電子信息工程測控技術(shù)與儀器外文翻譯外文文獻英文文獻

1、PAGE PAGE 20外文出處：Springeer-Linnk電子期刊刊附件1：外文資料翻譯譯文SJA1000 獨立的CAN控制器應(yīng)用指南1 介紹SJA10000是一個獨立立的CAN控制器器，它在汽車車和普通的工工業(yè)應(yīng)用上有有先進的特征征。由于它和和PCA82CC200 在硬硬件和軟件都都兼容，因此此它將會替代代PCA82CC200。SJA10000有一系系列先進的功功能適合于多多種應(yīng)用，特特別在系統(tǒng)優(yōu)優(yōu)化、診斷和和維護方面非非常重要。本文是要指導(dǎo)用用戶設(shè)計基于于SJA10000 的完完整的CANN節(jié)點。同時時本文還提供供典型的應(yīng)用用電路圖和編編程的流程圖圖。2 概述SJA10000 獨立的

2、CANN控制器有2個不同的操操作模式：BasicCAAN模式(和和PCA82CC200）兼容PeliCANN模式BasicCAAN模式是上上電后默認的的操作模式。因因此，用PCCA82C2000開發(fā)的已有有硬件和軟件件可以直接在在SJA10000上使用用，而不用作作任何修改。PeliCANN模式是新的的操作模式，它它能夠處理所所有CAN22.0B 規(guī)規(guī)范的幀類型型。而且它還還提供一些增增強功能使SSJA10000能應(yīng)用于于更寬的領(lǐng)域域。2.1 CANN 節(jié)點結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)通常，每個CAAN 模塊能能夠被分成不不同的功能塊塊。SJA11000使用3 4 55最優(yōu)化的的CAN收發(fā)器器連接到CAAN 。收發(fā)

3、發(fā)器控制從CCAN控制器器到總線物理理層或相反的的邏輯電平信信號。上面一層是一個個CAN 控制制器，它執(zhí)行行在CAN規(guī)范8里規(guī)定定的完整的CCAN協(xié)議。它它通常用于報報文緩沖和驗驗收濾波，而所有這些些CAN功能，都都由一個模塊塊控制器控制制它負責(zé)執(zhí)行行應(yīng)用的功能能。例如，控控制執(zhí)行器、讀讀傳感器和處處理人機接口口（MMI）。如圖1所示，SSJA10000獨立的CANN控制器通常常位于微型控控制器和收發(fā)發(fā)器之間，大大多數(shù)情況下下這個控制器器是一個集成成電路。圖1 CANN模塊裝置2.2 結(jié)構(gòu)圖圖下圖是SJA11000 的結(jié)構(gòu)圖圖2 SJAA1000的的結(jié)構(gòu)圖根據(jù)CAN規(guī)范范，CAN核心模模塊控制

4、CAAN幀的發(fā)送送和接收。接口管理邏輯負負責(zé)連接外部部主控制器，該該控制器可以以是微型控制制器或任何其其他器件。經(jīng)經(jīng)過SJA11000復(fù)用用的地址/數(shù)據(jù)總線訪訪問寄存器和和控制讀/寫選通信號號都在這里處處理。另外，除除了PCA82CC200已有的的BasiccCAN功能能，還加入了了一個新的PPeliCAAN 功能。因因此，附加的的寄存器和邏邏輯電路主要要在這塊里生生效。SJA10000的發(fā)送緩沖沖器能夠存儲儲一個完整的的報文（擴展展的或標準的的）。當(dāng)主控控制器初始化化發(fā)送，接口口管理邏輯會會使CAN 核心模模塊從發(fā)送緩緩沖器讀CAAN 報文。當(dāng)收到一個報文文時，CANN核心模塊將將串行位流轉(zhuǎn)

5、轉(zhuǎn)換成用于驗驗收濾波器的的并行數(shù)據(jù)。通通過這個可編編程的濾波器器SJA10000 能確確定主控制器器要接收哪些些報文。所有收到的報文文由驗收濾波波器驗收并存存儲在接收FFIFO。儲存報文的的多少由工作作模式?jīng)Q定，而而最多能存儲儲32個報文。因因為數(shù)據(jù)超載載可能性被大大大降低，這這使用戶能更更靈活地指定定中斷服務(wù)和和中斷優(yōu)先級級。3 系統(tǒng)為了連接到主控控制器，SJJA10000提供一個復(fù)復(fù)用的地址/數(shù)據(jù)總線和和附加的讀/寫控制信號號。SJA11000可以以作為主控制制器外圍存儲儲器映射的II/O器件。3.1 SJAA1000 的應(yīng)用SJA10000 的寄存器器和管腳配置置使它可以使使用各種各樣樣

6、集成或分立立的CAN收發(fā)器器。由于有不不同的微控制制器接口，應(yīng)應(yīng)用可以使用用不同的微控控制器。圖3所示是一個個包括80CC51微型控制制器和PCAA82C2511收發(fā)器的典典型SJA11000應(yīng)用用。CAN 控制器功能能像是一個時時鐘源，復(fù)位位信號由外部部復(fù)位電路產(chǎn)產(chǎn)生。在這個個例子里，SSJA10000 的片選選由微控制器器的P2.77口控制。否否則，這個片片選輸入必須須接到VSSS。它也可以通通過地址譯碼碼器控制，例例如，當(dāng)?shù)刂分?數(shù)據(jù)總線用用于其他外圍圍器件的時侯侯。圖3 典型的SSJA10000應(yīng)用3.2 電源SJA10000有三對電源源引腳，用于于CAN 控制制器內(nèi)部不同同的數(shù)字和模

7、模擬模塊。VDD1/VSSS1：內(nèi)部邏輯 （數(shù)字）VDD2/VSSS2：輸入比較器器 （模擬）VDD3/VSSS3： 輸出驅(qū)動器器 （模擬）為了有更好的EEME性能，電電源應(yīng)該分隔隔開來。例如如為了抑制比比較器的噪聲聲，VDD22 可以用一一個RC濾波器來來退耦。3.3 復(fù)位為了使SJA11000正確確復(fù)位，CAAN控制器的的XTAL11管腳必須連連接一個穩(wěn)定定的振蕩器時時鐘（見3.4）節(jié)。引腳177的外部復(fù)位位信號要同步步并被內(nèi)部延延長到15個tXTALL。這保證了SJJA10000 所有寄存存器能夠正確確復(fù)位（見1 ）。要注意的的是上電后的的振蕩器的起起振時間必須須要考慮。3.4 振蕩器器

8、和時鐘策略略SJA10000能用片內(nèi)振振蕩器或片外外時鐘源工作作。另外CLLKOUT管管腳可被使能能，向主控制制器輸出時鐘鐘頻率。圖44顯示了SJAA1000應(yīng)應(yīng)用的四個不不同的定時原原理。如果不不需要CLKKOUT信號號，可以通過過置位時鐘分分頻寄存器（Clock Off=1）關(guān)斷。這將改善CAN節(jié)點的EME性能。CLKOUT信號的頻率可以通過時鐘分頻寄存器改變：fCLKOUTT = fXXTAL / 時鐘分頻頻因子（1，2，4，6，8 ，10 ，12 ，14）。上電或硬件復(fù)位位后，時鐘分分頻因子的默默認值由所選選的接口模式式（引腳111）決定。如果果使用16MMHz的晶振振，Inteel

9、模式下下CLKOUUT 的頻率率是8 MHHz， Motoorola 模式中復(fù)位位后的時鐘分分頻因子是112，這種情況CLLKOUT會會產(chǎn)生1.333MHz的的頻率。圖4 時鐘策略略3.4.1 睡睡眠和喚醒置位命令寄存器器的進入睡眠眠位（BassicCANN ）模式或模式式寄存器（PPeliCAAN模式）的的睡眠模式位位后，如果沒沒有總線活動動和中斷等待待，SJA11000就會會進入睡眠模模式。振蕩器器在15個CAN位時間間內(nèi)保持運行行狀態(tài)。此時時,微型控制制器用CLKKOUT頻率率來計時，進進入自己的低低功耗模式。如如果出現(xiàn)三個個喚醒條件之之中的一個1，振蕩器會再再次啟動并產(chǎn)產(chǎn)生一個喚醒醒中

10、斷。振蕩蕩器穩(wěn)定后，CLKOUT頻率被激活。3.5 CPUU接口SJA10000支持直接連連接到兩個著著名的微型控控制器系列：80C51和68xx。通過SJA11000的MODE引腳腳可選擇接口口模式： Intel模式式： MODE 高Motorolla模式： MODE 低地址/數(shù)據(jù)總線線和讀/寫控制信號號在Inteel模式和Mottorolaa模式的連接接如圖5所示。Phiilips基基于80C51系列的8位微控制器器和XA結(jié)構(gòu)的16位微型控控制器都使用用Intell 模式。為了和其他控制制器的地址數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)總線和控控制信號匹配配，必須要附附加邏輯電路路。但是必須須確保在上電電期間不產(chǎn)生生寫脈沖

11、。另另一個方法在在這個時候使使片選輸入是是高電平，禁禁能CAN 控制器。圖5 SJA11000的CCPU時鐘接接口3.6 物理層層接口為了和PCA882C2000兼容,SJAA1000包包括一個模擬擬接收輸入比比較器電路。如如果收發(fā)器的的功能由分立立元件實現(xiàn)，就就要用到這個集成的的比較器。圖6 SJA11000的接收輸入入比較器如果使用外部集集成收發(fā)器電電路，而且沒沒有在時鐘分分頻寄存器里里使能比較器器旁路功能，RRX1輸出要要被連接到22.5V 的的參考電壓（現(xiàn)有的收發(fā)發(fā)器電路參考考電壓輸出）。圖6顯示了兩種種設(shè)置的相應(yīng)應(yīng)電路：CBP=激激活和CBPP=非激活另另外喚醒信號號的通道被下下拉對

12、于使用用集成的收發(fā)發(fā)器電路的所所有新應(yīng)用我我們建議激活活（使用）SJAA1000的的比較器旁路路功能（圖7）。如果這這個功能被使使能，施密特觸發(fā)發(fā)器的輸入有有效，內(nèi)部的傳播延遲tD2比比接收比較器器的延遲tDD1要小得多多。它對最大的的總線長度6有正面面的影響。另外，休眠模式的的電流將顯著著降低。圖7 帶有集成成收發(fā)器電路路的標準應(yīng)用用附件2：外文原原文（復(fù)印件件）SJA10000 Stannd-aloone CAAN conntrolller1. INTRRODUCTTIONThe SJAA1000 is a standd-alonne CANN Conttrolleer prooduct

13、with advannced ffeaturres foor usee in aautomootive and ggeneraal inddustriial appplicaationss. It is inntendeed to replaace thhe PCAA82C2000 becaause iit is hardwware aand sooftwarre commpatibble. DDue too an eenhancced seet of functtions this devicce is well suiteed forr manyy appllicatiions eespe

14、ciially when systeem opttimizaation, diaggnosiss and mainttenancce aree impoortantt.This reeport is inntendeed to guidee the user in deesigniing coomplette CANN nodees bassed onn the SJA10000. TThe reeport proviides ttypicaal appplicattion ccircuiit diaagramss and flow chartts forr proggrammiing.2.

15、OVERRVIEWThe staand-allone CCAN coontrolller SSJA10000 1has two ddifferrent MModes of Opperatiion:- BasiccCAN MMode (PCA822C200 compaatiblee)- PeliCCAN MoodeUpon Poower-uup thee BasiicCAN Mode is thhe deffault mode of opperatiion. CConseqquentlly, exxistinng harrdwaree and softwware ddevelooped ffor

16、 thhe PCAA82C2000 can be ussed wiithoutt any changge. Inn addiition to thhe funnctionns knoown frrom thhe PCAA82C2000 7, somme exttra feeaturees havve beeen impplemennted iin thiis modde whiich maake thhe devvice mmore aattracctive. Howeever, they do noot inffluencce thee comppatibiility to thhe PCA

17、A82C2000.The PelliCAN Mode is a new mmode oof opeeratioon whiich iss ablee to hhandlee all framee typees acccordinng to CAN sspecifficatiion 2.0B 8. Furrthermmore iit proovidess a coouple of ennhanceed feaaturess whicch makkes thhe SJAA1000 suitaable ffor a wide rangee of aappliccationns.2.1 CANN No

18、dee ArchhitecttureGenerallly eaach CAAN moddule ccan bee diviided iinto ddifferrent ffunctiional blockks. Thhe connnectiion too the CAN bbus liines iis usuually builtt withh a CAAN Traansceiiver ooptimiized ffor thhe appplicattions 3, 4, 5. Thee trannsceivver coontrolls thee logiic levvel siignalss

19、fromm the CAN ccontrooller into the pphysiccal leevels on thhe buss and vice versaa.The nexxt uppper leevel iis a CCAN Coontrolller wwhich impleementss the compllete CCAN prrotocool deffined in thhe CANN Speccificaation 8. Oftten itt alsoo coveers meessagee buffferingg and accepptancee filtteringg.A

20、ll theese CAAN funnctionns aree conttrolleed by a Moddule CControoller whichh perfforms the ffunctiionaliity off the appliicatioon. Foor exaample, it ccontrools acctuatoors, rreads sensoors annd hanndles the mman-maachinee inteerfacee (MMII).As showwn in Figurre 1 tthe SJJA10000 stannd-aloone CAAN c

21、onntrolller iss alwaays loocatedd betwween aa micrroconttrolleer andd the transsceiveer, whhich iis an integgratedd circcuit iin mosst casses. 2.2 Bloock DiiagrammThe folllowinng figgure sshows the bblock diagrram off the SJA10000.The CANN Coree Blocck conntrolss the transsmissiion annd recceptioon

22、of CAN fframess accoordingg to tthe CAAN speecificcationn.The Intterfacce Mannagemeent Loogic bblock perfoorms aa linkk to tthe exxternaal hosst conntrolller whhich ccan bee a miicrocoontrolller oor anyy otheer devvice. Everyy regiister accesss viaa the SJA10000 muultipllexed addreess/daata buus and

23、d conttrolliing off the read/writee stroobes iis hanndled in thhis unnit. AAdditiionallly to the BBasicCCAN fuunctioons knnown ffrom tthe PCCA82C2000, neww PeliiCAN ffeaturres haave beeen addded. As a conseequencce of this, addiitionaal reggisterrs andd logiic havve beeen impplemennted mmainlyy in t

24、this bblock.The Traansmitt Bufffer off the SJA10000 iss ablee to sstore one ccompleete meessagee (Exttendedd or SStandaard). Wheneever aa trannsmisssion iis iniitiateed by the hhost ccontrooller the IInterfface MManageement Logicc forcces thhe CANN Coree Blocck to read the CCAN meessagee fromm the T

25、ranssmit BBufferr.When reeceiviing a messaage, tthe CAAN Corre Bloock coonvertts thee seriial biit strream iinto pparalllel daata foor thee Acceeptancce Fillter. With this progrrammabble fiilter the SSJA10000 deccides whichh messsages actuaally aare reeceiveed by the hhost ccontrooller.All recceived

26、d messsages acceppted bby thee acceeptancce fillter aare sttored withiin a RReceivve FIFFO. Deependiing onn the mode of opperatiion annd thee dataa lenggth upp to 332 messsagess can be sttored. Thiss enabbles tthe usser too be mmore fflexibble whhen sppecifyying iinterrrupt sservicces annd intterrup

27、pt priioritiies foor thee systtem beecausee the probaabilitty of data overrrun coonditiions iis redduced extreemely. 3. SYSTTEMFor connnectiion too the host contrrollerr, thee SJA11000 pproviddes a multiiplexeed adddress/data bus aand addditioonal rread/wwrite contrrol siignalss. Thee SJA11000 ccoul

28、d be seeen ass a peeripheeral mmemoryy mappped I/O devvice ffor thhe hosst conntrolller.3.1 SJAA1000 AppliicatioonConfiguuratioon Reggisterrs andd pinss of tthe SJJA10000 alloow to use aall kiinds oof inttegratted orr disccrete CAN ttranscceiverrs. Duue to the fflexibble miicrocoontrolller iinterffa

29、ce aappliccationns witth diffferennt miccroconntrolllers aare poossiblle.In Figuure 3 a typpical SJA10000 appplicaation diagrram inncludiing 800C51 mmicroccontrooller and PPCA82CC251 ttranscceiverr is sshown. The CAN ccontrooller functtions as a clockk sourrce annd thee reseet siggnal iis genneratee

30、d by an exxternaal resset ciircuittry. IIn thiis exaample the cchip sselectt of tthe SJJA10000 is ccontroolled by thhe miccroconntrolller poort fuunctioon P2.7. Innsteadd of tthis, the cchip sselectt inpuut couuld bee tiedd to VVSS. CControol viaa an aaddresss deccoder is poossiblle, e.g., wwhen tth

31、e adddresss/dataa bus is ussed foor othher peeripheerals.3.2 Powwer SuupplyThe SJAA1000 has tthree pairss of vvoltagge suppply ppins wwhich are uused ffor diiffereent diigitall and analoog intternall bloccks off the CAN ccontrooller.VDD1 / VSS1: inteernal logicc (diggital)VDD2 / VSS2: inpuut commpar

32、attor (aanalogg)VDD3 / VSS3: outpput drriver (anallog)The suppply hhas beeen seeparatted foor bettter EEME beehavioour. FFor innstancce thee VDD22 can be dee-couppled vvia ann RC3.3 RessetFor a pproperr reseet of the SSJA10000 a sstablee osciillatoor cloock haas to be prrovideed at XTAL11 of tthe CA

33、AN conntrolller, ssee allso chhapterr 3.4. An eexternnal reeset oon pinn 17 iis synnchronnized and iinternnally lengtthenedd to 115 . Thiss guarranteees a ccorrecct resset off all SJA10000 reegisteers (ssee 1). Noote thhat ann osciillatoor staart-upp timee has to bee takeen intto acccount upon power

34、r-up.3.4 Osccillattor annd Cloockingg StraategyThe SJAA1000 can ooperatte witth thee on-cchip ooscilllator or wiith exxternaal cloock soourcess. Addditionnally the CCLK OUUT pinn can be ennabledd to ooutputt the clockk freqquencyy for the hhost ccontrooller. Figuure 4 showss fourr diffferentt clocck

35、ing princcipless for appliicatioons wiith thhe SJAA1000. If tthe CLLK OUTT signnal iss not needeed, itt can be swwitcheed offf withh the Clockk Diviider rregistter (CClock Off = 1). This will improove thhe EMEE perfformannce off the CAN nnode.The freequenccy of the CCLK OUUT siggnal ccan bee channge

36、d wwith tthe Cllock DDivideer Reggisterr:f = f / Clocck Divvider factoor (1,2,4,66,8,100,12,114).Upon poower uup or hardwware rreset the ddefaullt vallue foor thee Clocck Divvider factoor deppends on thhe sellectedd inteerfacee modee (pinn 11). If aa 16 MMHz crrystall is uused iin Inttel moode, tthe

37、 frrequenncy att CLK OUT iis 8 MMHz. IIn Mottorolaa modee a Cllock DDivideer facctor oof 12 is ussed uppon reeset wwhich resullts inn 1,333 MHz in thhis caase. 3.4.1 SSleep and WWake-uupUpon seettingg the Go Too Sleeep bitt in tthe Coommandd Regiister (BasiicCAN mode) or tthe Slleep MMode bbit inn t

38、he Mode Regisster (PeliCCAN moode) tthe SJJA10000 willl enteer Sleeep Moode iff therre is no buus acttivityy and no innterruupt iss pendding. The ooscilllator keepss on rrunninng unttil 155 CAN bit ttimes have been passeed. Thhis alllows a miccroconntrolller cllockedd withh the CLK OOUT frrequenncy

39、too enteer itss own low ppower consuumptioon modde.If one of thhree ppossibble waake-upp condditionns 1occuurs thhe osccillattor iss starrted aagain and aa Wakee-up iinterrrupt iis gennerateed. Ass soonn as tthe osscillaator iis staable tthe CLLK OUTT freqquencyy is aactivee.3.5 CPUU InteerfaceeThe

40、SJAA1000 suppoorts tthe diirect conneectionn to ttwo faamous microocontrrollerr famiilies: 80C51 and 668xx. With the MMODE ppin off the SJA10000 thhe intterfacce modde is seleccted.Intel MMode: MODE = higghMotorolla Modde: MOODE = lowThe connnectiion foor thee addrress/ddata bbus annd thee readd/wri

41、tte conntrol signaals inn bothh Inteel andd Motoorola mode is shhown iin Figgure 55. Forr Phillips 88-bit microocontrrollerrs bassed onn the 80C51 familly andd the 16-biit miccroconntrolllers wwith XXA arcchiteccture the IIntel Mode is ussed.For othher coontrolllers addittionall gluee logiic is necesssary for aadaptaation of thhe adddress/data bus aand thhe conntrol signaals. HHoweveer, itt has to bee madee suree thatt no wwrite pulsees aree geneeratedd duriing poower-uup. Annotherr posssibiliity iss to d