2021屆高三英語語法專題復(fù)習(xí) 定語從句,狀語從句,名詞性從句復(fù)習(xí)講義及練習(xí)

1、一定從概 定限制性定定語從句狀語從句，詞性從句定語從用作定語的從句描述主句所涉及的人或物的具體情況，是主句不可缺少的一部分；類關(guān)詞語從句非限制性定語從句關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞如省去，主句意義不完整或失去意義。對(duì)主句所描述的人或物提供一些附加情況，起補(bǔ)充說明作用；如省 去，主句意義仍完整。that, which, whom, whose, 等 where, why 等二引定從的系關(guān)代關(guān)副whichwhomas指物和人指物指人指人和物指物指時(shí)間指地點(diǎn)指原因在從句中作主語或賓語 在從句中作主語或賓語 在從句中作主語或賓語 在從句中作賓語 在從句中作定語 在從句中作主語 在從句中作時(shí)間狀語 在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀

2、語 在從句中作原因狀語三關(guān)代辨 關(guān)系代詞 與 which先行詞指物時(shí)， 與 which 一可以互，但也有特殊情況。通常使用 that 的情況：先行詞為 all, anything, much, few, none 等不定代詞 或先行詞被序數(shù)詞容最高級(jí)或 few, only, no, all, every, very 等飾時(shí)： I ve made up my and nothing that you will change the walking robot that without GPS.This is that I ever The only thing baby healthy.通常使用

3、 which 情況：當(dāng)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句或關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)。如：Bogart in film which was made in 1942.The for had fought all no seemed important to 關(guān)系代詞 與 which 和 都引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句指代整個(gè)主句或主句的一部分 引導(dǎo)的從句放在句末，而 as 引的從句既可位于句首，又可位于句中或句末。如： known to Mark Twain is a great writer.The expected, was over thousand.I live a long way from as / which

4、 know.四“介 關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定從句 在 “ 介 + 關(guān)系詞 引的定語從句中，系代詞指物時(shí)只能用 which，指時(shí)只能用 whom如：The valley in which town ll go to see the writer talked. 在介+關(guān)代”引的定語從句中介詞的選用取決于句子意義的需要句動(dòng)詞、 形容詞、副詞與介詞的搭配。如：In the I never seem to have until after p.m., by people gone I t the I talked The test about which was very out to be successful

5、.For bathing a luxury to which we forward when visiting Iceland. “介詞+關(guān)系代詞前有名詞、數(shù)詞或 some, any, none, both, all, few 等 代詞。如：The classroom, the of which is will repaired soon. brought with her three I had ever met loves his both of whom very him.五特先詞的語句 先行詞是 ，如果關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語，常用 hy 或 for 導(dǎo)；關(guān)系詞在 從句中作主語或賓語，用

6、that 或 which 引。如：d like to know for which t the job.There that / which more important. tell me the / which he told 先行詞是表示方式的 時(shí)，定語從句可用 that 或 引，也可省略。如： liked way (that / in which) he so went on writing. 先行詞是 stage, situation, 等地點(diǎn)含義的抽象名詞，且關(guān)系詞在定語 從句中作狀語時(shí)，用 where 引。如：I in position I be a for could a whe

7、re you have to decide a for an atmosphere where willing to communicate with 六關(guān)詞省 關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語從句作賓語時(shí)可省略。如：The (that / which) is 在某些表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)的詞的限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系副詞在口語中有時(shí)省略。如：I ll forget the year I in Beijing.This is place I lived five ago.注：限制性定語從句通常由 where 及介+which / 引，且關(guān)系詞一般不省略。另外，在非限制性定語從句中which 可指代整個(gè)主句 內(nèi)容。定

8、語從練習(xí)用當(dāng)關(guān)詞空 Now Irene Astbury works from 9 5 pm daily at the in Macclesfield, _ with late husband Les. We were greeted with barking pack of dogs, seven to be exact. They well by _ great experience with caring Uniforms be useful in unexpected A school in Ireland has introduced an uniform. On the edge o

9、f there is piece of cloth _ gives off light in the benefitting most from are those _ totally engaged in taking full advantage of s Their is stage she can not full We have into age _ dreams the chance of coming true. Two of the authors of study in _ five to of the of heart early deaths from all Chine

10、se Ministry of Agriculture finds that when the a _ recommendations to and fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 tons. _ to China much less in they realize how cheap it can be out.10. Self-driving an _ and of world are on the same 11. _ I a room with when we were at college, has gone work in Australia.12. Sh

11、e her family _ helps them keep fit.答 which which / that where that / which / 11. / / when that / which10. where12. which狀語從一狀從的型關(guān)詞狀語從句根據(jù)其用途可分為時(shí)間狀語從句點(diǎn)狀語從句原因狀語從句目的狀語從 句、結(jié)果狀語從句、條件狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、方式狀語從句、比較狀語從句九種。時(shí)間狀語從句 when, while, until till, as directly, immediately, time, . hardly . 等導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句：由 where, eve

12、rywhere 等導(dǎo)。原因狀語從句由 as, now that, seeing in 等導(dǎo)。 目的狀語從句：由 so, that, in in order for 等導(dǎo)。結(jié)果狀語從句：由 so (that), . such . with the that 等導(dǎo)。條件狀語從句：由 if, unless, / as long only if, on condition in case, / (that)等引導(dǎo)。讓步狀語從句：由 although, though, if / . ，疑問詞 ”構(gòu) 成的復(fù)合詞“no matter 疑詞等引導(dǎo)。方式狀語從句：由 like, if / though, way

13、 等導(dǎo)。比較狀語從句：由 引。二常關(guān)詞意項(xiàng) whenwhen 導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)句的動(dòng)作既可與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生可先后發(fā)生： was having dinner when I him. the lights went I lit some ） 還可引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，意如果。：I give you when say “please whilewhile 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從時(shí)句的謂語一般是延續(xù)性動(dòng)如 stay, live 等 如：Please t talk while ）while 引讓步狀語從句時(shí)，相當(dāng)于 / though。while although 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語 從句不用倒裝語序， 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語

14、從句可以倒裝也可以不倒裝。如：While / Although / Though is she will feel homesick beginning.Happy bride is, she will homesick beginning. until 和 till） 和 till 都表示直，?？苫Q，但 till 一般不用句首，也不用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句中。如： We till / until they got home.Until I read book I an exciting he It until see her mother ill in bed.） / till 從句與肯定的主句連用時(shí)主

15、句的謂語動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示主句的動(dòng) 作一直持續(xù)到 until / till 所示的時(shí)間為止。如： here until the Mr. remained till his arrived. / till 從與否定的主句連用時(shí)的謂語動(dòng)詞是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞“直到才， 即主句的動(dòng)作到 until / till 所示時(shí)間才開始。如：David t go to till his wife Leo didnt leave until had over lesson.）not until 后從句位于句首時(shí)，主句需部分倒裝。如：Not until I began did I realize how I w

16、asted. ） 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)，表“當(dāng)時(shí)，隨著。：Just two men were leaving, a message The as the increases.） 引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句時(shí)，一般放在句首，表示十分明顯的原因是已知的事實(shí)。如： it raining, not camping.） 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，通常用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。詳情如下：a. “形容詞+ +主語系動(dòng)詞或副+ +主語+實(shí)動(dòng)”如： in our well. as I like book, I t it. 名詞+ as 主語系詞（句首的名詞前多不帶冠詞）。如：Child he he a lot. 實(shí)動(dòng)+ as 主語動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

17、。如：Fail I did, I would not abandon goal.Try couldnt lift heavy box.） 引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句時(shí)，意“如，像，按照。：I did as I told.） 引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句時(shí)，常用于 . . not so / as . as .結(jié)中。如：Helen visit she can.His t / as they in the film. no sooner than 和 hardly . 意“一就”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，主句一般過 去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)。注意 sooner, 位句首時(shí)，主句的主謂語要部分 倒裝。如：The had no s

18、poken he realized that he should have I had hardly home it sooner had train left.Hardly begun when we told to . that such that）so that 常于以下結(jié)構(gòu)：so + adj. / + 從；so + + a(n) 可數(shù)名詞單 數(shù)形式 從句；so + / / little + n. 從。如：The that no could up with an Eddie is so boy all him.I have had m all ）such that 常于以下結(jié)構(gòu)：such

19、 adj. +可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式 句；such + 可名詞復(fù)數(shù)形+ that 從； adj. 不可數(shù)名詞+ that 從。如：It a shame that couldnt be with extraordinary that no one a word of them.Its such that all of us to 注： . that 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句時(shí)，如“so 形容/詞位于句首，則主句的主謂語要 部分倒裝。如： was it work out problem I turned Tom for quietly did she speak that I could hardly hear

20、 “疑問詞 ever”構(gòu)的合詞既可引導(dǎo)狀語從句，又可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，“no matter 疑 問詞只引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。：Whatever (=No matter what) happens, I will it. matter goes his dog with him. is for this will （句中的 不用 matter who 替 換）狀語從練習(xí)從 A、C 和 D 四個(gè)項(xiàng)，出以入白處最選。 Tom so independent that asks his parents opinion he wants their since unless after shares phone

21、 number with patients assistance. if if C. even though in _ can sleep well, you will lose ability to focus, and motivated two nights. B. Unless If When s not pick these until this weekend _ sweet enough to be eaten. since if C. _ we t animals and plants in world will be gone. 答1-5 CDBDC While If 名詞性

22、句一名性句述定類在句子中起名詞作用的從句主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句連詞連詞連接代詞連接副詞that, ifwhat, whichever where, why二名性句點(diǎn) 主語從句）that 從位于句首時(shí) 不省略。如：That coming to London best news I have heard.）主語從句可放在句首，也可放在句尾（用 it 作式主語），但后一種結(jié)構(gòu)用得多一些。 如： wins the election will have many to It never occurred to the newcomers there so many societies

23、and clubs in a 賓語從句）當(dāng)賓語從句后有賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，需要用 it 作式賓語，而將賓語從句后。如：He made it that he annoyed with ）當(dāng)主句的主語是第一人稱，且謂語為 think, believe, suppose 等詞時(shí)，如果賓語從句表 示否定意思，通常否定前移，即否定主句的謂語。如：Come of it. I dont fault.）賓語從句亦可用作介詞或形容詞的賓語。如： was aware of where Jane gone.I not whether he agrees with me ）引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞 在語中可省略，但在下列情況中

24、需留：a. 主從句之間有表示時(shí)間等的狀語時(shí) 不省略，否則會(huì)產(chǎn)生歧義。如： mother she did some in the supermarket. 主、從句之間有插入語時(shí)不省去 。：I in any that handle perfectly. 引兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的賓語從句時(shí)，第二個(gè)以及第二個(gè)以后的賓語從句的 that 不能省 略。如： come and him and she never forget 表語從句）當(dāng)主語是 且面的表語從句表示原因時(shí)通常用 引；而當(dāng) itthis 或 that 作 主語，后面的表語從句表示原因時(shí)，常用 because 導(dǎo)。如：The reason for l

25、ateness is that I missed That / It is because neglected 表從句還可由 as if / as though 等導(dǎo)as if / as though 導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)主句中的動(dòng)詞 可用 be, seem, look, feel 。如： looked as if / as though she had ghost.This meat if / as though it already bad. 同位語從句）同位語從句通常由 that 導(dǎo)，但 whether, why, 有時(shí)也可引導(dǎo)同位語從句。如： There whether will be ele

26、cted chairman Is it that Mike refused offer Yale University I no why did it; s favorite universities. is Toms you got the party be held?）可接同位語從句的通常是一些表示抽象意義的名詞，常見的有 belief, conclusion, thought, desire 等。如：The only way succeed is total you better than anyone field.）同位語從句有時(shí)不直接跟在它所解釋說明的名詞后面，而是被其它成分隔開。如

27、 The notice came around two that the meeting be postponed.三、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞辨析 what 與 what 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)不僅起連接作用而且在句中充當(dāng)主語賓表語定等。 如：He gave illustration of was to be friend of yours, I tell you I hear.Is the city different what it years Give me ）that 引名詞性從句時(shí)只起連接作用，在從句中不作任何成分。如：That Shelley a poet may have due to his mothers influence. complains that he What surprised was that he spoke English well.Andrew a conversation might whether 與 if）whether 引的主語從句可位于句首或句尾，而 if 能引導(dǎo)位于句首的主語從句。如： Whether it will us harm or good to seen.