20202021學年高中英語Unit4GlobalwarmingSectionⅢGrammar習題含解析新人教版選修6

1、Unit 4Global warming主題語境:人與自然一一環(huán)境保護Section III- Grammar課后篇鞏固提升一、對畫線局部進行強調. He began his medical research after he got financial help.答案|lt was after he got financial help that he began his medical research.He didn t mention his own plan until the end of the letter.答案 It was not until the end of the

2、letter that he mentioned his own plan.Why didn t you attend the birthday party of your best friend?答案 Why was it that you didn t attend the birthday party of your best friend?.The culture,rather than the language, made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.答案 It was the culture, rat

3、her than the language, that made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.二、閱讀理解Finding fish is going to get harder as climate change continues to heat the world? s oceans. A new study finds that warming seas over the past 80 years have reduced the sustainable catch of 124 species of f

4、ish and shellfish. A sustainable catch refers to the amount that can be harvested without doing long-term damage to the health of populations of some species.Overfishing has made that decline worse, researchers say. Overfishing refers to catching so many fish that the size of the population falls. I

5、n some parts of the world,such as the heavily fished Sea of Japan, the decrease is as high as 35 percent. That? s a loss of more than one in every three fish.Researchers examined changes in 235 populations of fish and shellfish between 1930 and 2010. Those fish populations spread far apart across 38

6、 ocean regions. Temperature changes vary from one ocean site to another. But on average over that time, Earth? s sea-surface temperatures have risen by about half a degree Celsius.On average, that warming has caused the sustainable catch to drop by 4. 1 percent,the study found.About 8 percent of the

7、 fish and shellfish populations the team studied saw losses as a result of the ocean warming. However, about 4 percent of some populations increased. That? s because certain species have thrived in warmer waters. One example is a kind of black sea fish. It lives along the northeastern L.S. coast. As

8、 warming continues,these fish will reproduce faster until they reach their limit.About 3. 2 billion people worldwide rely on seafood as a source of food. That means it s urgent for commercial fishing fleets and regulators to consider how climate change is affecting the health of all of those fish in

9、 the sea.What does the new study discover?Overfishing is to blame for fish health.Warming seas cause fewer fish and shellfish.Seafood matters to people, s health worldwide.The living regions of fish and shellfish are different.解析 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句 A new study finds that warming seas over the past 80 ye

10、ars have reduced the sustainable catch of 124 species of fish and shellfish. ” 可知,新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),海水升溫導致魚類和水生有殼動物減少。應選B項。What does the underlined word “thrived“ in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Survived narrowly.Disappeared soon.Decreased sharply.D.Developed quickly.解析 詞義猜想題。根據(jù)畫線詞下文 One example. As warming con

11、tinues, these fish will reproduce faster until they reach their limit. ”可知,隨著升溫繼續(xù)，這些魚將快速繁 殖直到它們的極限，據(jù)此可推知，畫線詞的含義與“reproduce faster”相近，應選D項。What do we know about species of fish and shellfish?A. About 8 percent of them suffered from a great loss.B.About 35 percent of them survived in the Sea of Japan.

12、C.About 3.2 billion species have been saved up to now.D.About 80 species have died out because of warming seas.Ha解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二句About 8 percent of the fish and shellfish populations the team studied saw losses as a result of the ocean warming. ” 可矢口, 大約8%的魚類和水生有殼動物數(shù)量上遭受了重大損失。應選A項。根據(jù)第二段第三句In some pa

13、rts. . . the decrease is as high as 35 percent. v 可知，B 項表述錯誤；根據(jù)第五段第一句 “About 3. 2 billion people worldwide rely on seafood as a source of food. “ 可知,C 項表述錯誤;文章沒有提到D項所表述的內容。From which is the text probably taken?A.A cooking guide.B. A science magazine.C.A news review.D. A health brochure.|b畫推理判斷題。通讀全文

14、可知，一項最新研究顯示，隨著海洋變暖，魚類和水生有殼動物的 數(shù)量正在減少。這在一定程度上影響了漁業(yè)的產量和這些生物的健康。由此可推知，本文屬于 科學類文章。應選B項。三、七選五閱讀理解Like most people,your natural instinct （本能）is probably to help others when you can. 1 Whether you re refusing an invitation to a party or turning down a new project at work, you can say no while still being r

15、espectful. Whatever the situation is, be clear, polite and firm when saying no.Express your thanks. 2 If you have to turn someone down, express your thanks that they thought of you in the first place.You could say something like, uThanks for considering me responsible enough to watch your kids.F m s

16、orry that I m busy that evening. ”Think before you speak. If you say no immediately, it might seem like you didn t even consider the request. In order to be respectful, take a moment to think about your answer一even if you already know what it is going to be. 3Give a clear answer. Saying no respectfu

17、lly shows that you re honest and direct. 4 If you can t help, say no. If someone is asking you on a date and you don t want to go, make that clear.5 You can say no without completely turning down the request.By setting boundaries, you can make it clear exactly what you can do and what you are willin

18、g to do. For example, you could say, T m not free for dinner, but I would be coming for a quick drink after work. ” A. Find a way to compromise.Take a pause, and then kindly say no.But sometimes, you just need to say no.ItJ s strange to feel guilty for turning someone down.Make it clear that you sin

19、cerely appreciate being asked.If you feel it necessary, you can also provide a reason for your answer.Do not give people false hope that you will be able to satisfy their request. 答案5 CEBGA 四、完形填空（2019 全國 I ）Every year about 40, 000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa

20、. They with them lots of waste. The 2 might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers（冰HI） are disappearing, changing the 3 of Kilimanjaro.Hearing these stories,F m 4 about the place一other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.However, I soon 5 that much has changed since the

21、days of disturbing reports of 6 among tons of rubbish. I find a 7 mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are 8 but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be 9 .The best of a Kilimanjaro 10 , in my opinion, isn, t reaching the top.

22、Mountains are 11 as spiritual places by many cultures.This 12 is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as 13 go through five ecosystems （生態(tài)系統(tǒng)）in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters, 14 lands of low growing plants. Further up,the weather 15 -low c

23、louds envelope the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I 16 twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4, 000 meters is the highland 17 :gravel （礫石），stones and rocks. 18 you climb into an arctic-like zone with 19 snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.Does Kilimanjaro 20

24、its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace?I found the opposite to be true.A. keepB. mixC.connect D.bring畫由上文“每年大約有四萬人試圖攀爬乞力馬扎羅山”和下文“或許會破壞它的美感”可 知，眾多的登山者帶來了許多垃圾。bring with “帶來”。應選D項。A.storiesB. buildingsC.crowdsD.reporters|答案|c畫由上文可知，每年約四萬人攀爬乞力馬扎羅山，擁擠

25、的人群（及所帶來的垃圾）或許會影響 它的美感。crowds “擁擠的人群”。應選C項。A. positionB. ageC. faceD. name畫由上文可知，此處表示冰川正在消融，改變著乞力馬扎羅山的面貌。face “面 貌”；position “位置；age 年齡；name 名字”。應選C項。A.silentB.skepticalC. seriousD.crazy畫根據(jù)上文講述的乞力馬扎羅山的氣候環(huán)境變化和下文的“其他旅游景點被描述得更加純 凈天然”可知，此處意為聽完這些故事，“我”對乞力馬扎羅山的自然美景持懷疑態(tài)度。skeptical “懷疑的；silent “沉默的；serious

26、“嚴肅的；crazy “瘋狂的。應選B項。A.discoverB. argueC.decideD. advocate畫根據(jù)句首However表示轉折可知，與前面的描述不同，作者不久發(fā)現(xiàn)了乞力馬扎羅山的美， 應選 A 項。discover 發(fā)現(xiàn)；argue “爭論”；decide “決定”；advocate “擁護”。A. equipment B. grassC. campsD. stones畫此處指的是自從乞力馬扎羅山上營地周圍成噸垃圾的報道后，情況發(fā)生了許多變化。下文 又接著講述作者在營地和道路上看到了廁所，由此推知,上文中提到的報道指的是以前的營地 是坐落在垃圾堆中的，現(xiàn)在干凈了許多。ca

27、mp “營地”；equipment ”裝備；grass “草”；stone “石頭”。應選C項。A. remoteB. quietC. tallD. clean|d畫本句提到作者在營地和道路旁邊看到了許多廁所，與在報道中出現(xiàn)的垃圾堆中的營地截 然不同，干凈衛(wèi)生。應選D項。A. newB. specialC. significant D. necessary畫前文提到了作者擔憂乞力馬扎羅山面臨的嚴峻的環(huán)境問題會毀壞它在人們心目中的美的 形象。此處指的是面臨的環(huán)境考驗是很重要的(significant)。應選C項。A.paying off B.spreading out C.blowing up

28、D.fading away ggA畫本句but表示轉折關系，雖然環(huán)境面臨著考驗,坦桑尼亞國家公園管理局做出的努力似乎 挺奏效。pay off ”成功;奏效;到達目的；spread out ”展開;鋪開“；blow up “爆炸；fade away “逐漸消失”。應選A項。A. atmosphere B. experienceC. experiment D.sight|b4 purer?4 purer? natural4 purer? natural解析由上文第二段中的other destinations are described as experiences. v可知此空填experienc

29、e。句意：在我看來,攀登乞力馬扎羅山的4 purer? naturalA.studied B.observedC.explored D. regardedD)解理由下文可知，乞力馬扎羅山的很多山脈被許多文化視為精神家園。be regarded as.“被 視為”。應選I)項。12. A. viewC. reasonB. quality12. A. viewC. reasonD.purpose步解釋上句內容,為什么乞力馬扎羅山的很多山脈被許多文化視為精神家園。隨 著人們在幾千米的空間內穿過五種生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，這種“觀點”尤其明顯。應選A項。A. scientists B. climbersC. loc

30、als D.officials|b畫此處指攀登者可以在幾千米的空間內穿過五種生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。應選B項。climber 攀登 者；scientist “科學家”；local “當?shù)厝耍镜厝?；official “官員”。A. holding on toB. going back toC. living up to D.giving way to|d畫上文講到山腳處是雨林,它在3 000米的地方突然結束?！白屛弧苯o矮生植物。應選D項。 give way to ”給讓位”；hold on to “堅持；go back to “返回”；live up to “到達”。.A.changes B.clearsC

31、.improves D.permits|a畫由上文可知,有五種生態(tài)系統(tǒng),所以再往上氣候又有變化。應選A項。.A. matchB.imagineC. countD. add|答案|c畫由上文可知,低云壓山，茂密的草叢覆蓋著山腰,本句那么為從作者所站之處望去可以數(shù)到 12種濃淡深淺的綠色。應選C項。. A. villageB. desertC. roadD. lake畫此處指的是4 000米以上為高原沙漠環(huán)境。根據(jù)下文的礫石、石頭和巖石可知為類沙漠 環(huán)境的描述。desert “沙漠”；village “村莊”；road “道路”；lake “湖泊”。應選B項。 18.A.Obviously B.

32、Easily C. Consequently D. Finally解近由上文可知，作者已經(jīng)講了四種生態(tài)系統(tǒng):rainforest, low growing plants, thick grass, highland desert,還有最后的也是最冷的arctic-like zone(類北極地帶),應選D項。 19.A.permanent B.little C.freshD.artificial畫本句意為“類北極地帶上方有永久的積雪和冰川，但它們可能不久后會融化”。 permanent “永久的；little “小的；fresh “新鮮的；artificial “人造的。應選 A 項。 20.A

33、.enjoyB.deserveC. saveD. acquire畫文章最后作者發(fā)出感慨:一個人滿為患，破壞了原有寧靜的乞力馬扎羅山還能名副其實 嗎？ “我”發(fā)現(xiàn)恰恰相反。應選B項。五、語篇填空Household garbage sorting and recycling have become a hot topic in Shanghai because of China s first compulsory garbage-separation law every household and institution shall classify waste into four 2 (cat

34、egory). Those who fail to sort garbage may 3 (fine) up to 200 yuan.Previously, everything went into one bin, so this change has made many people very 4 (worry), who said they were struggling to master the details quickly.Now thanks to the efforts of 5 number of young programmers, discovering the proper classification for each piece of household waste has become as simple as taking a photo 6 calling someone using your smartphone.They have applied speech and image recognition technologies 7 apps and other smartphone services to guide Shanghai residents through th