大學(xué)英語四級匹配題技巧總結(jié)課件

1、 四級考試閱讀技巧 句子與段落匹配題1 四級考試閱讀技巧1作文（30分鐘） 翻譯（30分鐘）聽力（30分鐘）選詞填空（7分鐘）深度閱讀（20分鐘）長篇閱讀（13分鐘）共130分鐘40分鐘2作文（30分鐘） 翻譯（30分鐘）聽力（30分鐘）作文(15%) 翻譯15%聽力(35%)選詞填空5%深度閱讀20%35%長篇閱讀10%共710分及格425分3作文(15%) 翻譯15%聽力(35%)選篇章后附有10個(gè)句子，每句一題。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求找出與每句所含信息相匹配的段落。有的段落可能對應(yīng)兩題，有的段落可能不對應(yīng)任何一題。 三個(gè)及三個(gè)以上的句子對應(yīng)一個(gè)段落的情況沒有出現(xiàn)過。4篇章

2、后附有10個(gè)句子，每句一題。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某 長篇閱讀的文章基本都是專業(yè)題材的文章，可能會覺得很陌生，不要求完全理解只要求能夠通過略讀或查讀的方式找到題干的信息并根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容相比做出正確選擇。只是有題干和答案簡單的同義詞替換 。5 長篇閱讀的文章基本都是專業(yè)題材的文章，可能會覺得很陌生， 選材來源New ScientistNewsweekThe New York TimesTimeThe Washington Post 6 選材來源6 體裁方面 題材方面議論文說明文新聞評述記敘文人文科學(xué)自然科學(xué)7 體裁方面 題材方面議論文人題型歸納細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題，文字上和原文一樣。（最簡單）同義轉(zhuǎn)述題，

3、即文字上換了同義的表達(dá)。（簡單）細(xì)節(jié)推斷題，即句子是從原文某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)推斷出來。（較難）段意歸納題，即句子是某段文字意思的歸納。 （較難）8題型歸納細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題，文字上和原文一樣。（最簡單）8 匹配題閱讀步驟:Step1（0.5-1min）第一步：閱讀文章標(biāo)題和文章重要部位了解文章內(nèi)容 （Skimming） 1、文章標(biāo)題 2、首段第一句話 3、末段第一句話和最后一句話 如果句子是非概括性的句子則不看。 主要目的是了解topic和attitude9 匹配題閱讀步驟:Step1（0.5-1min）第一步： Example 簡單瀏覽文章標(biāo)題和文章重要部位，用時(shí)越短越好。大致了解文章內(nèi)容。（Skimming

4、）Title：TV Linked to Lower MarksFirst sentences in First Paragraph: The effect of television on children has been debated .Now three new studiesFirst Sentence in Last Paragraph: Lucas puts the responsibility for squarely on parents.10 Example 簡單瀏覽文章標(biāo)題和文章重要部位，第二步：分析題目+查讀（scanning） 1）分析題目 找出題目中的關(guān)鍵詞和定位詞

5、。 關(guān)鍵詞是指題目簡化后的中心詞，最能表示出句子的含義。 定位詞是題目中的專有信息或特殊信息(數(shù)字、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、特殊字體和特殊符號等），它能幫助定位到具體的段落。 閱讀步驟:Step2（12min）11第二步：分析題目+查讀（scanning） 閱讀步驟:St 1.人名定位2.地點(diǎn)定位3.數(shù)字定位4.事件定位5.現(xiàn)象定位6.動作引語定位7.對象定位8.專有名詞定位9.修飾語定位10.主題定位 閱讀步驟:Step2（12min）12 1.人名定位 閱讀步驟:Step2（12mi 標(biāo)紅為關(guān)鍵詞，下劃線為定位詞 1. According to Borzekowski, children hav

6、ing chances to use a family computer are likely to acquire better results on the different tests. 2. The reports issued in the Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescents Medicine find that watching too much TV leads to poor performance in school. Example13 標(biāo)紅為關(guān)鍵詞，下劃線為定位詞 Exam 3. Watching more than three h

7、ours of TV before age 3 has bad effect on kids. 4. According to the second report, the chance for one to acquire a college degree depends on the amount of his TV watching during his children. . Example14 3. Watching more than thre閱讀步驟:Step2(12mins) 2）查讀(Scanning) 1、看題目，按題查找。帶著題目中的定位詞，到原文中去查找定位，找到句子信

8、息所在段落。有時(shí)要用到句子中的多個(gè)定位詞到原文中定位查找。查找時(shí)遵循先易后難的原則。（Scanning） 在查讀時(shí),一目十行地尋視與答題內(nèi)容相關(guān)的詞句,與此無關(guān)的內(nèi)容要很快略過。在最短的時(shí)間內(nèi)掠過盡可能多的內(nèi)容,找到所需要的信息。 2、確定答案。定位后，在定位詞附近找有無與題目關(guān)鍵詞相關(guān)內(nèi)容，有則直接選擇該段，無則繼續(xù)往下找定位詞（可在未確定位置標(biāo)上定位詞的題號以便下次判斷）。 15閱讀步驟:Step2(12mins) 2）查讀(Sca閱讀步驟:Step2(12mins) 先易后難原則+不重復(fù)原則第一遍： 第一題定位時(shí)scan每段的第一句話（隨手用/區(qū)分首句）。找到則在段落前打表示已對應(yīng)一題，

9、然后做下一題；沒找到則放棄直接做下一題。后面同理。最后大概能完成3-6題第二遍： 沒完成的題目重新開始，題目定位時(shí)scan每段的最后一句（隨手用/區(qū)分末句）。找到則在段落前打表示已對應(yīng)一題，然后做下一題；沒找到則放棄直接做下一題。后面同理。最后大概還剩2-3題 16閱讀步驟:Step2(12mins) 先易后閱讀步驟:Step2(12mins)第三遍： 剩下的題目，定位時(shí)scan每段的中間（先找沒有標(biāo)注的段落，打過兩次的段落不用看）。最后大概還剩0-1題 三遍完成后剩下的題目算是比較難的題目，做起來得不償失，可以選擇放棄，也可以根據(jù)題目句子含義猜測會處于文章的大致位置。17閱讀步驟:Step2

10、(12mins)第三遍：17閱讀步驟:Step2(12mins) 查讀可運(yùn)用下列技巧: 1、利用章節(jié)標(biāo)題：Title（標(biāo)題）、Subtitle（副標(biāo)題）和Section heading（段落標(biāo)題） 2、在瀏覽每段首句時(shí)，如果有的話，可順手將本段的關(guān)鍵詞用筆圈出。這些起到小標(biāo)題的作用。再閱讀到該段時(shí)可以輔助判斷，減少閱讀難度。 3、不斷的查讀過程中留意掌握文章的大致結(jié)構(gòu)脈絡(luò)18閱讀步驟:Step2(12mins) 查讀可運(yùn)用下列技 Follow me 2015年6月四級真題19 Follow me 2015年6月四級真題19 Essay-Grading Software Offers Profe

11、ssors a Break AImagine taking a college exam, and, instead of handing in a blue book and getting a grade from a professor a few weeks later, clicking the send button when you are done and receiving a grade back instantly, your essay, scored by a software program. And then, instead of being done with

12、 that exam, imagine that, the system would immediately let you rewrite the test to try to improve your grade. B EdX, the nonprofit enterprise founded by Howard and the Masschusetts Institute of Technology（MIT） to offer courses on the Internet, has just introduced such a system and will make its auto

13、mated software available free on the Web to any institution that wants to use it. The software uses artificial intelligence to grade students essays and short written freeing professors for other tests. 20 Essay-Grading Software Off C The news service will bring the educational consortium（聯(lián)盟）into a

14、growing conflict over the role of automation in education. Although automated grading systems for multiple-choice and true-false tests are now widespread, the use of artificial intelligence technology to grade essay answers has not yet received widespread acceptance by educators and has many critics

15、. D Anant Agarwal, an electrical engineer who is the president of EdX, predicted that Instant-grading software would be a useful teaching tool，enabling students to take tests and write as essays over and over and improve the quality of their answers, he said that the technology would offer distinct

16、advantages over the traditional classroom system, where students often wait days or weeks for grades. There is a huge value in learning with instant feedback, Dr. Agarwal said. Students are telling us they learn much better with instant feedback. 21 C The news service will E But skeptics（懷疑者）say the

17、 automated system is no match for live teachers. One longtime critic, Les Perelman, has drawn national attention several times for putting together nonsense essays that have fooled software grading programs into giving high marks. He has also been highly critical of studies claiming that the softwar

18、e compares well to human graders. F He is among a group of educators who last month began circulating a petition（呼吁）opposing automated assessment software. The group, which calls itself Professionals Against Machine. Scoring of student Essays in High-Stake Assessment, has collected nearly 2, 000 sig

19、natures, including some from famous people like Noam Chomsky. 22 E But skeptics（懷疑者）sa G Lets face the realities automatic essay scoring, The groups statement reads in part. Computer cannot read. They cannot measure the essentials of effective written communication: accuracy, reasoning, adequacy of

20、evidence, good sense, ethical（倫理的）position, convincing argument, Meaningful organization and clarity among others. “ H But EdX expects its software to be adopted widely by schools and universities. It offers free online classes from Howard, MIT and the University of California-Berkeley; This fall, i

21、t will add classes from Wellesley, Georgetown and the University of Texas. In all, 12 universities participate in EdX, Which offers certificates for course Completion and has said that it plans to continue to expand next year, including adding international schools. 23 G Lets face the real I The EdX

22、 assessment tool requires human teachers, or graders, to first grade, 100essays or essay questions. The system then uses variety of machine-learning techniques to train itself to be able to grade any number of essays or answers, or automatically and almost instantly. The software will assign a grade

23、 depending on the scoring system Created by the teacher, whether it is a letter grade or numerical（數(shù)字的） rank. J EdX is not the first to use the automated assessment and technology, which dates to early computer in the 1960s. There is now a range of companies offering commercial programs to grade wri

24、tten test answers, and four states-Louisiana, North Dakota, Utah and West VirginiaAre using some form of the technology in secondary schools, A fifth, Indiana, has experitmented with it. In some cases the software is used as a secondary reader, to check the reliability of the human graders. 24 I The

25、 EdX assessment t K But the growing influence of the EdX consortium to set standards is likely to give the technology a boost. On Tuesday, Stanford announced that it would work with EdX to develop a joint educational system that will make use of the automated assessment technology. L Two start-ups,

26、Coursera and Udacity, recently founded by Stanford faculty members to create massive open online courses, or MOOCs, are also committed to automated assessment systems because of the value of instant feedback. It allows students to get immediate feedback on their work, so that learning turns into a g

27、ame, with students naturally, gravitating（吸引）toward resubmitting the work until they get it right, said Daphne Koller, A computer scientist, and a founder of Coursera.25 K But the growing inf M Last year the Hewlett Foundation, a grant-making organization set up by one of the Hewlett Packard founder

28、s and his wife, sponsored two $100, 000 prices aimed at improving software that grades essays and short answers. More than 150 teams entered each category. A winner of one of the Hewlett contests, Vik Paruchuri, was hired by EdX to help design its assessment software. N One of our focuses is to help

29、 kids learn how to think critically, said Victor Vuchic, a program officer at the Hewlett Foundation. Its probably impossible to do that with multiple-choice tests. The challenge is that this requires human graders, and so they cost a lot more and they take a lot more time. . 26 M Last year the Hewl

30、e O Mark. D. Shermis, a professor at the University of Akron in Ohio, supervised the Hewlett Foundations contest an automated essay scoring and wrote a paper about the experiment. In his view, the technologythough imperfecthas a place in educational sightings. P With increasingly large classes, it i

31、s impossible for most teachers to give students meaningful feedback on writing assignments, he said. Plus, he noted, critics of the technology has tended to come from the nations best universities, where the level of teaching is much better than at most schools. Q Often they come from very famous in

32、stitutions where, in fact, they do a much better job of providing feedback than a machine ever could, Dr. Shermis said. “There seems to be a lack of appreciation of what is actually going on in the real world. 27 O Mark. D. Shermis, a(46)Some professionals in education are collecting signatures to v

33、oice their opposition to automated essay grading. (47) Using software to grade students essays saves teachers time for other work. (48) The Hewlett contests aim at improving essays grading software. (49) Though the automated grading system is widely used in multiple-choice tests, automated essays gr

34、ading is still criticized by many educators. (50) Some people dont believe the software grading system can do as good a job as human graders. 28(46)Some professionals in educ(51) Critics of automated essay scoring do not seem to know the true realities in less famous universities. (52) Critics argue

35、 many important aspect of effective writing cannot be measured by computer rating programs. (53) As the class size grows, most teachers are unable to give students valuable comments as to how to improve their writings. (54) The automated assessment technology is sometimes used to double check the wo

36、rk of human graders. (55) Students find instant feedback helps improve their learning considerably. 29(51) Critics of automated essa如何提高閱讀技能如何快速有效的閱讀1）閱讀時(shí)注意力要高度集中，不可走神，要有良好的心理素質(zhì)，千萬不能有畏難情緒。即看到生詞不緊張不退縮，因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)句子中的一兩個(gè)生詞一般不會影響你對這個(gè)句子的60%到70%的理解2）視域要寬 每一眼看的詞要盡量的多。我們閱讀表面是用眼睛看，實(shí)際是用腦子讀，眼睛只是起了照相機(jī)鏡頭的作用。努力使自己的眼睛變成

37、“廣角鏡”，把盡可能多的詞能一眼“盡收眼底”。 (一眼掃過去，看一行也就兩秒，大概了解講的是什么就過，不要糾結(jié)細(xì)節(jié))30如何提高閱讀技能如何快速有效的閱讀303）意群要長 在每個(gè)視幅中不是讓你把很多的單詞都收進(jìn)腦子，而是要善于從中攝取有意義的詞組，這個(gè)有意義的詞組就是意群。 快速閱讀者是半句或一句句地讀。視幅大大加寬，停頓的間隙少而短，獲取的都是有意義的詞組，因而理解全句或全段就能做到水到渠成 如何提高閱讀技能313）意群要長 在每個(gè)視幅中不是讓你把很多的單詞都收進(jìn)腦子，而如何提高閱讀技能以意群閱讀舉例：Successful improvement of your reading depend

38、s upon your eagerness to improve and your willingness to practice.如果你一個(gè)一個(gè)詞來讀這句話, 你的視線就要在每個(gè)詞上都要停留一次, 影響閱讀速度, 單個(gè)詞本身是不會產(chǎn)生任何意義的，只有與其他詞聯(lián)系起來，才能構(gòu)成一定的意義，即將單個(gè)的詞語按照自然的語法和意義關(guān)系組織起來 構(gòu)成一定意義的這一組詞，就是意群（idea units or meaningful units） 。閱讀時(shí)以意群為單位，而不是以詞為單位來理解吸收。32如何提高閱讀技能32如何提高閱讀技能如果以意群為單位, 即：Successful improvementof

39、your readingdepends uponyour eagernessto improveand your willingnessto practice.這樣, 你的視線是在每個(gè)詞組上停留, 停留次數(shù)減少,意義比較連貫,即使你的視線在詞組上停留的時(shí)間要比在一個(gè)單詞上停留的時(shí)間稍微長一些, 但因?yàn)橐饬x容易理解, 總體時(shí)間還是要比前者短, 而且閱讀質(zhì)量提高了。 其實(shí)，我掃讀這段話時(shí)，我入心的只是紅色部分&看這段話的時(shí)間只需要兩秒33如何提高閱讀技能如果以意群為單位, 即：33如何提高閱讀技能詞組越長, 閱讀速度越快：Successful improvement of your readingdepends uponyour eagerness to improveand your willingness to practice.這樣閱讀的效果是你感覺閱讀時(shí), 你的視線在跳躍, 你的腦子來不及將英語翻譯成中文, 就已經(jīng)理解了。其實(shí)說太多技巧也沒用，這些技巧適合我卻不一定適合你，你需要理解總結(jié)！適合