有機(jī)化學(xué)題庫(kù)-合成

1、5. 合成題5-1以環(huán)己醇為原料合成：1,2,3三溴環(huán)己烷。BrBrH3PO4OHH3PO4Br2BrCCl4Br5-2從異丙醇為原料合成：溴丙烷。CH CHCHCH CH=CHHBrCH CH CH Br濃H SO濃H SO24OH2ROOR3225-31氯環(huán)戊烷為原料合成：順1,2環(huán)戊二醇。ClC2H5OHClOsO4OHOHOHKOHH2O25-41甲基環(huán)己烷為原料合成：CHCO(CHCOOH。H+,H+,CHBr2CHCHC2H5ONaCHCH CO(CH )COOH3hvBr 3332 45-5由CH2OH為原料合成：O24濃H SO24CH2OHKMnO4CH2CHOCO25-61

2、溴環(huán)戊烷為原料合成：反2溴環(huán)戊醇。C2H5 OHKOHO2HBrBrC2H5 OHKOHO2HH5-71,2二甲基環(huán)戊醇為原料合成：2,6庚二酮。CCH3CH+CH3 (1) OOO33OHCH3CH332(2)Zn/H O2C(CH2)3CHB2H6B2H6 H2O2OHCH3CHCH3BrC2H5 OHNaOHCH3CH=CH2CH3CH2CH2 OH5-91甲基環(huán)己烷合成：反2甲基環(huán)己醇。CHBrCH C H ONaCHB HCH2Br32CH333hvC2H5OHOH26OHBr2hvBr C2H5Br2hvKOHCF3HCO HOH3O+OH33HCHC HCCH 35-11CAlC

3、l322AlCl322以下有機(jī)物為原料合成： 65 CH3CH2COClCOCH2Zn-HgCH3 濃HClCHCH CH CHNBSC H CHC HC H OHBrC HCHC2H5OHC H CCCH652525C6H5CHCHCH3265BrBr3KOH653BrKOH1NaHCHCCHC HCCH333液NH365CH2 CHCCH35-12用甲烷做唯一碳來(lái)源合成： OO1500CHCHCu2Cl2CHCCH=CHHgSO4O2=CH C CH22O4Cl2稀H2SO4CH =CH C CH1 OAgCH2CHCCH3232250OOBrCHO5-13以乙炔、丙烯為原料合成：BrCH

4、CHCu2Cl2CHCCH=CHNaCH =CHCH=CHCH =CHCHO3CHO3NH4ClBr液NH222Cu OBr2CHOBr，CH2=CH CH32350, 0.25MPaCH2=CH CHOH2Ni,5-14以 1,3丁二烯，丙烯，乙炔等為原料合成：H2Ni,CH2 CH=CH2CH2=CHCH2 ClCH2ClCH 2ClCHCNaCH2ClCHCNaCHH2Lindlar催化劑CH CH=CH(CH2)3OHCH =CH CHCl2CH =CH CH ClB2H6B2H6H2O2OH3500225-15由乙炔和丙烯為原料合成正戊醛CH(CHCHO32 32CHCH+NaNH液

5、NH3CH2CNa ；CH CH=CHHBrROORCH3CH2CH2 BrCHCNa3CH CH CHCHCNa3CH CH CH CCHCH (CH )CHO3223222232 3B2H6B2H6H OOHCH3NaCCNa ；CHCH2 +HBrCH CH Br22322CH3CH2 BrCH3CH2CNaCCNaNaCCNaCCHH2CH3Na3液NH3HCC2H5C2H5HH CC2H5C6H5CO3H25HOHC2H5HH3O+HOHC2H55-17CCHCHO(CHCH36 522 33H2O2B2H6OHC6H5 CH3NBS CNaC2HH2O2B2H6OHCCHNaC H

6、NH325CH=CH2C2H5CH2CH2OHNaCH3(CH2)3ONa C H CH O(CH ) CH6522 3325-18由CH2ROOR為原料合成：ROORCH2CH2CHO2CH HBr2 CNaCH2CCHCH2CCHB2H6H2O2 OHCH2CH2CHOOCH2 C CH35-19以不多于四個(gè)碳原子的烴為原料合成：CH =CH CHCl2CH =CH CH Cl2350022CH2=CH CH=CH2 CH =CH CHClCH2ClCHCNa22CHCNa22CH =CH CH22ClCH ClCH CCHCH2=CH CH=CH2222HgSOO2CH CCH24稀H

7、SOCHC CH3245-20以甲苯為原料合成：3硝基4溴苯甲酸。CH3Br2BrKMnO4COOHHNO3NO2BrNO2FeBr3H SO245-21由苯和甲醇為原料合成：間氯苯甲酸。CH3OH + SOCl2AlClCH3Cl + SO2 + HClClClCH3Cl3CH3COOH2COOHFeKMnOKMnO425Br25C 2H5CBr AlCl3C HHNO3 H2SO4O2NC2H5Br2FeC2H5BrNO25-23由甲苯為原料合成：鄰硝基對(duì)苯二甲酸。24CH3 H SO24CH3 HNO3CH3NO2 H O+CHNOCH3BrCH3NO2 KMnOCOOHNO2100H

8、SO24SO3H3SO3H2AlClCH34COOHBrCH3BrCH33HNO3CHO NCHBr2O NKMnO4O2KMnO4BrCOOH3 H2SO423Fe235-25以苯為原料合成：對(duì)硝基鄰二溴苯。Br2FeBrHNOBr2FeNOBr2BrH2SO42FeBrBr3NO2335-26以甲苯為原料合成：3,5二硝基苯甲酸。3CH3KMnO4COOHHNO O2N2COOH2HNO3O2NCOOHH2SO45-27由甲苯為原料合成：鄰硝基甲苯。H2SO4 O NCH3H2SO4SO HO2NCHSO H稀H2SO4NO2CH1003H2SO4333KMnO45-28由苯為原料合成：對(duì)

9、叔丁基苯甲酸。KMnO4AlClCH3(CH3)3CClCH3C(CH 3)3(CH3)3CCOOH3AlCl35-29用苯和丙烯為主要原料合成：4硝基2溴異丙苯。CH2CHCH3CH(CH3)2HNO3O NBr2O2NBrCH(CH3)2AlCl3 , HClH2SO42Fe5-30由甲苯為原料合成：鄰溴苯甲酸。CH3 H SOCH3 BrCH3BrKMnOCOOH242BrBrFe稀H SOCH稀H SOCH324SO H43345-31以甲苯為原料合成：2硝基4溴甲苯。CH3H2SO4CH3HNO3CH3NO2CH3稀H2SO稀H2SO4Br2CH3NO2H SOFe3100324SO

10、3HSO HBr5-31用甲苯等為原料合成：2,6二溴苯甲酸。CH243 H SO24CH32Br2FeBrBrCH3Br稀HSOCH3BrBrBrCOOHKMnO4BrKMnO4Br210023SO3HSO3H5-32由甲苯和乙醛合成1苯基2丙醇2323NBSCH2Br MgCH2MgBrCH3CHOH3O+CHCHCHEt2OEt2OOH5-33由環(huán)戊醇和丙酮為原料合成C(CH3)2OHOHOHMgBrH2SO4O CH3CH2SO4NBSMgEt2OH3O+H3O+MgBrEt2OOH3 25-34以丙烯為原料，其它試劑任選合成2,2二溴丙烷4CH CH=CHBr2CH CHCHKOHC

11、H CH=CH Br NaNH2CCH32CCl43HBr3BrCCHC2H5 OH33HBrBrCH3CCHBr2CH3CCH3Br5-35以丙烯為原料，其它試劑任選合成2,3二溴丙醇。CH=CH 2NBSBr CHCH=CH 2Na OHH2OHO CH2CH=CH 2Br2CHOHCH2Br22 BrMg(C H ) Mg(C H ) O2CO2H O+CO2H O+ZnCl 2CH 2Cl25 2CH 2 Mg ClCH2MgCl3CH2 COOHHCHOH3OHCHOH3O+Mg(C H ) OBrMg(C H ) OFeCH2OH25 2CH2OHBr2FeBrCHOHCH2CuX

12、5-38. 用6個(gè)碳以下含6個(gè)碳的鹵代烴合成：CuXCCHCH3CH3CHCClCHCHC LiCHCH2CuLi33CH3CH3CHC2CuLiCH3CH2ClCH2CCH CH 3CH35-39. 以6個(gè)碳以下的鹵代烴含6個(gè)碳合成：CH2=CHCH2CH2CH(CH3)23 223 22(CH ) CHCHBrLi(CH ) CHCHLi3 223 2222223 2(CH3)2CHCH 2CuLi CH2=CH CH2 BrCH =CHCH CH CH(CH )22223 2(CH)C CHCH=CH5-40. 以丙烯為原料其它試劑任選合成：3 222OHCH3CH=CH 2 1 O22

13、CuCl2OCHC CH321203=CH CH3NBS CH2BrMg(C2H5)2O MgBr3O(1) (C 2H 5)2OCH2=CH CH2 MgBr CH3 C CH3(2) H O+3(CH3)2 C CH 2CH=CH 2OH5-41.以甲基環(huán)戊烷為原料其它試劑任選合成:5CH3COOHCH3hvCH3Mg25 2Br(C H )25 2CH 3MgBrCH3CO225 2MgBr(C H )25 2H3O+CH 3COOH5-42. 以苯為原料其它試劑任選合成1,2二氯苯乙烷。2ClAlCl 3CH 2CH 3NBSCH CH 3KOH BrCH=CH22CH=CH 2 Cl2CH CH 2ClCl5-43. 由氯代環(huán)己烷和丙烯為原料合成：(CH2)3OHClMgMg ClCH(C2H5)2O2=CHCH2 ClCH2CH=CH 2,CH2CH=CH2B2H6 H2O2 OH(CH2)3OH,=CH CH3Cl 2 500=CHCH2Cl