【教育資料】牛津上海版中考英語專題復習-9-非謂語及五選四-學案學習專用

1、教育資源教育資源學科教師輔導學案Itisunwiseofhimtostartsmoking.=Heisunwisetostartsmoking.(2常用不定式作主語的句型有：Itsdifficult(important,necessary,easy,unnecessary,etc.)forsbtodosth.Itskind(good,friendly,polite,careless,rude,cruel,clever,foolish,brave,etc.)ofsbtodosth.作表語：不定式做表語常表示在謂語動詞所表示的動作之后發(fā)生的動作。例：Hiswishistobecomeaskillf

2、ulworker.注意：主語部分已有動作動詞do(不論形式)，作表語的不定式前省略to例：TheonlythingIcandonowisgoonwiththeexperimentallbymyself.作賓語：常見的直接帶to不定式的動詞有l(wèi)ike,agree,decide,hope,learn,wish,etc.例：Mostofusliketowatchfootballmatches.常見的能跟疑問詞帶to連用的不定式的動詞有decide,findout,show,etc.例：Ishowedthemhowtodoit.不定式自帶補語時it先行例：Wethoughtitwrongnottote

3、llherthetruth.不定式不做介詞后面的賓語，但介詞except,but,besides，注意在這些介詞前若有表示動作的動詞do(不論形式)，作賓語的不定式前省略to倒：Shecoulddonothingbutcry.Ihavenochoicebuttogothere.洼意：有些動詞，如dhope,wish,agree,pretend,refuse,manage,beg,intend;hesitate,offer,fail,expect,deciprepare,promi等后面只能用動詞不定式作賓語。作賓語補足語：句子中的賓語是不定式的邏輯主語。例:Hetoldmetobehereon

4、time.在動詞make,let,have,see,hear,lookat,listento,observe,feel,notice,watch,etc.后，作賓語補足語的不定式要省略“to”，但在被動語態(tài)中作主語補足語時必須還原“to。例:Thebossmadethemworktwelvehoursaday.IheardBillsinganAmericanfolksongtheotherday.Isawhercomein.=Shewasseentocomein注意：有些動詞，如hope,suggest,demand,suppose,plan,agree等不能用動詞不定式作賓語補足語。5）作定

5、語：不定式作定語放在所修飾的名詞后，表示在謂語動詞之后發(fā)生的動作或過去的某一特定動作。例:Shehasgotalotofquestionstoask.（1）作定語的不定式與修飾的名詞可以是邏輯意義上的主謂關系。例:Heisthefirstpersontorunamarathoninlessthantwohours.（2）作定語的不定式與修飾的名詞也可以是邏輯意義上的動賓關系。例:Hehasnohousetoliveinbutalotofworktodo.（3）如果不定式的動詞為不及物動詞，應在動詞后面加上適當?shù)慕樵~。例:Heisanicepersontoworkwith.6）作狀語：不定式可用

6、作目的狀語、結(jié)果狀語和原因狀語。例:Istartedearlysoastogettherebeforesupper.Iopenedthedoortofindtheroomempty.Imsorrytohearyouarenotwell.注意：soasto，inorderto都是表示目的的不定式短語，soasto不能放在句首，他們的否定式為soasnotto/inordernotto。不定式作結(jié)果狀語常用于“too+adj./adv.+todo”或“adj./adv.+enough+todo”結(jié)構(gòu)。例:Heisstrongenoughtoliftthecase.2動詞不定式的否定形式Not+to

7、+動詞原形構(gòu)成；有時也可以用nevertodo表示否定意義，語氣更強。例：Weagreednottolendhimanymoney.Hepromisednevertotellheranythingaboutthis.3動詞不定式與疑問詞連用疑問代詞who,what，which和疑問副詞when，where，how,why等后面可以接動詞不定式，構(gòu)成動詞不定式短語，可以在句子中作主語、賓語、表語成分。例:Howtousethemachineisaquestion.（不定式作主語）Hedoesntknowhowtousethemachine.（不定式作賓語）Thequestioniswhentoh

8、oldthetrainingclass.（不定式作表語）Shetoldmewheretofindherlittlebrother.（不定式作賓語補足語）too.to結(jié)構(gòu)常表示否定意義例：Itstoocoldtogoswimmingtoday.今天天氣太冷，不能去游泳。注意：在以下幾種情況下，too.to結(jié)構(gòu)意思是表示肯定，常譯作“非?！薄?）too.to與only連用（這時onlytoo=very）例：Imonlytoogladtohelpyou.我非常高興幫助你。2）形容詞willing，pleased，glad，happy，ready，anxious等。例:Thestudentsareto

9、oanxioustoknowtheexaminationresults.學生們非常急切地想知道考試成績。3）與not，never連用，表示“太不能不”，“并不太所以能”。例：Sheistoowisenottoseethat.她很聰明，不會不明白那件事。Itsnevertoolatetomend.亡羊補牢，為時未晚。動詞不定式有五種不同的主動和被動形式1）一般式todo,表示的動作可能與謂語的動作同時發(fā)生，也可能在其之后發(fā)生。例:IliketoreadEnglisheverymorning.2）進行式tobedoing，表示不定式的動作已在進行，與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生。例:Heseemstobere

10、adingsomethinginterestingnow.3）完成式tohavedone，表示不定式的動作在謂語動詞之前發(fā)生。例:Heseemedtohavecleanedhisbedroomyesterday.4）被動式tobedone，表示該事情將要被做。例:Thenewschoolinthecountryistobebuiltsoon.5）被動完成式tohavebeendone，表示該事情已被做。例:Thesickboyissaidtohavebeensenttohospitalalready.6動詞不定式的主動形式表示被動意義的幾種情況1）在too.to和enough.to結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定

11、式的主動形式可以表示被動意義。例:The.skirtistoosmallformetowear.Theroomisbigenoughtolivein.2）在therebe句型中，可以用不定式的主動形式表示被動意義。例:Thereisalotofworktodo.=Thereisalotofworktobedone.3）easy,difficult,hard,cheap,expensive,fit,nice,pleasant,comfortable,excitingdangerous,bitter，light，heavy，good，interesting等描述事物特征的形容詞，后面接動詞不定式作

12、狀語時，常用主動形式表示被動意義，主語常常是物。例：Thepictureispleasanttolookat.4）動詞不定式作定話時，若其邏輯主語是句子的主語或賓語時，則可以用主動形式表示被動意義。例：Ihavealotofworktodo.（I是todo的邏輯主語）Givemesomethingtoeat.（me是toeat的邏輯主語）7動名詞的用法1）作主語例：Runningismyfavouritesport.跑步是我最喜愛的運動。FightingbrokeoutbetweentheSouthandtheNorth.南方與北方開戰(zhàn)了。2）作賓語（1）動詞后加動名詞doing作賓語V.+d

13、oingsth.admit承認avoid避免complete完成keep繼續(xù)appreciate感激，贊賞consider認為delay耽誤deny否認detest討厭endure忍受enjoy喜歡escape逃脫prevent阻止fancy想象finish完成imagine想象mind介意miss想念postpone推practise訓練recall回憶resent討厭resist抵抗resume繼續(xù)risk冒險suggest建議face面對include包括stand忍受understand理解forgive寬恕例:Wouldyoumindturningdownyourradioalitt

14、le,please?MrTaylorandhiswifeenjoytravelingwithchildren.(2)詞組后接doingadmitto,prefertobeusedto,leadto,devoteoneselfto,objectto,stickto,bebusy,lookforwardto(to為介詞），nogood,nouse,Itsworth.,aswellas,canthelp,Itsnouse/good,betiredof,befondof,becapableof,beafraidof,beproudof,thinkof/about,holdoff,putoff,keep

15、on,insiston,counton/upon,setabout,besuccessfulin,begoodat,takeup,giveup,burstout,prevent.from.3）作表語Herjobiswashing,cleaningandtakingcareofthechildren.8直擊考點（1）只能接to+do的動詞有：decide,agree,hope,want,refuse,plan,need,wish+todo有些動詞加todo作賓語補足語，常見的有：ask,tell,want,teach+sb.+todo+sth.（2）加to+do的重點句型有：Ittakessb.

16、sometime/moneytodosth.做某事花費某人多少時間/金錢Itis+adj.+for/ofsb.todosth.做某事怎樣Wouldyouliketo.?（2）后接省略to的動詞不定式的動詞有：一感（feel）二聽（hear,listen三讓（have,make,let）四看（watch,see,lookat,notice）半個幫助（help可以帶to,也可以省略）改為被動語態(tài)時，to要還原。例如：Thislittleboyismadetocleanhisbedroomeveryweek.省略to的情況有：情態(tài)動詞后whynot/whydontyou.wouldrather.th

17、an.doing（否定式notdoing）（3）力口doing做非謂語的動詞?？嫉挠校篹njoy,finish,mind,suggest,miss,admit,deny,keep,imagine,practice+doingsth.力口doing的情況有：介詞后+doing例如：giveupdoingsth.,beinterestedindoingsth.等feellike+doing（喜歡做某事）/preferdoingsth.todoingsth.（更喜歡）to作介詞時的幾個常用短語：lookforwardto/beusedto/payattentionto+doing既可加todo也可以

18、加doing,并意思相近的動詞有：begin,start,like,love,hate既可加todo也可以加doing，但意思不同的動詞有：forgettodo忘記去做某事（事情還沒有做）forgetdoing忘記做過某事（事情已經(jīng)做了，但是忘了）remembertodo記得去做某事（事情還沒有做）rememberdoing記得做過某事（事情已經(jīng)做了）regrettodo（對將要做的事）遺憾regretdoing（對已經(jīng)做過的事）遺憾stoptodo停下來去做某事（去做另外一件事情）stopdoing停止做某事（停止正在做的事情）【例題精講】例l.Hepromisedhisoldfriendd

19、uringhisstayinTianjin.seeseeingsawtosee例2.Mariolikescoldhotdogs.eateatingateiseating【課堂練習】(repair)myTVsetcostme100yuan.Heprefers(read)booksathometo(go)shoppingonSundays.Thankyoufor(tell)methenews.4.1mlookingforwardto(receive)yourlettersoon.Lucytoldme(wait)forherathome.Willyoupleaseshowmehow(use)it?T

20、heboyisoldenough(dress)himself.Wouldyoulike(climb)themountainwithme?9.1sitnecessary(learn)aforeignlanguage?lO.Wouldyoumindnot(smoke)here?cryingcriedD二五選四【知識梳理】1題型概述該題型旨在考查學生對于詞匯的正確運用以及句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)的分析能力，是容易得分的題型之一。2解題思路和技巧通常情況下五選四是英語綜合試卷中詞匯與語法相結(jié)合的一部分，在具體解題過程中，主要是判斷所給單詞的詞性，再結(jié)合具體的句子結(jié)構(gòu)需要進行選擇?；窘忸}思路一一通過判斷單詞的詞性

21、、詞形和詞義，來選擇正確的單詞。首先判斷詞性中考的選詞填空由九選八改為兩篇五選四，實質(zhì)是降低了選擇的難度。因此在做選詞填空的時候，應當先從詞性的角度進行判斷，將可能的詞性篩選出來。通過判斷詞形確定所填詞或短語判斷出詞性后，通過對該詞的適當形式進行判斷，也可以幫助解題：/理雪.剛比雄握1合詞單覚諛、樂iK塢首先判斷詞性中考的選詞填空由九選八改為兩篇五選四，實質(zhì)是降低了選擇的難度。因此在做選詞填空的時候，應當先從詞性的角度進行判斷，將可能的詞性篩選出來。通過判斷詞形確定所填詞或短語判斷出詞性后，通過對該詞的適當形式進行判斷，也可以幫助解題:動詞非謂語時態(tài)判斷各類非謂語搭配todo-,d-oing-

22、,do形容詞、副詞各種級的判斷比較級最咼級asas沒有比較級或最高級的含義常用于比較級的晅語:than,much,even常用于最高級的矩語：ofallthestudents,inthetlass,MKOf-最高級名詞名詞后有宵名詞后無曽可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)宮詞5通過判斷詞義確定所填詞或短語詞義判斷在選詞填空中，也是十分關鍵的。因此，在中考復習中，需要加強對高頻詞匯的意義的積累。平時在記憶單詞時，要加強英譯漢的訓練。掌握考綱單詞以及詞組的中文含義，根據(jù)上下文的情境，選擇出合適的詞語或短語。3.補充歸納常見詞性及用法詞性主要用法與句中位置例句名詞放句首作主語動詞或介詞后作賓語特點：代詞或

23、冠詞后需用名詞iemyfavouritedrink.V/?cantlivewithoutair.Theboytoliaveanewbike.動詞放句中作謂語放句中作主語在介詞后（動名詞形式）在另一動詞后（非謂語形式）Thenunenjoyeda.wonderfulnight.MaMngaplanisverrimportant.Wearefond,ofplayingfootball.WehopetoRsvenotiirchance.冊容詞系動詞后作表語名詞前作定語Thelitdegirlseemsveryexcited.Theyboughtanexp皀nsiv呂car.副詞修飾動詞在形容訶或副訶

24、或整句句百Ttiev/iM皿緲workedouttheproblem.Ln皀兗逝,wefoundourway.Samwasex茁少te樂Isppy.介詞后加名詞，動名詞等Theyoungtnantmdealiningbysdlingnewspiapers.Ihadagoodtime鹹htheitaily.連詞并列連詞：連接平行的詞拒語或句子勺從屬連詞：通常引導另一個從句Weneedtoenco-uragehimas詫Uasgivehim.ahand.Theboy左lateforschoolbeanisehestayed,uplastnight.【例題精講】A.eventhoughB.stron

25、gC.comeoutD.raiseE.connect例1.Whatdomothersinyourcountrydowhenachildstoothfallsout?Japanesemothersthrowupperteethunderthehouse,andlowerteethontotheroof.TheJapanesethinkamousecaneatanything.Sotheysay,Yournewtoothwillbejustlikeamousestooth!InNigeria,mothershidethetooth.ANigerianmomsays,Mr.Mouse,pleased

26、onoteatthistooth,orthenewtoothwillnot.Ifyoueatthistooth,Iwilllookforyoueverywhereandkillyou.HowinterestingthatpeopleinbothJapanandNigeriaababytoothwithamouse!Itsalsointerestingthatthesetwocountrieshavesimilarcustomstheyaresofarapart.A.dangerousB.driversC.betterD.responsiblyE.serviceTheresnewtaxibusi

27、nessinDaker,thecapitaloftheAfricannationofSenegal.ItsnameisTaxiSistersandallofitsarewomen.Theyaregettingalotofattention,becauseuntilnowonlymenwerehiredtodrivetaxis.Infact,whenitcomestodrivingataxi,somepeoplethinkthewomencandoajobthanthemen.Mosttaxisdrivenbymenareold,hotanduncomfortable.Also,themenus

28、uallyhavebaddrivinghabits.Theydriveonthesidewalksanddonotobeytrafficlights.Thismakesridingintheirtaxis.However,TaxiSisterscabsarebrand-new,andallthevehicleshaveairconditioning.Mostcityresidentsarehappyaboutthechange.Inadditiontotheaddedcomfort,theyfeelthatthewomendrivemorethanthemen.【課堂練習】A.discover

29、sB.equalC.environmentD.preciousE.expressesThestorystartsinacitycalledZootopia,whichisacitylikenoother.Itsameltingpotwhereanimalsfromeverylivetogetheraplacewherenomatterwhatyouare,fromthebiggestelephanttothesmallestshrew（地鼠），youcanbeanything.ButwhenthehappyofficerJudyHoppsarrives,shethatbeingthefirst

30、rabbitonapolicestationofbigandtoughanimalsisntsoeasy.Thelittlerabbitdecidedtoproveherself.Shejumpsatthegoldenchancetodealwithacase,evenifitmeansworkingwithafox,NickWilde,tosolvethemystery（奧秘）.Thefilmthemeaningthatweshouldnevergiveuponadreamorsettledown.Wereall,andthereforeshouldtreat（對待）otherstheway

31、wewishtobetreated.Thefilmcreatesasenseofinspiration,encouragingbothkidsandadultstoaimhigh,workhardandsucceed.A.seriousB.simpleC.againstD.cancelE.focusManystudentssufferfromstressintheirdailylives.Theyareunderstressbecausetheirlivesarenotbalanced.They(1)toomuchnonstudying,dealingwithpressureandworryi

32、ngaboutwhatothersthink,andnotenoughonotherthings.Youmaywonderwhetherstressisa(2)matter.Theansweris“Yes.Youshouldbeawarethatstressisadangertoyourhealth.Ifyouwanttolivea1ong1ife,youneedtobegintofight(3)stressfromayoungage.Herearesomewaystodealwithstressandbringbalancetoyourlife:Bepositive.Onewayto(4)y

33、ourstressisthroughpositivethinking,Youshouldalwayslookontherightsideoflife,andimaginethatyouwillhaveahappyandsuccessfulfuture.裸后作建裸后作建Thisbookwillshowyoucanbeusedinothercontexts.howyouhaveobservedwhatyouhaveobservedthatyouhaveobservedhowthatyouhaveobservedThisbookLucys.Look!Hernameisonthebookcover.O

34、K.Goahead.Youareright.A.directorsB.producedC.rarelyD.gainedE.detailsZootopia（瘋狂動物城）,knownasZootropolisinEurope,isa2019American3Dcomputer-animatedcomedyadventurefilmbyWaltDisneyAnimationStudiosandreleasedbyWaltDisneyPictures.Itisthe55thanimatedfeature（動畫長片）intheWaltDisneyAnimatedClassicsseries.ByronH

35、owardandRichMoorearetheofZootopiaandfeaturethevoicesofGinniferGoodwin,JasonBateman,IdrisElba,J.K.Simmons,TommyChong,OctaviaSpencer,JennySlate,andShakira.ItwasreleasedintheDisneyDigital3D,RealD3D,andIMAX3DformatsonMarch4,2019.Uptonow,Zootopiahasatotalof$311.7millionworldwide.Thefilmtellsinallitstheun

36、likelypartnershipbetweenarabbitpoliceofficerandaredfoxconartist（騙子）.YoucanfindmanysuchpublishedbooksintheShanghaiLibrary.（news）8.SirFrancoisHollandewaselectedpresidentofin2019.（Frenchman）9.Thegirlstalkedallthewaywhentheycameoutofcinema.（exciting）10.Iboughtastorybooktwoweeksago.（保持原句意思）Iastorybookfor

37、twoweeks.11.1thinkwealthislessimportantthanhealth.（同義句轉(zhuǎn)換）Ithinkwealthisimportantthanhealth.Theredcarbelongstomymother.（對戈ll線部分提問）belongtoyourmother?Thedecisiontofurtherallorpartofyourstudiesoutsideyourcountryisaseriousone,andonewhichformoststudentswillhaveaspeciallife-longbenefit.IfyourealizeEnglish

38、willhelpyouinyourcareerandenrichyourpersonallife,youwillfindthatcomingtoEnglandtostudyEnglishisaveryspecialethatyouwillneverforget.IamverypleasedtohavethisopportunitytoinviteyoutojoinourEnglishLanguagecourses.Londonisoneoftheworldsoutstandingcandtradecenter.Youwillliveinoneoftheworldsgreatcities.Itp

39、rovidestheperfectarrangementsinwhichtolearnanddevelopEnglishlanguageskills.TheinternationalbodyofthestudentsattendingcoursesatEnglishlanguageInstitutesinLondonprovidesanabecauseitisagoodchanceforyoutoenjoyotherculturesinsurroundingstodeveloppersonalcharacter.Asweprepareforthe21stCentury,internationa

40、lcommunicationhasneverbeenmoreimportant.Tomasteraforeignlanguageisbecomingausefultoolfortrade,industrialandprofessionals.OuraimattheEnglishlanguageInstitutesistodstudentsEnglishlanguageskillsinfriendlyandhelpfulconditions.Supportedbycomputer,videoandaudioequipment,andusingsoundclassroom,ourteamoftea

41、cherswillguideyouthroughyourccourseofstudy,youwillreceiveexcellentserviceandadviceateverystage.Ourout-of-classsupportstaffwillhelpyousettleinandmakethemostofyourstayinLondon.Truly,youwillenjoyyourselfinLondonandmakefriendshipsthatwilllastalifetime.IhopewecanwelcomeyoutothiseworldofLondon.Comeandseeu

42、s!VisitaclassinanyoftheEnglishLanguageInstitutes.SeeforyourselfwhyweencourageyoutostudyinLondon.14.（上海徐匯區(qū)二模）Venus（金星）haslongbeenoneofthemostmisunderstoodplanets.Liketheearth,Venushasitsownatmosphere.However,theatmosphereismuchthickerthanthatoftheearth,whichmakesitdifficultformodernscientiststostudy.

43、Thereismuchwestilldonotknowaboutwhatthisplanetislike.However,usingspecialmachines,scientistshave?unlockedmanyofthelong-hiddensecretsinrecentyears.VenusisinmanywaysEarthssisterplanet.Itisalmostthesameinsizeandchemistryastheearth.Inotherwords,Venusismadeupofalmosttheexactsametypesofmaterialsastheearth

44、,inaboutthesameamounts.?IntheearlydaysofVenus4-billion-year-oldlife,itwouldhaveappearedverysimilartotheearth.Thetwowouldhavebeenalmostthesame.However,overaperiodofafewmillionyearsago,Venustookaverydifferentcoursethantheearth.Venusliesmuchclosertothesunthanourplanet.IthasmadeVenusterriblyhot.Sinceitisclosertothesun,Venustemperatureshouldbealittlewarmerthanthatoftheearth.Astheplanetwarmed,waterwhichcanbeusedtoformocea