. where C. what D.

12、 when40. A. replaced B. changed C. covered D. improved4. 運(yùn)用語法知識(shí)解題解答本題型中個(gè)別考查語法知識(shí)的題目5. 借助相關(guān)信息詞解題 高考完形填空絕大多數(shù)題目的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的詞性和意義相同或相近, 單從本句看可能會(huì)有兩個(gè)甚至更多的答案，但有時(shí)在上下文中會(huì)有一些與選項(xiàng)意義緊密相連的同義詞、近義詞或反義詞等，能為確定正確選項(xiàng)提供依據(jù)。在解題過程中，同學(xué)們要充分利用這些信息詞進(jìn)行合理的推測(cè)判斷，從而選出最佳答案。 5. 借助相關(guān)信息詞解題 高考完形填空絕大多數(shù)題目的四個(gè)選【例6】(2019陜西卷) A woman in her sixties li

13、ved alonein her littlecottage with a pear tree at the door. She spent all her time taking care of the tree. But the children nearby drove her 21 by making fun of her.They would climb her tree and then run awaywith pears, 22 “Aunty Misery” at her. 21. A. hopeless B. painful C. dull D. crazy22. A. cal

14、ling B. shouting C. announcing D. whispering【例6】(2019陜西卷) A woman in her6. 運(yùn)用語篇標(biāo)志語解題語篇一般指比句子長(zhǎng)的語言單位，如句群、段 落、篇章等。語篇與語篇之間往往有表明其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系的詞語，這些詞語被稱為“語篇標(biāo)志語”。如表示結(jié)構(gòu)層次的語篇標(biāo)志語firstly, secondly, finally等；表示因果關(guān)系的thus, therefore, so等，表示改變?cè)掝}的by the way；表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的besides, whats more, further 等，表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的but, while, on the ot

15、her hand等 等。做題時(shí)如果能充分利用這些語篇標(biāo)志語，就可以迅速理清文章的脈絡(luò)，弄清上下文的關(guān)系。 【例7】（2009重慶）Pepple often fall ill because of me. 36, they can hardly blame me; it is their own 37.36. A.Therefore B. Besides C. However D.Then37. A.business B. responsibility C.excuse D.fault6. 運(yùn)用語篇標(biāo)志語解題語篇一般指比句子長(zhǎng)的語言單位，如句Exercises for you(1). When

16、I entered Berkeley, I hoped to earn a scholarship The last hurdle(障礙) was the final. No matter what 48 I got, it wouldnt cancel three C-pluses. I might as well kiss the 49 goodbye. I was speechless when my course grade arrived: A-plus. It was the only A-plus given. The next year I received my schola

17、rship. Ive always remembered Professor Jaynes lesson : you alone must set your own standard of excellence. (2019北京卷)48. A. grade B. answer C. lesson D. comment49. A. scholarship B. course C. degree D. subject Exercises for you(1). When I 2). Then I had to walk several blocks in the increasingly heav

18、y rain .When I finally got to my office, I was 47 through, exhaust-ed and 48 . ( 2019山東卷)47). A. wet B. weak C. sick D. hurt48). A. ashamed B. discouraged C. surprised D. puzzled 2). Then I had to walk sever3)When I took the first exam, I was 38 to find a 77, C-plus, on my test paper, 39 English was

19、 my best subject. I went to Professor Jayne, Who listened to my arguments but remained 40 . (2019北京卷) 38. A. shocked B. worried C. scared D. anxious 39. A. but B. so C. for D. or 40. A. unchanged B. unpleasant C. unfriendly D. unmoved3)When I took the first exam,(4). Jenna, a popular girl from Westw

20、ood Middle School, had graduate first in her class and was ready for new 16 in high school. 17 , high school was different. (2019天津卷)16. A. processes B. decisions C. challenges D. exercises17. A. Therefore B. However C. Otherwise D. Besides(4). Jenna, a popular girl fro(5) One evening ,a passer-by a

21、sked to 23 for the night. Seeing that he had an 24 face, she let him in and gave him a nice 25 .The next morning the strangerOne day another man 33 her door. This one did not look trustworthy to her, 34 she asked who he was (2019陜西卷) 23. A. stay B. live C. hide D. lie 24. A. interesting B. honest C.

22、 anxious D. angry 25. A. gift B. kiss C. treat D. smile 33. A. stepped B. left for C. stopped at D. walked around 34. A. so B. but C. although D. because(5) One evening ,a passer-by a(6). On the road of life, the help of strangers can 37 our loads and lift our spirits (2019年重慶卷)37. A. move B. increa

23、sing C. lighten D. carry(7). I 40 to be one of the people on the way to work that morning. I went from subway line to subway line to find that most (service) 41had stopped. (2019年山東卷)40. A. used B. promised C. deserved D. happened(6). On the road of life, the 8). It was 4 oclock when the front doorb

24、ell rang. Mrs Clarke was _tea at the time. A. cooking B. making C. burning D. serving Marl _ down and helped the boy pike up these articles. A. fell B. sat C. lay D. knelt Bob had made a “motherhood contract” declaring that for 70 days this summer he would _ the care of theirfour children and all th

25、e housework. A. stick to B. set about C. think about D. take over . When it was 5:00 pm, I was ready to go home. I was about to turn off my computer 49 I received an email from Garth, my Director: 49. A. while B. when C. where D. after8). It was 4 oclock when th(9). she was competing against very talented girls, and she knew it would be 18 for her to be selected. Two hours later, the 19 read a l