優(yōu)質(zhì)建筑字典專業(yè)資料

1、 ARCHITECTURAL AND STRUCTURAL EVERYDAY VOCABULARY SCHEDULE建筑及構(gòu)造常用詞匯表TABLE OF CONTENTS目錄1. ARCHITECTURE 建筑專業(yè)a. DESIGN BASIS 設(shè)計(jì)根據(jù)籌劃建議書 planning proposals設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書 design order原則規(guī)范standards and codes條件圖 information drawing設(shè)計(jì)基本資料 basic data for design工藝流程圖 process flowchart工程地質(zhì)資料 engineering geological data

2、原始資料 original data設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)度 schedule of designb. STAGE OF DESIGN 設(shè)計(jì)階段方案 scheme, draft草圖 sketch會(huì)談紀(jì)要summary of discussion談判 negotiation可行性研究 feasibility study初步設(shè)計(jì) preliminary design基本設(shè)計(jì) basic design具體設(shè)計(jì) detail design詢價(jià)圖 enquiry drawing施工圖 working drawing, construction drawing竣工圖 as built drawingc. CLIMATE

3、CONDITION 氣象條件日照 sunshine風(fēng)玫瑰 wind rose主導(dǎo)風(fēng)向 prevailing wind direction最大(平均)風(fēng)速 maximum (mean) wind velocity風(fēng)荷載 wind load最大(平均)降雨量 maximum (mean) rainfall雷擊及閃電 thunder and lightning颶風(fēng) hurricane臺(tái)風(fēng) typhoon旋風(fēng) cyclone降雨強(qiáng)度rainfall intensity年降雨量 annual rainfall濕球溫度 wet bulb temperature干球溫度 dry bulb temperatu

4、re冰凍期 frost period冰凍線 frost line冰凍區(qū) frost zone室外計(jì)算溫度 calculating outdoor temperature采暖地區(qū) region with heating provision不采暖地區(qū) region without heating provision絕對大氣壓 absolute atmospheric pressure相對濕度 relative humidityd. GENERAL ROOM NAME 常用房間名稱辦公室 office服務(wù)用房 service room換班室 shift room休息室 rest room (brea

5、k room)起居室 living room浴室 bathroom淋浴間 shower更衣室 locker room廁所 lavatory門廳 lobby診室 clinic工作間 workshop電氣開關(guān)室 switchroom走廊 corridor檔案室 archive電梯機(jī)房 lift motor room車庫 garage清潔間 cleaning room會(huì)議室(正式) conference room會(huì)議室 meeting room衣柜間 ward robe暖風(fēng)間 H.V.A.C room飯店 restaurant餐廳 canteen, dining room廚房 kitchen入口 e

6、ntrance接待處 reception area會(huì)計(jì)室 accountant room秘書室 secretary room電氣室 electrical room控制室 control room工長室 foreman office開關(guān)柜室 switch gear前室 antecabinet (Ante.)生產(chǎn)區(qū) production area馬達(dá)控制中心 Mcc多功能用房 utility room化驗(yàn)室 laboratory room經(jīng)理室 manager room披 屋(閣樓) penthouse警衛(wèi)室 guard housee. ROOFING AND CEILING 屋面及天棚女兒墻 p

7、arapet雨蓬 canopy屋脊 roof ridge坡度 slope坡跨比 pitch分水線 water-shed二氈三油 2 layers of felt & 3 coats of bitumastic附加油氈一層 extra ply of felt檐口 eave挑檐 overhanging eave檐溝 eave gutter平屋面 flat roof坡屋面 pitched roof雨水管 downspout, rain water pipe)(R.W.P)匯水面積 catchment area泛水 flashing內(nèi)排水 interior drainage外排水 exterior d

8、rainage滴水 drip屋面排水 roof drainage找平層 leveling course卷材屋面 built-up roofing天棚 ceiling檁條 purlin屋面板 roofing board天花板 ceiling board防水層 water-proof course檢查孔 inspection hole人孔 manhole吊頂 suspended ceiling, false ceiling檐板(窗簾盒) cornicef. WALL (CLADDING) 墻體(外墻板)磚墻 brick wall砌塊墻 block wall清水磚墻 brick wall witho

9、ut plastering抹灰墻 rendered wall石膏板墻 gypsum board, plaster board空心磚墻 hollow brick wall承重墻 bearing wall非承重墻 non-bearing wall縱墻 longitudinal wall橫墻 transverse wall外墻 external (exterior) wall內(nèi)墻 internal (interior) wall填充墻 filler wall防火墻 fire wall窗間墻 wall between window空心墻 cavity wall壓頂 coping圈梁 gird, gir

10、t, girth玻璃隔斷 glazed wall防潮層 damp-proof course (D.P.C)遮陽板 sunshade陽臺(tái) balcony伸縮縫 expansion joint沉降縫 settlement joint抗震縫 seismic joint復(fù)合夾心板 sandwich board壓型單板 corrugated single steel plate外墻板 cladding panel復(fù)合板 composite panel輕質(zhì)隔斷 light-weight partition牛腿 bracket磚煙囪 brick chimney勒腳(基座) plinthg. FLOOR AN

11、D TRENCH 地面及地溝地坪 grade地面和樓面 ground and floor素土夯實(shí) rammed earth爐渣夯實(shí) tamped cinder填土 filled earth回填土夯實(shí) tamped backfill墊層 bedding course, blinding面層 covering, finish結(jié)合層 bonding (binding) course找平層 leveling course素水泥漿結(jié)合層 neat cement binding course混凝土地面 concrete floor水泥地面 cement floor機(jī)器磨平混凝土地面 machine tro

12、welled concrete floor水磨石地面 terrazzo flooring馬賽克地面 mosaic flooring瓷磚地面 ceramic tile flooring油地氈地面 linoleum flooring預(yù)制水磨 石地面 precast terrazzo flooring硬木花地面 hard-wood parquet flooring擱柵 joist硬木毛地面 hard-wood rough flooring企口板地面tongued and grooved flooring防酸地面 acid-resistant floor鋼筋混凝土樓板 reinforced concr

13、ete slab (R.C Slab)乙烯基地面 vinyl flooring水磨石嵌條 divider strip for terrazzo地面做2坡 floor with 2% slope集水溝 gully集水口 gulley排水溝 drainage trench溝蓋板 trench cover活動(dòng)蓋板 removable cover plate集水坑 sump pit孔翻邊 hole up stand電纜溝 cable trenchh. DOORS,GLASS,WINDOWS & IRONMONGERY(HARDWARE) 門、玻璃、窗及五金件木 (鋼)門 wooden (steel)

14、door鑲板門 panelled door夾板門 plywood door鋁合金門 aluminum alloy door卷簾門 roller shutter door彈簧門 swing door推拉門 sliding door平開門 side-hung door折疊門 folding door旋轉(zhuǎn)門 revolving door玻璃門 glazed door密閉門 air-Tight door保溫門 thermal insulating door鍍鋅鐵絲網(wǎng)門 galvanized steel wire mesh door防火門 fire door(大門上旳)小門 wicket門框 door

15、frame門扇 door leaf門洞 door opening構(gòu)造開洞 structural opening單扇門 single door雙扇門 double door疏散門 emergency door紗門 screen door門檻 door sill門過梁 door lintel上冒頭 top rail下冒頭 bottom rail門邊木 stile門樘側(cè)料 side jumb槽口 notch木窗 wooden window鋼窗 steel window鋁合金窗 aluminum alloy window百葉窗 (通風(fēng)為主) sun-bind, louver (louver, shut

16、ter, blind)塑鋼窗 plastic steel window空腹鋼窗 hollow steel window固定窗 fixed window平開窗 side-hung window推拉窗 sliding window氣窗 transom上懸窗 top-hung window中懸窗 center-pivoted window下懸窗 hopper window活動(dòng)百葉窗 adjustable louver天窗 skylight老虎窗 dormer window密封雙層玻璃 sealed double glazing鋼筋混凝土過梁 reinforced concrete lintel鋼筋磚

17、過梁 reinforced brick lintel窗扇 casement sash窗臺(tái) window sill窗臺(tái)板 window board窗中梃 mullion窗橫木 mutin窗邊木 stile壓縫條 cover mould窗簾盒 curtain box合頁(鉸鏈) hinge (butts)轉(zhuǎn)軸 pivot長腳鉸鏈 parliament hinge閉門器 door closer地彈簧 floor closer插銷 bolt門鎖 door lock拉手 pull鏈條 chain門鉤 door hanger碰球 ball latch窗鉤 window catch暗插銷 insert bo

18、lt電動(dòng)開關(guān)器 electric opener平板玻璃 plate glass夾絲玻璃 wire glass透明玻璃 clear glass毛玻璃(磨砂玻璃) ground glass (frosted glass)防彈玻璃 bullet-proof glass石英玻璃 quartz glass吸熱玻璃 heat absorbing glass磨光玻璃 polished glass著色玻璃 pigmented glass玻璃瓦 glass tile玻璃磚 glass block有機(jī)玻璃 organic glassSTAIRCASE, LANDING & LIFT (ELEVATOR) 樓梯、休

19、息平臺(tái)及電梯樓梯 stair樓梯間 staircase疏散梯 emergency stair旋轉(zhuǎn)梯 spiral stair (circular stair)吊車梯 crane ladder直爬梯 vertical ladder踏步 step扇形踏步 winder (wheel step)踏步板 tread檔步板 riser踏步寬度 tread width防滑條 non-slip insert (strips)欄桿 railing (balustrade)平臺(tái)欄桿 platform railing吊裝孔欄桿 railing around mounting hole扶手 handrail梯段高度

20、 height of flight防護(hù)梯籠 protecting cage (safety cage)平臺(tái) landing (platform)操作平臺(tái) operating platform裝卸平臺(tái) platform for loading & unloading樓梯平臺(tái) stair landing客梯 passenger lift貨梯 goods lift客/貨兩用梯 goods/passenger lift液壓電梯 hydraulic lift自動(dòng)扶梯 escalator觀光電梯 observation elevator電梯機(jī)房 lift mortar room電梯坑 lift pit電梯

21、井道 lift shaftj. BUILDING MATERIAL WORDS AND PHRASES 建筑材料詞匯及短語Bricks and Tiles 磚和瓦紅磚 red brick粘土磚 clay brick瓷磚 glazed brick (ceramic tile)防火磚 fire brick空心磚 hollow brick面磚 facing brick地板磚 flooring tile缸磚 clinkery brick馬賽克 mosaic陶?；炷?ceramsite concrete琉璃瓦 glazed tile脊瓦 ridge tile石棉瓦 asbestos tile (shi

22、ngle)波形石棉水泥瓦 corrugated asbestos cement sheetLime, Sand and Stone 灰、砂和石石膏 gypsum大理石 marble漢白玉 white marble花崗巖 granite碎石 crushed stone毛石 rubble蛭石 vermiculite珍珠巖 pearlite水磨石 terrazzo卵石 cobble礫石 gravel粗砂 course sand中砂 medium sand細(xì)砂 fine sandCement, Mortar and Concrete 水泥、砂漿和混凝土波特蘭水泥(一般硅酸鹽水泥) Portland c

23、ement硅酸鹽水泥 silicate cement火山灰水泥 pozzolana cement白水泥 white cement水泥砂漿 cement mortar石灰砂漿 lime mortar水泥石灰砂漿(混合砂漿) cement-lime mortar保溫砂漿 thermal mortar防水砂漿 water-proof mortar耐酸砂漿 acid-resistant mortar耐堿砂漿 alkaline-resistant mortar瀝青砂漿 bituminous mortar紙筋灰 paper strip mixed lime mortar麻刀灰 hemp cut lime

24、mortar灰縫 mortar joint素混凝土 plain concrete鋼筋混凝土 reinforced concrete輕質(zhì)混凝土 lightweight concrete細(xì)石混凝土 fine aggregate concrete瀝青混凝土 asphalt concrete泡沫混凝土 foamed concrete爐渣混凝土 cinder concreteFacing And Plastering Materials 飾面及粉刷材料水刷石 granitic plaster斬假石 artificial stone刷漿 lime wash可賽銀 casein大白漿 white wash麻

25、刀灰打底 hemp cuts and lime as base噴大白漿兩道 sprayed twice with white wash分格抹水泥砂漿 cement mortar plaster sectioned板條抹灰 lath and plasterAsphalt(Bitumen) and Asbestos 瀝青和石棉瀝青卷材 asphalt felt瀝青填料 asphalt filler瀝青膠泥 asphalt grout冷底子油 adhesive bitumen primer瀝青瑪啼脂 asphaltic mastic瀝青麻絲 bitumastic oakum石棉板 asbestos

26、sheet石棉纖維 asbestos fiberTimber 木材裂縫 crack透裂 split環(huán)裂 shake干縮 shrinkage翹曲 warping原木 log圓木 round timber方木 square timber板材 plank木條 batten板條 lath木板 board紅松 red pine白松 white pine落葉松 deciduous pine云杉 spruce柏木 cypress白楊 white poplar樺木 birch冷杉 fir櫟木 oak榴木 willow榆木 elm杉木 cedar柚木 teak樟木 camphor wood防腐解決旳木材 pre

27、servative-treated lumber膠合板 plywood三(五)合板 3(5)-plywood企口板 tongued and grooved board層夾板 laminated plank膠合層夾木材 glue-laminated lumber纖維板 fiber-board竹子 bambooMetallic Materials 金屬材料黑色金屬 ferrous metal圓鋼 steelbBar方鋼 square steel扁鋼 steel atrap型鋼 steel section (shape)槽鋼 channel角鋼 angle steel等邊角鋼 equal-leg a

28、ngle不等邊角鋼 unequal-leg angle工字鋼 I-beam寬翼緣工字鋼 wide flange I-beam丁( 之)字鋼 T-bar (Z-bar)冷彎薄壁型鋼 light gauge cold-formed steel shape熱軋 hot-rolled冷軋 cold-rolled冷拉 cold-drawn冷壓 cold-pressed合金鋼 alloy steel鈦合金 titanium alloy不銹鋼 stainless steel竹節(jié)鋼筋 corrugated steel bar變形鋼筋 deformed bar光圓鋼筋 plain round bar鋼板 ste

29、el plate薄鋼板 thin steel plate低碳鋼 low carbon steel冷彎 cold bending鋼管 steel pipe (tube)無縫鋼管 seamless steel pipe焊接鋼管 welded steel pipe黑鐵管 iron pipe鍍鋅鋼管 galvanized steel pipe鑄鐵 cast iron生鐵 pig iron熟鐵 wrought iron鍍鋅鐵皮 galvanized steel sheet鍍鋅鐵絲 galvanized steel wire鋼絲網(wǎng) steel wire mesh多孔金屬網(wǎng) expanded metal錳鋼

30、 managanese steel高強(qiáng)度合金鋼 high strength alloy steelNon-Ferrous Metal 有色金屬金 gold白金 platinum銅 copper黃銅 brass青銅 bronze銀 silver鋁 aluminum鉛 leadAnti-Corrosion Materials 防腐蝕材料聚乙烯 polythene, polyethylene尼龍 nylon聚氯乙烯 PVC (polyvinyl chloride)聚碳酸酯 polycarbonate聚苯乙烯 polystyrene丙烯酸樹酯 acrylic resin乙烯基酯 vinyl ester

31、橡膠內(nèi)襯 rubber lining氯丁橡膠 neoprene瀝青漆 bitumen paint環(huán)氧樹脂漆 epoxy resin paint氧化鋅底漆 zinc oxide primer防銹漆 anti-rust paint耐酸漆 acid-resistant paint耐堿漆 alkali-resistant paint水玻璃 sodium silicate樹脂砂漿 resin-bonded mortar環(huán)氧樹脂 epoxy resinBuilding Hardware 建筑五金釘子 nails螺紋屋面釘spiral-threaded roofing nail環(huán)紋石膏板釘 annular-

32、ring gypsum board nail螺絲 screws平頭螺絲 flat-head screw螺栓 bolt一般螺栓 commercial bolt高強(qiáng)螺栓 high strength bolt預(yù)埋螺栓 insert bolt脹錨螺栓 cinch bolt墊片 washerPaint 油漆底漆 primer防銹底漆 rust-inhibitive primer防腐漆 anti-corrosion paint調(diào)和漆 mixed paint無光漆 flat paint透明漆 varnish銀粉漆 aluminum paint磁漆 enamel paint干性油 drying oil稀釋劑

33、thinner焦油 tar瀝青漆 asphalt paint桐油 tung oil, Chinese wood oil紅丹 red lead鉛油 lead oil膩?zhàn)?puttyk. OTHER ARCHITECTURAL TERMS 其他建筑術(shù)語Discipline 專業(yè)建筑 architecture土木 civil給排水 water supply and drainage總圖 plot plan采暖通風(fēng) H.V.A.C (heating、ventilation and air conditioning)電力供應(yīng) electric power supply電氣照明 electric ligh

34、ting電訊 telecommunication儀表 instrument熱力供應(yīng) heat power supply動(dòng)力 mechanical power工藝 process technology管道 pipingConventional Terms 一般通用名詞建筑原理 architectonics建筑形式 architectural style民用建筑 civil architecture都市建筑 urban architecture農(nóng)村建筑 rural architecture農(nóng)業(yè)建筑 farm building工業(yè)建筑 industrial building重工業(yè)旳 heavy in

35、dustrial輕工業(yè)旳 light industrial古代建筑 ancient architecture現(xiàn)代建筑 modern architecture原則化建筑 standardized buildings附屬建筑 auxiliary buildings都市規(guī)劃 city planning廠區(qū)內(nèi) within site廠區(qū)外 offsite封閉式 closed type開敞式 open type半開敞式 semi-open type模數(shù)制 modular system單位造價(jià) unit cost概算 preliminary estimate承包商 constructor, contrac

36、tor現(xiàn)場 site擴(kuò)建 extension改建 reconstruction防火 fire-prevention防震 aseismatic, quake-proof防腐 anti-corrosion防潮 dump-proof防水 water-proof防塵 dust-proof防銹 rust-proof車流量 traffic volume貨流量 freight traffic volume人流量 pedestrian volume透視圖 perspective drawing建筑模型 building modelArchitectural Physics 建筑物理照明 illuminatio

37、n照度 degree of illumination亮度 brightness日照 sunshine天然采光 natural lighting光強(qiáng) light intensity側(cè)光 side light頂光 top light眩光 glaze方位角 azimuth輻射 radiation對流 convection傳導(dǎo) conduction遮陽 sun-shade保溫 thermal insulation恒溫 constant temperature恒濕 constant humidity噪音 noise隔音 sound-proof吸音 sound absorption露點(diǎn) dew point

38、隔汽 vapor-proofName Of Professional role 職務(wù)名稱項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理 project manager (PM)設(shè)計(jì)經(jīng)理 design manager首席建筑師 principal architect總工程師 chief engineer土木工程師 civil engineer工藝工程師 process engineer電氣工程師 electrical engineer機(jī)械工程師 mechanical engineer籌劃工程師 planning engineer助理工程師 assistant engineer實(shí)習(xí)生 probationer專家 specialist,

39、 expert制圖員 draftsman技術(shù)員 technicianDrafting 制圖總闡明 general specification工程闡明 project specification采用原則規(guī)范目錄 list of standards and specification adopted圖紙目錄 list of drawings平面圖 plan局部放大圖 detail with enlarged scale平面示意圖 schematic plan of.平剖面圖 sectional plan of. 留孔平面圖 plan of provision of holes剖面 section縱

40、剖面 longitudinal section橫剖面 cross (transverse) section立面 elevation正立面 front elevation透視圖 perspective drawing側(cè)立面 side elevation背立面 back elevation詳圖 detail drawings典型節(jié)點(diǎn) typical detail節(jié)點(diǎn)號(hào) detail No.首頁 front page圖紙目錄及闡明 list of contents and description圖例 legend示意圖 diagram草圖 sketch荷載簡圖 load diagram流程示意圖 f

41、low diagram原則圖 standard drawing布置圖 layout of .地形圖 topographical map土方工程圖 earth-work drawing展開圖 developed drawing模板圖 formwork drawing配筋 arrangement of reinforcement表格 tables工程進(jìn)度表 working schedule技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo) technical and economical index建、構(gòu)筑物一覽表 list of buildings and structures編號(hào) coding序列號(hào) serial No.行和欄 r

42、ows and columns備注 remarks級別 grade直線 straight Line曲線 curves曲折線 zigzag line虛線 dotted line實(shí)線 solid line影線 hatching line點(diǎn)劃線 dot and dash line軸線 axis等高線 contour Line中心線 center Line雙曲線 hyperbola拋物線 parabola切線 tangent Line尺寸線 dimension Line園形 round環(huán)形 annular方形 square矩形 rectangle平行四邊形 parallelogram三角形 trian

43、gle五角形 pentagon六角形 hexagon八角形 octagon梯形 trapezoid圓圈 circle弓形 sagment扇形 sector球形旳 spherical拋物面 paraboloid圓錐形 cone橢圓形 ellipse, oblong面積 area體積 volume容量 capacity重量 weight質(zhì)量 mass力 force米 meter厘米 centimeter毫米 millimeter公頃 hectate牛頓/平方米 Newton/square meter公斤/立方米 kilogram/cubic meter英尺 foot英寸 inch磅 pound噸

44、ton加侖 gallon千磅 kip平均尺寸 average dimension變尺寸 variable dimension外形尺寸 overall dimension展開尺寸 developed dimension內(nèi)徑 inside diameter外徑 outside diameter凈重 net weight毛重 gross weight數(shù)量 quantity比例 percentage凈空 clearance凈高 headroom凈距 clear distance凈跨 clear span截面尺寸 sectional dimension開間 bay進(jìn)深 depth單跨 single sp

45、an雙跨 double span多跨 multi-span標(biāo)高 elevation, level絕對標(biāo)高 absolute elevation設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)高 designed elevation室外地面標(biāo)高 ground elevation室內(nèi)地面標(biāo)高 floor elevation柱網(wǎng) column grid坐標(biāo) coordinate廠區(qū)占地 site area使用面積 usable area輔助面積 service area通道面積 passage area管架 pipe rack管廊 pipeline gallery架空管線 overhead pipeline排水溝 drain ditch集水

46、坑 sump pit噴泉 fountain地漏 floor drain消火栓 fire hydrant滅火器 fire extinguisher二氧化碳滅火器 carbon dioxide extinguisher鹵代烷滅火器 halon extinguisher2. STRUCTURE 構(gòu)造專業(yè)a. Load 荷載 拔力 pulling force原則值 standard value殘存應(yīng)力 residual stress沖擊荷載 impact load, punch load殘存變形 residual deflection承壓 bearing承載能力 bearing capacity承重

47、bearing, load bearing承重構(gòu)造 bearing structure脆性材料 brittle material脆性破壞 brittle failure抵御力 resisting power, resistance吊車荷載 crane load分布荷載 distributed load風(fēng)荷載 wind load風(fēng)速 wind velocity, wind speed風(fēng)壓 wind pressure風(fēng)振 wind vibration浮力 buoyance, floatage符號(hào) symbol, mark負(fù)彎矩 negative moment, hogging moment附加荷載

48、 additional load附加應(yīng)力 additional stress副作用 side effect, by-effect剛度 rigidity剛度比 ratio of rigidity剛度系數(shù) rigidity factor剛接 rigid connection剛性節(jié)點(diǎn) rigid joint恒載 dead load荷載傳遞 transmission of load固端彎矩 fixed-end moment活荷載 live load積灰荷載 dust load集中荷載 concentrated load加載, 加荷 loading剪力 shear, shearing force剪切破壞

49、 shear failure剪應(yīng)變 shear strain剪應(yīng)力 shear stress簡支 simple support靜定構(gòu)造 statically determinate structure截面模量 modulus of section, section modulus靜力 static force靜力分析 static analysis局部壓力 local pressure, partial pressure局部壓屈 local bulkling絕對值 absolute value均布荷載 uniformly distributed load抗拔力 pulling resistan

50、ce抗剪剛度 shear rigidity抗剪強(qiáng)度 shear strength, shearing strength抗拉強(qiáng)度 tensile strength抗扭 torsion resistance抗扭剛度 torsional rigidity抗彎 bending resistance抗彎剛度 bending rigidity抗壓強(qiáng)度 compressive strength, compression strength可靠性 reliability可靠性設(shè)計(jì) reliability design拉力 tensile force拉應(yīng)力 tensile stress, tension stre

51、ss拉應(yīng)變 tensile strain, tension strain臨界點(diǎn) critical point臨界荷載 critical load臨界應(yīng)力 critical stress密度 density離心力 centrifugal force摩擦力 friction force摩擦系數(shù) frictional factor撓度 deflection內(nèi)力 internal force, inner force扭矩 moment of torsion, torsional moment疲勞強(qiáng)度 fatigue strength偏心荷載 eccentric load, non-central lo

52、ad偏心距 eccentric distance, eccentricity偏心受拉 eccentric tension偏心受壓 eccentric compression屈服強(qiáng)度 yield strength使用荷載 working load水平力 horizontal force水平推力 horizontal thrust彈塑性變形 elastoplastic deformation彈性 elasticity, resilience, spring塑限 plastic limit彈性變形 elastic deformation塑性變形 plastic deformation彈性模量 mod

53、ulus of elastic, elastic modulus體積 volume, bulk, cubature, cubage土壓力 earth pressure, soil pressure彎矩 bending moment, moment彎曲半徑 radius at bent, radius of curve位移 displacement溫度應(yīng)力 temperature stress溫度作用 temperature action系數(shù) coefficient, factor雪荷載 snow load壓應(yīng)變 compression strain壓應(yīng)力 compression stress應(yīng)

54、力集中 concentration of stress預(yù)應(yīng)力 prestressing force, prestress振動(dòng)荷載 vibrating load, racking load支座反力 support reaction自重 own weight作用 action, effect作用點(diǎn) point of application, application joint b. Ground Base and Foundation 地基及基本板樁 sheet pile, sheeting pile板樁基本 sheet pile foundation飽和粘土 saturation clay冰凍線

55、 frost line, freezing level不均勻沉降 unequal settlement, differential settlement殘積土 residual soil沉積物 deposit, sediment沉降 settlement沉降差 difference in settlement沉降縫 settlement joint沉井 sinking well, sunk well沉箱 caisson持力層 bearing stratum沖積 alluviation錘夯 hammer tamping檔土墻 retaining wall, breast wall底板 base

56、slab, base plate, bed plate地板 floor board地基 ground base, ground地基承載力 ground bearing capacity地基解決 ground treatment, soil treatment地基穩(wěn)定 base stabilization地梁 ground beam, ground sill地漏 floor drain地下工程 substructure work, understructure work地下室 basement, cellar地下水 ground water地下水位 groundwater level, wate

57、r table地下水壓力 ground water pressure地質(zhì)報(bào)告 geologic report墊層 bedding, blinding獨(dú)立基本 isolated foundation, individual foundation端承樁 end-bearing pile筏式基本 raft foundation粉砂 silt, rock flour粉質(zhì)粘土 silty clay粉質(zhì)土 silty soil扶壁式檔土墻 buttressed retaining wall腐蝕 corrosion覆土 earth covering剛性基本 rigid foundation溝蓋板 trenc

58、h cover固結(jié) consolidation灌注樁 cast-in-place pile, cast in site pile護(hù)坡 slope protection, revetment護(hù)樁 guard pile環(huán)墻 ring wall灰土 lime earth回填 backfill, backfilling回填土 backfill, backfill soil混凝土找平層 concrete screed火山灰水泥 trass cement基槽 foundation trench基本 foundation, base基本底板 foundation slab基本埋深 embedded dept

59、h of foundation基本平面圖 foundation plan地基勘探 site exploration, site investigation基坑 foundation pit集水坑 collecting sump階形基本 stepped foundation結(jié)合層 binding course, bonding course井點(diǎn) well point井點(diǎn)排水 well point unwatering開挖 excavation, cutting勘測 exploration and survey勘測資料 exploration data瀝青 bitumen, asphalt, pi

60、tch聯(lián)合基本 combined foundation卵石 cobble, pebble埋置 embedment毛石基本 rubble foundation錨筋 anchor bar錨樁 anchor pile密實(shí)度 compactness, density, denseness摩擦樁 friction pile, floating pile粘土 clay粘質(zhì)粉土 clay silt碾壓 roller compaction, rolling排水 drainage, dewatering排水溝 drainage ditch排水孔 weep hole, drain hole排水設(shè)備 dewater