呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病豬肺炎支原體課件

1、Respiratory Disease Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病豬肺炎支原體Bob Morrison DVM, MBA, PhDSwine Group University of Minnesota 明尼蘇達(dá)大學(xué)呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病豬肺炎支原體1Respiratory Disease MycoplaMycoplasma hyopneumoniae豬肺炎支原體Transmission is primarily by direct contact with carrier swine. 傳播的主要途徑是與病原攜帶豬的直接接觸。Airborne transmission

2、possible 經(jīng)呼吸道傳播使感染成為可能Any age pig is susceptible to infection. 所有日齡的豬都易感。Maintained in herds by sow (primarily parity 1,2) to suckling pig contact. 在豬群中通過母豬（主要是第一、二產(chǎn)次母豬）與哺乳仔豬 接觸導(dǎo)致其持續(xù)存在。Primary clinical problem is in growing pigs, 3 to 6 months old 主要臨床問題出現(xiàn)在3到6月齡的生長(zhǎng)豬群身上呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病豬肺炎支原體2Mycoplasma hyopneu

3、moniae豬肺炎支原Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae豬肺炎支原體Long incubation period 10 to 16 weeks 長(zhǎng)潛伏期10-16周Slow spread 緩慢傳播Large numbers present in the early stages of disease 大量的病例出現(xiàn)于疾病的早期階段。Disease onset is gradual coughing for weeks to months 疾病的發(fā)病是漸進(jìn)性的咳嗽可持續(xù)數(shù)周到數(shù)月Disease course is markedly affected by concurrent or

4、 secondary infections 疾病的進(jìn)程明顯受并發(fā)或繼發(fā)感染的影響High variation in virulence 病原毒力差異很大呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病豬肺炎支原體3Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae豬肺炎支原What does M.hyopneumoniae do? 豬肺炎支原體有什么影響？Colonizes tracheal epithelium 病原定居于氣管上皮細(xì)胞Destroys cilia in tracheobronchi, interferes with clearance mechanisms 摧毀氣管、支氣管上皮的纖毛，干擾氣管的清除機(jī)制Inter

5、feres with macrophage activity 干擾了巨噬細(xì)胞活性Mononuclear peribronchial infiltration 單核細(xì)胞在支氣管周圍浸潤(rùn)Produces lesions of pneumonia 造成肺炎的病變May be severe in susceptible animals 對(duì)易感動(dòng)物可能有嚴(yán)重后果Produces slight ADG 導(dǎo)致豬平均日增重的輕微下降A(chǔ)llows bacterial superinfections -Pasteurella, Strep, Actinobacillus 易發(fā)生細(xì)菌的雙重感染巴氏桿菌、鏈球菌、放線

6、菌呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病豬肺炎支原體4What does M.hyopneumoniae do? Immunohistochemical stain免疫組化染色呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病豬肺炎支原體5Immunohistochemical stain免疫組化Diagnosis 診斷Gross lesions in lungs 肺部的眼觀病變well-demarcated, anteroventral, especially early in disease (7- 28 days) 界線分明、前腹葉、特別是在病變?cè)缙贖istopathology 組織病理學(xué)Specific and recognizable lesio

7、ns 特異性和可辨識(shí)的病變Distinguish from SIV 與豬流感相區(qū)別Detection of organism by PCR, frozen section FA, immunohistochemistry, culture 通過聚合酶鏈?zhǔn)椒磻?yīng)檢測(cè)病原、冰凍切片的熒光抗體檢測(cè)、免疫組織化學(xué)、病原培養(yǎng)Serology 血清學(xué)呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病豬肺炎支原體6Diagnosis 診斷Gross lesions in lMhyp呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病豬肺炎支原體7Mhyp呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病豬肺炎支原體7Histopathology 組織病理學(xué)呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病豬肺炎支原體8Histopathology 組織病理學(xué)呼

8、吸系統(tǒng)疾病豬肺炎支Diagnosis 診斷Culture is difficult 培養(yǎng)困難Fastidious, contamination by other Mycoplasma sp. 對(duì)培養(yǎng)要求苛刻，易受其他支原體的污染High sensitivity in the early stages of disease 在疾病的早期階段有高靈敏度Organism numbers decline over the course of the disease 病原數(shù)量在整個(gè)疾病過程中都在逐步下降PCR nested vs non-nested 聚合酶鏈?zhǔn)椒磻?yīng)套式與非套式Routine, rapi

9、d 常規(guī)、快速（檢驗(yàn)）Tracheobronchial swabs or lung lavage 支氣管沾取物或肺部灌洗物Not upper respiratory tract, nasal swabs less sensitive 不要用上呼吸道采樣，鼻拭出物敏感性較差Positive results correlated with 陽性結(jié)果與以下因素有關(guān)Presence of clinical signs, lung lesions, eventual seroconversion 臨床特征的存在、肺部病變、最終的血清學(xué)變化 呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病豬肺炎支原體9Diagnosis 診斷Culture

10、 is diffImmunoflurescence免疫熒光 呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病豬肺炎支原體10Immunoflurescence免疫熒光 呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病豬肺Diagnosis 診斷Serology is a measure of response to natural infection or vaccination 血清學(xué)檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果是衡量機(jī)體對(duì)自然感染或疫苗免疫應(yīng)答的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病豬肺炎支原體11Diagnosis 診斷Serology is a measMycoplasma hyopneumoniae Serology 豬肺炎支原體的血清學(xué)Serum antibody 血清抗體Delayed an

11、d variable seroconversion, 2 to 8 wks post-infection 延遲和產(chǎn)生血清學(xué)變化，感染后2到8周 ELISA 酶聯(lián)免疫吸附Tween 20 ELISA 吐溫20酶聯(lián)免疫吸附Whole cell membrane protein antigen 全細(xì)胞膜表面蛋白抗原Cross-reactions with non-pathogenic M. flocculare 與無致病性的絮狀支原體有交叉反應(yīng)Antibodies peak 5-7 weeks post infection. Seropositive 1 year later (25% at 8-1

12、2 months) 抗體高峰出現(xiàn)在感染后5-7周，1年后仍呈血清學(xué)陽性（有25保持8-12個(gè)月）DAKO ELISA DAKO酶聯(lián)免疫吸附Monoclonal antibody, species-specific epitope 74 kD protein antigen 支原體抗體，種屬特異性的長(zhǎng)度為74kD的單抗原決定簇蛋白抗原 Higher specificity 高度特異性Both have unexpected/false positive results 都有出現(xiàn)非預(yù)期/假陽性結(jié)果的可能Repeated serological tests, clinical signs, lesi

13、ons at necropsy or slaughter. 重復(fù)血清學(xué)檢驗(yàn)、臨床癥狀、剖檢或屠宰中發(fā)現(xiàn)的病變 呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病豬肺炎支原體12Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae SerolEvaluating prevalence流行狀況的評(píng)估Slaughter checks 屠宰檢查check approximately 30 pigs 檢查約30頭豬as near as possible to 180 days 盡可能接近180日齡的豬at approximately same age 在日齡基本相近的豬身上Cough index 咳嗽的觀察observe 2 pens or 4

14、0 pigs 觀察兩欄或40頭豬observe for 5 minutes 觀察5分鐘always same time of day 總在一天的同一時(shí)間觀察count coughs/minute 記算每分鐘咳嗽次數(shù)recognize that cough indicates onset of pneumonia, not infection and that cough does not give etiologic differentiation 辨別咳嗽是肺炎初起的反應(yīng)、非感染性咳嗽和無法給出病原的咳嗽間的區(qū)別Bacterium profile 細(xì)菌學(xué)剖面Use PCR from nasa

15、l swabs 用聚合酶鏈?zhǔn)椒磻?yīng)分辯鼻拭出物的細(xì)菌Recognize that positive pigs may not be sick or infectious 要認(rèn)識(shí)到陽性豬可能并沒有該病或被感染呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病豬肺炎支原體13Evaluating prevalence流行狀況的評(píng)估SRespiratory Disease Complex呼吸系統(tǒng)病的復(fù)合感染M hyo 肺炎支原體plus commonly detected bacteria 其他通常檢出菌 P. multocida, H parasuis, S suis, Actinomyces, etc.多殺性巴氏桿菌、嗜血桿菌、鏈球菌

16、、放線桿菌等plus commonly detected viruses 其他通常檢出病毒PRRS, PCV-2, Influenza, PRCV, etc. 藍(lán)耳病、豬圓環(huán)病毒型、流感、偽狂犬病毒等呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病豬肺炎支原體14Respiratory Disease Complex呼吸Lung from a pig with porcine respiratory disease complex due to PRRSV, M. hyo., and P. multocida 由藍(lán)耳病病毒、肺炎支原體和多殺性巴氏桿菌導(dǎo)致的豬呼吸道病復(fù)合感染豬的肺部呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病豬肺炎支原體15Lung from

17、a pig with porcine rRespiratory Disease Complex呼吸系統(tǒng)病的復(fù)合感染Essentially a delayed presentation of mycoplasma 必然推遲支原體的疾病表現(xiàn)Usually seen in late finishing stages 通常出現(xiàn)在育成豬階段的后期This complicated form is more severe than uncomplicated enzootic pneumonia 有復(fù)合感染的情形遠(yuǎn)較非復(fù)合性感染的地方性流行性肺炎Treatment and control are diffi

18、cult 治療和控制都很困難Vaccinate sows 疫苗免疫母豬Vaccinate pigs for M hyo 肺炎支原體疫苗免疫豬Gilt acclimation, ensure that gilts have high immunity and low shedding 后備母豬的環(huán)境適應(yīng)，確保后備母豬有高免疫力和低散毒率。呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病豬肺炎支原體16Respiratory Disease Complex呼吸Serology 血清學(xué)Serology is a measure of immune response either natural or vaccine induced.

19、It does not predict protective effects. 血清學(xué)檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果是衡量免疫應(yīng)答的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不論是自然感染還是疫苗誘導(dǎo)。但是它并不能預(yù)期疫苗的保護(hù)效果Higher seroprevalence in lower parity sows. 在低產(chǎn)次母豬中有更高的血清學(xué)發(fā)病率。Colostral antibody decay from 30 to 63 days 母源抗體的衰竭從30開始到63天結(jié)束Colostral antibodies may provide partial protection against experimental challenge and nat

20、ural disease. 母源抗體可能提供了部分保護(hù)以對(duì)抗在實(shí)驗(yàn)和自然疾病的感染。呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病豬肺炎支原體17Serology 血清學(xué)Serology is a measSerum profile 血清學(xué)曲線sample lots of 10 pigs of different ages 從10頭豬的不同日齡采取大量血清樣品test serum for antibodies 檢測(cè)血清中的抗體determine seroconversion 確定血清學(xué)變化recognize that seroconversion in M hyo is very delayed 認(rèn)識(shí)到肺炎支原體的血清學(xué)變化的

21、出現(xiàn)具有很大的時(shí)延性。呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病豬肺炎支原體18Serum profile 血清學(xué)曲線呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病豬肺炎支原Treatment for M. hyo肺炎支原體的治療Tiamulin 泰妙靈15 mg/kg x 3 days IM15毫克/公斤體重3天 肌注30 ppm in the feed 30ppm拌料Lincomycin 林可霉素10 mg/kg x 3 days IM 10毫克/公斤體重3天 肌注100 mg/ton treatment 100毫克/噸 治療劑量40 gm/ton control 40克/噸 控制劑量Tylan 泰樂菌素8 mg/kg x 3 days IM - no

22、t licensed for treatment 8毫克/公斤體重3天 肌注不允許用于治100 gm/ton - effectiveness? 100克/噸 治療劑量有效？Tylan/Sulfa泰樂菌素/磺胺類藥物100 gm/ton tylosin & 100 gm/ton Sulfamethazine 100克/噸泰樂菌素和100克/噸磺胺二甲基嘧啶Tetracyclines 四環(huán)素類400gm/ton Chlortetracycline 400克/噸金霉素20 mg/kg Oxytetracycline IM 20毫克/公斤體重土霉素 肌注 50mg/kg Tetracycline HC

23、I PC 50毫克/公斤體重鹽酸四環(huán)素Very good for prophylaxis 有很好的預(yù)防效果呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病豬肺炎支原體19Treatment for M. hyo肺炎支原體的治療TiTreatment for P. multocida多殺性巴氏桿菌的治療Sulfas磺胺類藥Sulfadimethoxine 磺胺二甲氧基嘧啶Sulfamethazine - residues! 磺胺二甲基嘧啶殘留問題！Sulfathiazole 磺胺塞唑Given in drinking water 3-5d 飲水投藥3-5天Lincomycin -no direct effect on Pasteurella 林可霉素對(duì)巴氏桿菌沒有直接作用Spectinomycin壯觀霉素10 mg/kg IM 10毫克/公斤體重 肌注Tetracyclines - See Mycoplasma 四環(huán)素類見支原體章節(jié)Ampicillin 氨芐青霉素10 mg/kg IM 10毫克/公斤體重 肌注Trimethoprim/Sulfa 磺胺增效劑/磺胺In drinking water-not l