紡織材料學(xué)課件：第12章 織物及其分類

1、本章知識點：1、織物的概念、分類2、機織物、針織物、非織造布的定義、分類、用途3、織物加工原理第十二章 織物及其分類織物的定義 織物(Fabric) ：是把纖維集合在一起制成的較大、較薄的平板狀物體。 織物的現(xiàn)代定義是纖維，或紗線，或纖維與紗線按一定規(guī)律構(gòu)成的片狀（或展開后成片狀）的集合物。Introduction to FabricsFabric classifications According to marketAccording to manufacturing technologyAccording to weightAccording to finishing conditions

2、Introduction to FabricsAccording to marketApparelDomestic or home furnishingIndustrialAccording to manufacturing technologyWovensKnitsBraidsNonconventional or nonwovenwovens通常把經(jīng)紗與緯紗成直角交織而形成的織物叫機織物或梭織物。distinguishable 可區(qū)別的,可辨別的,易分辨的 knitting定義：把紗制成線圈，再將線圈連接起來而制成的織物稱為針織物 特點：蓬松柔軟，富于延伸性和彈性，透氣性好，不易折皺，舒適合

3、體。應(yīng)用：內(nèi)衣、外衣、運動服、襪子、手套等，特別是要求松軟、輕薄質(zhì)地的產(chǎn)品，如內(nèi)衣、T恤、運動衣、羊毛衫、襪子、手套、圍巾等。Braids(knotwork) 由紗線通過多種方法、包括用結(jié)節(jié)互相連接或鉤連而成的制品，如網(wǎng)、花邊等； Nonconventional or nonwovenISO9002賦予非織造材料的定義如下(用原文表示)： A manufactured sheet, web or batt of directionally or randomly orientated fibers, bonded by friction, and/or cohesion and/or adhe

4、sion, excluding paper (see note) and products which are woven, knitted, tufted, stitch-bonded incorporating binding yarns or filaments, or felted by wet-milling, whether or not additionally needled. The fibers may be of natural or man-made origin. They may be staple or continuous filaments or be for

5、med in site. INDA (International Nonwovens and Disposable Association) 賦予非織造材料的定義如下(用原文表示)： Nonwoven fabrics are broadly defined as sheet or web structures bonded together by entangling fiber or filaments (and by perforating films) mechanically, thermally or chemically. They are flat, porous sheets

6、that are made directly from separate fibers or from molten plastic or plastic film. They are not made by weaving or knitting and do not require converting the fibers to yarn. ASTM賦予非織造材料的定義如下(用原文表達(dá))： A structure produced by bonding of mechanical, chemical, thermal, or solvent means and the cominatio

7、n thereof. The term does not include paper or fabrics that are woven, knitted, tufted or those made by wool or other felting processes. 粘合纖維網(wǎng) 層壓縫編 點熔接 取向纖維網(wǎng)Introduction to FabricsAccording to weightLightMediumHeavy棉、毛、絲織物的厚度與類型（單位：mm） 織物類別 棉織物 毛織物 絲織物 精梳毛織物 粗梳毛織物 輕薄型 0.25 0.40 1.10 0.40 0.60 1.60 0.28 According to finishing conditionsGreige, gray or grey（坯布，本色布）Finished（處理織物,成品布） Unconventional fabrics(特種織物)Triaxial we