外研英語選修課文原文每個模塊篇文章齊全

1、外研英語選修6所有閱讀課文原文（每個模塊4篇）Module1SmallTalkHowGoodAreYourSocialSkills?Haveyouevercrossedtheroadtoavoidtalkingtosomeoneyourecognize?Wouldyoulovetogotoapartyandtalkconfidentlytoeveryguest?Doyouwanttomakemorefriendsbutlacktheconfidencetotalktopeopleyoudontknow?Andareyounervousabouttheideaofbeingatasocialev

2、entinanothercountry?Dontworrywecanhelpyou!Youneedntworryaboutsituationsliketheseifyouhavesocialskillscommunicatewellandknowhowtohaveaconversation.Ithelpsifyoudoalittleadvanceplanning.Hereareafewideastohelpyou.Learnhowtodosmalltalk.Smalltalkisveryimportantandpreparesyouformoreseriousconversations.Bep

3、repared!Havesomelow-riskconversationopenersready.Forexample:Thinkofarecentnewsstorynottoserious,e.g.astoryaboutafilmstarorsportsstar.Thinkofthingstotellpeopleaboutyourstudies.Thinkof“safe”thingsyoucanaskpeoplesopinionsaboutmusic,sport,films,etc.Thinkoftopicsthatyouwouldavoidifyouweretalkingtostrange

4、rsandavoidtalkingaboutthem!Thatway,youdontdamageyourconfidence!DevelopyourlisteningskillsListeningisaskillwhichmostpeoplelack,butcommunicationisatwo-wayprocessitinvolvesspeakingANDlistening.Alwaysrememberyouwontimpresspeopleifyoutalktoomuch.Herearesomeideastomakeyouabetterlistener:DOShowthatyouareli

5、steningbyusingencouragingnoisesandgesturessmiling,nodding,saying“uh-huh”and“OK”,etc.KeepgoodeyecontactUsepositivebodylanguageAskformoreinformationtoshowyourinterestDONTLookatyourwatchYawnSignLookawayfromthepersonwhostalkingtoyouChangethesubjectFinishotherpeoplessentencesforthemAlwaysrememberthewords

6、ofBenjaminDisraeli,BritishPrimeMinisterinthe19century:“Talktoamanabouthimself,andhewillspeaktoyouforhours!”LearntherulesIfyougotoasocialoccasioninanothercountry,rememberthatsocialrulescanbedifferent.Insomecountries,forexample,youhavetoarriveontimeataparty;inothercountries,youdontneedto.Inaddition,yo

7、uneedtoknowhowlongyoushouldstay,andwhenyouhavetoleave.Somehostsexpectflowersorasmallgift,butinotherplaces,youcantakethings,butyouneedntifyoudontwantt.rememberalsothatinsomecountries,youmustnttakeflowersofacertaincolour,becausetheyreunlucky.Inmostplaces,youdonthavetotakeagifttoapartybutfindourfirst!T

8、heWrongKindofSmallTalkEstherGreenbaumwasasaleswomanforafirmoffaxmachinesandbusinesssupplies.Butshewasalsothemostoutspokenhumanbeingintheworldwell,WestchesterCounty,atleast.Hermottowas“EverytimeIopenmymouth,Iputmyfootinit.”EstherGreenbaumsmajorshortcomingwasthatshehadacompleteabsenceofsmalltalk.No,th

9、atnotquitetrue.Shehadsmalltalk,butitwasthewrongkind.Infact,shehadneverlearntthebasicrulesofsocialcommunication,andasaconsequence,shemadesystematicmistakeseverytimesheopenedhermouth.Itwasnocoincidenceeitherthatshewasntgoodsaleswoman.Onedayduringameeting,Estherwasintroducedtoanimportantcustomer,amatur

10、ewoman.avery“Nicetomeetyou,”shesaid.“Howoldareyou?”Thecustomerlookedawkward.“Forty?Forty-five?”saidEsther.“Youkookmucholder.Andyourfriendshesolderthanyou,butshelooksmuchyounger!”O(jiān)nanotheroccasion,Estherteasedatypist,“Hey!Whensyourbabydue?”ThetypistwentredandcontradictedEsther.“Actually,Imnotpregnant

11、,”shesaid.“Oh,sorry,”saidEstherwithoutanyapology.“Justputtingonalittleweight,huh?”Estherwasnevercautiousaboutotherpeoplesfeelings.Oneofheracquaintances,asalesmaninthefirm,wasgoingthroughaverymessydivorceandwasverydepressed.Shetriedtocheerhimup.“Forgether!Shewasacompletefool.Noonelikedheranyway.”Much

12、ofthetime,Esthersaidthefirstthingtocomeintoherhead.Onedayatwork,aclerkcameintotheofficewithanewhairstyle.“Nicehaircut,”saidEsther.“Howmuchdiditcost?”Thewomanreplied,“Idrathernotsay.”Estherreplied,“Well,anyhow,eitheryoupaidtoomuchoryoupaidtoolittle.”Shemetaveryfamouswriteronce.“Hey,whatacoincidence!”

13、shesaid.“YourewritingabookandImreadingone!”ThetroublewithEstherwasshesaidwhatshethought,anddidntthinkaboutwhatshesaid.Ayoungmanwastryingtomodestabouthisnewjobmanymilesaway.“Iguessthecompanychosemesotheydgetsomepeaceintheoffice,”hesmiled.“No,Iguesstheychoseyoutodiscourageyoufromspendingyourwholecaree

14、rwithus,”Estherrepliedsweetly.Once,Estherwenttoabrunchpartytomeetsomeoldschoolfriendsontheanniversaryoftheirgraduation.Shegreetedthehostess.“Doyourememberthatguyyouweredating?Whathappenedtohim?”sheasked.“Youknow,theuglyone.”Atthemoment,amancameupandstoodbyherfriend.“Esther,Idlikeyoutomeetmyhusband,”

15、shesaid,“Charles,thisis”Estherinterruptedher,“Hey,soyoumarriedhim!”MakingFriendsintheUSAIntheUSA,conversationislesslivelythaninmanyothercultures,whereeveryonetalksatthesametime.Whensomeonetalks,everyoneisexpectedtolisten,nomatterhowdullthepersonsspeakingmaybe.Ifyourenotsurewhattotalkabout,youcanaskw

16、hatpeopledo.Weredefinedbyourjobsandwereusuallyhappytotalkaboutthem,unlessyourespy!SomepeoplesaythatAmericanstalkabouttheirfeelingsmorethanAsians,butaremoresecretiveaboutfactualmatters.Youcansafelyaskquestionsaboutfamilies,whereyoucomefrom,leisureinterests,aswellasthelatestmovies.Wereinterestedinpeop

17、lesethnicbackgroundtoo.Butitsbesttoavoidpolitics,religionandothersensitivetopics.Ahighlypersonalconversationcantakeplaceafteraveryshortperiodofknowingsomeone,butthisdoesntmeanthatyoureclosefriends,ortherelationshipisverydeep.Butalotofpeopleareveryfriendlyandhospitable,andthefamousinvitation“Ifyouree

18、verinMinneapolis/SanDiego/Poughkeepsie,docallbyandseeus!”isnevermadewithoutagenuinedesiretomeetagain.ButwhilefewAmericanswillworryaboutthequestionsyoumayask,particularlyifyouclearlyshowyoureawareofculturaldifferences,theymayhesitatebeforetheyaskyousimilarquestions.Infact,itsasignthattheydontwishtovi

19、olateyourprivatelife.So,manyAmericanswilltalkaboutsafetopicsbecausetheydontdaretobetoocuriousorpersonal,butwillhappilytalkaboutmoreprivatemattersifyoutakethelead.Generallywedislikearguments,andweavoidtopicswhichleadtodisagreement.Itseasytoreturntodiscussingtheweather:“DoyouliketheUSA?”Howdoyouliketh

20、eweather?”ormakingcompliments:”Whatlovelyflowersandwhatabeautifulvase!”“Thatsfabulousdressyourewearing.”Youshouldacceptcomplimentsgraciouslyandsay“Thankyou!”Thereareacoupleofdangeroustopicsofconversation:ageandmoney.Ageisnottreatedassomethingveryspecial,unlesssomeoneisveryold:“Isntshewonderfulforher

21、age!”andtherearenospecialrulesorsignsofextrarespectforelderlypeople.Anyway,Americansalwayswanttolookyoungerthantheyreallyare,sodontexpectanaccuratereply!Incomeisaveryprivatematter,andyouddowelltoavoidaskinghowmuchpeopleearn,althoughsomepeoplemaynotonlybeopenaboutit,butshowofftheirwealth.Wedontaskhow

22、muchthingscost,either.Butwhatwedontlikeissilence,andalmostanythingisbetterthantheembarrassmentforaquietpartyandsilentguests.TheAAAItisestimatedthat80%ofallconversationinEnglishissmalltalk.Averyimportantfunctionofsmalltalkistoestablisharelationshipbetweenpeoplewhodontknoweachotherverywell,ordontknowe

23、achotheratall.PsychologistssaythatthemostsuccessfulformulaforsmalltalkbetweenpeoplelikethisistheAAAmodel.AAA=answer,addandask.Thisishowitworks.Imagineasituationwheretwostrangersaretalkingtoeachotheraftersomeonetheybothknowhaslefttheroom,orthecaforparty,etc.thefirstpersonasksaquestion:A:Doyoulivenear

24、here?Thesecondpersonrepliesbyansweringthequestion,addingsomeextrainformationandthenaskinganotherB:(Answer)Yes,Ido.(Add)InanapartmentonBrownStreet.(Ask)Doyoulivenearbytoo?Thefirstpersondoesthesame,answer,addandask:A:(Answer)No,IliveinBristol.question:(Add)ImjustvisitingLondon.(Ask)Haveyoulivedherelon

25、g?B:(Answer)Notsolong.(Add)Imovedherethreeyearsago.(Ask)WhatsthepurposeofyouvisittoThespeakersmayhavedifficultyatfirst,buttheysoonrealizethattheimportantthingisthattheyaresayingLondon?something.BycontinuingwiththeAAAmodel,theconversationcontinues.Becausethethingtheybothwanttoavoidisanembarrassingsil

26、ence.Theconversationcancontinueinthiswayforalongtime.However,somethingcanhappenthatcompletelychangestheatmosphere.B:WhydoyouliveinBristol?A:Imstudyingthere.History.Areyouastudent?B:Yes.AndIknowsomepeoplewhoarestudyingDoyouknowagirlcalledHelenBrown?atBristol.A:HelenBrown?Yes!Shesonofmybestfriends!you

27、knowher?HowdoB:Shesmycousin.Atthispoint,theAAAmodelstops.Becausetheyusedthisveryusefultechnique,theyfoundsomethingtheyhaveincommonatlast.Module2FantasyLiteratureTheCatThatVanishedWillwasstupefiedwithexhaustion,andhemighthavegoneontothenorth,orhemighthavelaidhisheadonthegrassunderoneofthosetreesandsl

28、ept;butashestoodtryingtoclearhishead,hesawacat.Shewasatabby,likeMoxie.ShepaddedoutofagardenontheOxfordsideoftheroad,whereWillwasstanding.Willputdownhisshoppingbagandheldouthishand,andthecatcameuptorubherheadagainsthisknuckles,justasMoxiedid.Ofcourse,everycatbehavedlikethat,butallthesameWillfeltsucha

29、longingtoturnforhomethattearsscaldedhiseyes.Eventuallythiscatturnedaway.Thiswasnight,andtherewasaterritorytopatrol,thereweremicetohunt.Shepaddedacrosstheroadandtowardsthebushesjustbeyondthehornbeamtrees,andthereshestopped.Willstillwatching,sawthecatbehavecuriously.Shereachedoutapawtopatsomethinginth

30、eairinfrontofher,somethingquiteinvisibletoWill.Thensheleaptbackwards,backarchedandfuronend,tailheldoutstiffly.Willknewcat-behaviour.Hewatchedmorealertlyasthecatapproachedthespotagain,justanemptypatchofgrassbetweenthehornbeamsandthebushesofagardenhedge,andpattedtheaironcemore.Againsheleaptback,butles

31、sfarandwithlessalarmthistime.Afteranotherfewsecondsofsniffing,touching,whisker-twitching,curiosityovercamewariness.Thecatsteppedforward,andvanished.Willblinked.Thenhestoodstill,closetothetrunkofthenearesttree,asatruckcameroundthecircleandsweptitslightsoverhim.Whenithadgonepasthecrossedtheroad,keepin

32、ghiseyesonthespotwherethecathadbeeninvestigating.Itwasnteasy,becausetherewasnothingtofixon,butwhenhecametotheplaceandcastabouttolookclosely,hesawit.Atleast,hesawitfromsomeangles.Itlookedasifsomeonehadcutapatchoutoftheair,abouttwometresfromtheedgeoftheroad,apatchroughlysquareinshapeandlessthanametrea

33、cross.Ifyouwerelevelwiththepatchsothatitwasedge-on,itwasnearlyinvisible,anditwascompletelyinvisiblefrombehind.Youcouldonlyseeitfromthesidenearesttheroad,andyoucouldntseeiteasilyevenfromthere,becauseallyoucouldseethroughitwasexactlythesamekindofthingthatlayinfrontofitonthisside:apatchofgrasslitbyastr

34、eetlight.ButWillknewwithouttheslightestdoubtthatthatpatchofgrassontheothersidewasinadifferentworld.Hecouldntpossiblyhavesaidwhy.Heknewitatonce,asstronglyasheknewthatfireburnedandkindnesswasgood.Hewaslookingatsomethingprofoundlyalien.Andforthatreasonalone,itenticedhimtostooppandlookfurther.Whathesawm

35、adehisheadswimandhisheartthumpharder,buthedidnthesitate:hepushedhisshoppingbagthrough,andthenscrambledthroughhimself,throughtheholeinthefabricofthisworldandintoanother.Hefoundhimselfstandingunderarowoftrees.Butnothornbeamtrees:theseweretallpalms,andtheyweregrowing,likethetreesinOxford,inalinealongth

36、egrass.Buthiswasthecentreofabroadboulevard,andatthesideoftheboulevardwasalineofcafesandsmallshops,allbrightlylit,allopen,andallutterlysilentandemptybeneathaskythickwithstars.Thehotnightwasladenwiththescentofflowersandwiththesaltsmellofthesea.Willlookedaroundcarefully.Behindhimthefullmoonsonedownover

37、adistantprospectofgreatgreenhills,andontheslopesatthefootofthehillsthereerehouseswithrichgardensandanopenparklandwithgrovesoftreesandthewhitegleamofaclassicaltemple.Justbesidehimwasthatbarepatchintheair,ashardtoseefromthissideasfromtheother,butdefinitelythere.HebenttolookthroughandsawtheroadinOxford

38、,hisownworld.Theturnedawaywithashudder:whateverthisnewworldwas,ithadtobebetterthanwhathedjustleft.Withadawninglight-headedness,thefeelingthathewasdreamingbutawakeatthesametime,hestoodupandlookedaroundforthecat,hisguide.TheelderstateswomanofBritishfantasyliteratureisJ.K.Rowling,thegiftedcreatorofHarr

39、yPotter.JoanneRowlingsrootsareinthesouthwestofEngland,whereshegrewup.ButtheideaforHarryPottercametoherwhileshewasonadelayedPortugal,whereshecontinuedtoaddfleshtothebonesofthefirstHarryPotterstory.ButhernameisforeverassociatedwithEdinburghinScotland,whereshelivedanddevelopedtheformatforthewholeseries

40、ofsevenbooks.beganthefirstdraftofHarryPotterandthePhilosophersStone.Shehadtheextraburdenoflookingafterherbabydaughterwhilesheworked,andbecauseshewastoopoortoownatypewriter,shewrotebyhand.ShespentmanyhoursoverasinglecupofcoffeeinawarmcafeteriainEdinburghbecauseshehadnomoneytopayfortheheatingathome.Su

41、ccesswasnotswiftandRowlingmighthavegivenup.Butshewasstubbornandovercameallthedifficulties.Itwasonlyin1997thatshecompletedthefirstHarryPotterstory,which,becausethepublishersintheUSArequestedanadjustmenttothetitle,wasalsoknownasHarryPotterandtheSorcerersStone.Rowlingalwaysintendedthatheroutputwouldbea

42、bookeveryyearuntilshehadfinishedtheseries.Infact,ittookherabouttenyearstocomplete.Butafterthefirstbook,thesuccessofeachofthefollowingtitleswasautomatic.Thefifthbook,TheOrderofthePhoenixsoldaboutsevenmillioncopiesthedayitwaspublished.Rowlingsstylehasbeenatargetforsomecriticism,butwhatmakesthebookssoi

43、mportantisthat,becausetheyappealtoreadersofallages,theycreateaspecialliterarybondbetweenparentsandchildren.Inanageofcomputergamesandtelevisionprogrammes,itisalsoclaimedtheyareresponsibleforarenewedinterestinreading.HarryPotterhasevenbecomepartoftheschoolcurriculum,muchtothepleasureoftheschoolchildre

44、n.AndtheHarryPottereffectisnotjustrestrictedtotheEnglish-speakingworld.Rowlingsbookshavebeentranslatedintomorethan55languages,andithasbeenestimatedthathmorethan250millioncopieshavebeendistributedaroundtheworld.In2005itwasestimatedthatRowlinghadaccumulatedmorethanonebilliondollarsondepositinherbank.S

45、hehasthusattainedthestatusofbeingthefirstwritertobecomeabillionaire.IntroductionlandofNarniawheresheandhertwobrothersandsistermeettheWhiteWitch.TheyalsomeetAslan,thelion,whoistheonlyonewhocandefeattheWitchandrestoresummertoNarnia.WithAslan,thechildrenlearntobebraveandtoforgive.Theylearngreatsorrowan

46、dhappiness,andfinallytheylearnwisdom.TheirtimeinNarniaisthegreatadventurethateverychilddreamsof.ExtractfromTheLion,theWitchandtheWardrobeAndthenshesawthattherewasalightaheadofher;notafewinchesawaywherethebackofthewardrobeoughttohavebeen,butalongwayoff.Somethingcoldandsoftwasfallingonher.Amomentlater

47、shefoundthatshewasstandinginthemiddleofawoodatnighttimewithsnowunderherfeetandsnowflakesfallingthroughtheair.Lucyfeltalittlefrightened,butshefeltveryinquisitiveandexcitedaswell.Shelookedbackoverhershoulderandthere,betweenthedarktreetrunks,shecouldstillseetheopendoorwayofthewardrobeandevencatchaglimp

48、seoftheemptyroomfromwhichshehadsetout.(Shehad,ofcourse,leftthedooropen,forsheknewthatitwasaverysillythingtoshutoneselfintoawardrobe.)Itseemedtobestilldaylightthere.“Icanalwaysgetbackifanythinggoeswrong,”thoughtLucy.Shebegantowalkforward,crunch-crunchoverthesnowandthroughthewoodtowardstheotherlight.I

49、nabouttenminutesshereacheditandfounditwasalamppost.Asshestoodlookingatit,wonderingwhytherewasalamppostinthemiddleofawood,andwonderingwhattodonext,sheheardthepitter-patteroffeetcomingtowardsher.Andsoonafterthataverystrangepersonsteppedoutfromamongthetreesintothelightofthelamppost.Hewasonlyalittletall

50、erthanLucyherselfandcarriedoverhisheadanumbrella,whitewithsnow.Fromthewaistupwarshewaslikeaman,buthislegswereshapedlikeagoats(thehaironthemwasglossyblack)andinsteadoffeethehadgoatshoofs.Healsohadatail,butLucydidnotnoticethisatfirstbecauseitwassoneatlycaughtupoverthearmthatheldtheumbrellasoastokeepit

51、fromtrailinginthesnow.Hehadaredwoolenmufflerroundhisneckandhisskinwasratherreddishtoo.Hehadastrange,butpleasantlittleface,withashortpointedbeardandcurlyhair,andoutofthehairtherestucktwohorns,oneoneachsideofhisforehead.Oneofhishands,asIhavesaid,heldtheumbrella;intheotherarmhecarriedseveralbrown-paper

52、parcels.WiththeparcelsandthesnowitlookedjustasifhehadbeendoinghisChristmasstartofsurprisethathedroppedallhisparcels.“Goodnessgraciousme!”exclaimedtheFaun.TheLordoftheRingsInTheLordoftheRings,awickedwizardcalledSauron,whohasgreatmagicalpowers,hascreatedninerings.Anycreaturewhopossessesoneoftheserings

53、hasgreatpower.ButSauronhascreatedoneringtheRingthatcancontrolalloftheserings.ThepersonwhohasthisringcontrolsthewholeofMiddleEarth.Fortunately,thisringhasbeenlostforhundredsofyears.Butthenitisdiscoveredbyahobbit.Sauron,realisengthattheRinghasbeenfound,sendshiscreaturestogetitback.IfhefindstheRing,Sau

54、ronwillruleMiddleEarthanditwillbecomeaplaceofdarknessandfear.Gandalf,agoodwizard,realizesthatinordertosaveMiddleEarth,theRingmustbedestroyed.Todothis,someonemusttaketheRingintoSauronskingdom.There,theymustdestroytheRinginthefiresthatcreatedit.ThethreebookstellthestoryofthejourneytodestroytheRing.Int

55、helastbookofthetrilogythereisaterriblewarbetweenSauronandhiscreatures,andthosewhowanttosaveMiddleEarth.ManypeoplebelievethatTheLoadoftheRingsisthebesttwentiethcenturynovelinEnglish.Ofcourse,therearealwaysthosewhodonotenjoyreadingfantasynovels.Butifyoudo,thenthisisonestoryyoushoulddefinitelyread.Modu

56、le3InterpersonalRelationshipsFriendshipRoysStoryIrememberthefirsttimeImetRoy.Hewasstandinginthecentreofagroupofboys,andhewastellingajoke.Whenhereachedthefinalline,everyoneburstoutlaughing.Roylaughedtoo.Aloudhappylaugh.“Popularboy,”Ithoughttomyself.MynameisDaniel.IwasfromthenorthofEngland,butmyfather

57、hadbeenofferedabetterjobinLondon,andourwholefamilyhadmovedthere.Iwastwelveand,havinglostallmyoldfriends,Ifeltshyandlonelyatmynewschool.Therewere33studentsinmynewclass,andmostpeoplewerentveryinterestedinashynewboy.Roywasoneofthefewpeoplewhowerekindtome.Heofteninvitedmetojoinhisparticulargroup,andasar

58、esult,Istartedgettingtoknowpeople.RoyandIbecomegoodfriends.Wetrustedeachotherandwecouldtalkaboutpersonalmatters,thingsthatwereimportanttous.Fiveyearslater,RoyandIarestillinthesameclass.Butjustunderayearago.Roysfatherwasknockedoverbymuchsmallerhouseinordertomanagefinancially.Roy,whohadalwaysbeenveryc

59、losetohisfather,changedcompletely,becomingsilentandmoody.Hehadalwaysbeenaclever,hard-workingstudentbutnowheseemedtoloseallinterestinhiswork.Hestartedlosingfriends.Thesedays,RoyandIseeeachotherfromtimetotime,butwenolongerclose.Aboutthreemonthsago,agroupofuswereplayingfootballtogetherafterschool.Havin

60、gleftsomethinginthecloakroom,Iwentinsidetogetit,andfoundRoygoingthroughthepocketsofpeoplescoats.InhishandhehadawalletandIknewitwasnthis!MymouthfellopenandIjustlookedathim.Roywentbrightred.”Illputitbackrightnow,”hesaid,andhedidso.Iturnedroundandwalkedoutwithoutsayingaword.IreallyhopedthatRoywouldexpl