意義表示動(dòng)作匯總課件

1、肆、動(dòng)詞意義：表示動(dòng)作、存在等意義。種類：視分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)而定一、依句子變換的規(guī)則、可將動(dòng)詞分為： 1. Be動(dòng)詞(只有一個(gè)動(dòng)詞) 2. 非Be動(dòng)詞(一般動(dòng)詞)二、依動(dòng)詞後面是否可以直接加受詞分為： 1. 及物動(dòng)詞：V+受詞 2. 不及物動(dòng)詞： V+介系詞+受詞肆、動(dòng)詞意義：表示動(dòng)作、存在等意義。肆、動(dòng)詞三、依動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)意義之完整性分為： 1. 完全動(dòng)詞：run, work, cry, laugh 2. 不完全動(dòng)詞：make, let, do , is, am完全或不完全動(dòng)詞，會(huì)影響句子是否需要 “補(bǔ)語(yǔ)”。 主詞+不完全動(dòng)詞+ 主詞補(bǔ)語(yǔ) 受詞+受詞補(bǔ)語(yǔ) Ex: She looks sad. Ex:

2、She lets us feel happy.肆、動(dòng)詞三、依動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)意義之完整性分為：肆、動(dòng)詞 補(bǔ)語(yǔ)受詞需要補(bǔ)語(yǔ)不需要補(bǔ)語(yǔ)可直接加受詞不完全及物動(dòng)詞(使役V、感官V)完全及物動(dòng)詞S+V+O不可直接加受詞不完全不及物動(dòng)詞(Be-V、聯(lián)綴V)完全不及物動(dòng)詞Ex: He makes his mother cry.Ex: They were good students.Ex: I love youEx: She works.肆、動(dòng)詞 補(bǔ)語(yǔ)需要補(bǔ)語(yǔ)不需要肆、動(dòng)詞與格動(dòng)詞(授與動(dòng)詞) (施受)Ex: give, bring, take, borrow, land(1)S+V (動(dòng)詞：完全不及物)(2)S

3、+V+SC (動(dòng)詞：不完全不及物)(3)S+V+O (動(dòng)詞：完全及物)(4)S+V+O+OC (動(dòng)詞：不完全不及物)(5)S+V+O1+O2 (動(dòng)詞：與格動(dòng)詞)肆、動(dòng)詞與格動(dòng)詞(授與動(dòng)詞) (施受)肆、動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞涵義的辨識(shí)動(dòng)詞在英文中有兩層不同的涵義1、句型中的動(dòng)詞：可能有二個(gè)或二個(gè)以上 的動(dòng)詞單字2、詞類中的動(dòng)詞：僅指一個(gè)單字Ex: She is riding a bike.(指句型動(dòng)詞) She rides a bike.(指句型動(dòng)詞)肆、動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞涵義的辨識(shí)肆、動(dòng)詞單字的動(dòng)詞特性 任何一個(gè)動(dòng)詞皆有以下幾個(gè)型式：原型現(xiàn)在式過去式現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞動(dòng)名詞不定詞BeIs/am/arewas/were

4、beingbeenbeingto bewritewritewriteswrotewritingwrittenwritingto writeputputputsputputtingputputtingto put肆、動(dòng)詞單字的動(dòng)詞特性原型現(xiàn)在式過去式現(xiàn)在過去動(dòng)名詞不定詞B肆、動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞的七種型式中僅“現(xiàn)在式”與“過去式”動(dòng)詞可以單獨(dú)作為句子中的動(dòng)詞。Ex: She was a teacher. (o)Ex: John drives a car. (o)Ex: He riding a bike. (x)Ex: He ride a bike. (x)Ex: He rides a bike. (o)肆、

5、動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞的七種型式中僅“現(xiàn)在式”與“過去式”動(dòng)詞可以單肆、動(dòng)詞Seeing is believing.百聞不如一見 Riding a bike is interesting.=It is interesting to ride a bike.=To ride a bike is interesting.The desk is made well.English is taught.肆、動(dòng)詞Seeing is believing.百聞不如一見肆、動(dòng)詞句型中的動(dòng)詞：係指句型中動(dòng)詞位置。 動(dòng)詞的內(nèi)涵(句型)分為： 1、時(shí)式(12種) 2、語(yǔ)態(tài)(2種) 3、語(yǔ)氣(6種)肆、動(dòng)詞句型中的動(dòng)詞：係指句型中

6、動(dòng)詞位置。肆、動(dòng)詞時(shí)式一、時(shí)式：有關(guān)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間二、時(shí)式種類：12種 時(shí)式時(shí)間簡(jiǎn)單式進(jìn)行式完成式完成進(jìn)行式be+Vinghave+pphave been+Ving過去過去式vwas/were+Vinghad+pphad been+Ving現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在式vis/am/are+Vinghas/have+pphas/had+been+Ving未來will+Vrwill be +Vingwill have+ppwill have been+Ving肆、動(dòng)詞時(shí)式一、時(shí)式：有關(guān)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間 時(shí)式簡(jiǎn)單式進(jìn)肆、動(dòng)詞時(shí)式三、各種時(shí)式使用時(shí)機(jī)進(jìn)行式與完成進(jìn)行式，只有在說話者要“特別強(qiáng)調(diào)”時(shí)，才會(huì)使用。進(jìn)行式：強(qiáng)調(diào)

7、動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行完成進(jìn)行式：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生之後，持續(xù)的進(jìn)行肆、動(dòng)詞時(shí)式三、各種時(shí)式使用時(shí)機(jī)肆、動(dòng)詞時(shí)式1、過去簡(jiǎn)單式使用時(shí)機(jī)(1)描述過去事實(shí) Ex: I was a student.(2)描述過去的一個(gè)動(dòng)作或過去的習(xí)慣 Ex: I watched TV (last night). Ex: I usually got up at 6:30 (last year).肆、動(dòng)詞時(shí)式1、過去簡(jiǎn)單式使用時(shí)機(jī)肆、動(dòng)詞時(shí)式2、現(xiàn)在簡(jiǎn)單式使用時(shí)機(jī)(1)描述現(xiàn)在事實(shí)、動(dòng)作 Ex: We are college students.(2)描述現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣 Ex: He drives his car to school.

8、(3)描述原理、原則、不變的真理 Ex: One and one is(are) two.肆、動(dòng)詞時(shí)式2、現(xiàn)在簡(jiǎn)單式使用時(shí)機(jī)肆、動(dòng)詞時(shí)式3、未來簡(jiǎn)單式使用時(shí)機(jī)(1)描述未來即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作(2)描述未來的計(jì)劃 Ex: They will go to the movies.肆、動(dòng)詞時(shí)式3、未來簡(jiǎn)單式使用時(shí)機(jī)肆、動(dòng)詞時(shí)式4、過去進(jìn)行式使用時(shí)機(jī)(1)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某一特定時(shí)間下，有動(dòng)作正在進(jìn) 行。Ex: She was watching baseball games on TV at 9:00 last night.(2)當(dāng)過去有一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生(過去式)，同時(shí) 又有另一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生(過去進(jìn)行式)。Ex: W

9、hen I watched TV, my father was driving home.肆、動(dòng)詞時(shí)式4、過去進(jìn)行式使用時(shí)機(jī)肆、動(dòng)詞時(shí)式5、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行式使用時(shí)機(jī) (1)強(qiáng)調(diào)當(dāng)下有一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行*(2)當(dāng)動(dòng)作是來去動(dòng)詞(e.return.fly)可使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行式表示未來式。Ex: You are writing English now.Ex: She is flying to America.肆、動(dòng)詞時(shí)式5、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行式使用時(shí)機(jī)肆、動(dòng)詞時(shí)式6、未來進(jìn)行式(1)未來某一個(gè)特定時(shí)間，將有一個(gè)動(dòng)作正 在進(jìn)行。Ex: She will be watching TV at 9:00 tomorrow eve

10、ning.肆、動(dòng)詞時(shí)式6、未來進(jìn)行式肆、動(dòng)詞時(shí)式7、完成式使用時(shí)機(jī)*使用完成式： (a)動(dòng)作起始 *動(dòng)作是發(fā)生在一段期間內(nèi) (b)動(dòng)作結(jié)束或持續(xù)(1)過去完成式 (a)動(dòng)作開始在過去某一個(gè)時(shí)間 (b)動(dòng)作的結(jié)束也是在過去Ex: We had studied English for six years last year.肆、動(dòng)詞時(shí)式7、完成式使用時(shí)機(jī)肆、動(dòng)詞時(shí)式(2)現(xiàn)在完成式使用時(shí)機(jī) (a)動(dòng)作的開始是過去某一時(shí)間 (b)動(dòng)作的結(jié)束是現(xiàn)在，或者描述到目前該 動(dòng)作的發(fā)生。Ex: She has finished (doing) her homework.Ex: She has been to

11、Taipei for several times.肆、動(dòng)詞時(shí)式(2)現(xiàn)在完成式使用時(shí)機(jī)肆、動(dòng)詞時(shí)式(3)未來完成式使用時(shí)機(jī) (a)動(dòng)作的開始(過去/現(xiàn)在) (b)動(dòng)作的結(jié)束或持續(xù)至未來Ex: We will have learned English for seven years next year.肆、動(dòng)詞時(shí)式(3)未來完成式使用時(shí)機(jī)肆、動(dòng)詞時(shí)式8、完成進(jìn)行式使用時(shí)機(jī)(1)過去完成進(jìn)行式 (a)動(dòng)作開始於過去 *強(qiáng)調(diào)期間內(nèi)，動(dòng)作持續(xù)性 (b)動(dòng)作結(jié)束於過去Ex: She had been sleeping for more than 24 hours since the day before

12、 yesterday until yesterday evening.肆、動(dòng)詞時(shí)式8、完成進(jìn)行式使用時(shí)機(jī)肆、動(dòng)詞時(shí)式(2)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行式 (a)動(dòng)作的開始是在過去 *強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的持續(xù)性 (b)動(dòng)作的結(jié)束是現(xiàn)在，或者描述到目前為止 動(dòng)作發(fā)生的狀態(tài) Ex: She has been riding her bike to school for one year.肆、動(dòng)詞時(shí)式(2)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行式肆、動(dòng)詞時(shí)式(3)未來完成進(jìn)行式 (a)動(dòng)作的開始(現(xiàn)在/過去) *強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性 (b)動(dòng)作的結(jié)束或持續(xù)至未來Ex: She has been going to school by school bus

13、for more than two years.Ex: She will have been going to school by school bus for more than two years next year.肆、動(dòng)詞時(shí)式(3)未來完成進(jìn)行式肆、動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)意義：說話者說話的態(tài)度或探討句子中主 詞和動(dòng)詞的關(guān)係。種類：(1)主詞可以控制動(dòng)詞的發(fā)生主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(2)主詞不可以控制動(dòng)詞的發(fā)生被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞表示：V=be+pp肆、動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)意義：說話者說話的態(tài)度或探討句子中主肆、動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)合 (V變化)一、簡(jiǎn)單式被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：Be+pp過去Was +pp.Were +pp.The c

14、ar was driven by him現(xiàn)在IsAm +pp.AreEnglish is taught by Mr. Goan未來Will be +pp.The bike will be ridden by John tomorrow.肆、動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)合 (V變化)過去Was 肆、動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)二、進(jìn)行式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：Be+being+pp過去was been +ppwere been +ppThe TV was being watched at 9:00 last night.現(xiàn)在IsAm been +ppAreEnglish is being taught by Mr. Goan now

15、.未來Will be been+pp The music will be being listened to at 8:00 tomorrow morning.肆、動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)二、進(jìn)行式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：Be+being+pp過肆、動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)三、完成式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：have+been+pp過去had been +ppThat book had been written for three years until last year.現(xiàn)在has been +pphave been +ppThe computer has been used by me for two years.未來Will have bee

16、n+pp That book will have been written for five years next year.肆、動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)三、完成式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：have+been+pp肆、動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)四、完成進(jìn)行式被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： have+been+ being+pp 過去had been being+ppThe car has been being used by me for more than ten years.現(xiàn)在has been being+pphave been being+pp未來Will have been being+pp 肆、動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)四、完成進(jìn)行式被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： have+been+

17、肆、動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)氣意義：說話者說話時(shí)的口氣種類：(1)直說語(yǔ)氣 肯定/否定(2)疑問語(yǔ)氣 肯定/否定(3)詢問語(yǔ)氣 肯定/否定(4)祈使語(yǔ)氣 肯定/否定/強(qiáng)調(diào)(5)感嘆語(yǔ)氣 肯定/否定(6)假設(shè)語(yǔ)氣 肯定/否定肆、動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)氣意義：說話者說話時(shí)的口氣肆、動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)氣感嘆語(yǔ)氣意義：說話者對(duì)某人事物表達(dá)讚美、讚嘆 的口氣。種類：視感嘆詞的類型而定 (1)以How為首的感嘆句 (2)以What為首的感嘆句肆、動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)氣感嘆語(yǔ)氣肆、動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)氣感嘆句的寫法*利用肯定直述句的修改*肯定直述句中必須有修飾語(yǔ)修正的步驟1、先決定使用What +adj.+N還是How(讚嘆形容詞為主)2、將How +adj. /adv.或Wha

18、t+adj+n置為句首3、句尾加“!”Ex: He is handsome. (肯定句)How handsome he is! Ex: He is a handsome student. (肯定句)What a handsome student he is! 肆、動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)氣感嘆句的寫法肆、動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)氣假設(shè)語(yǔ)氣意義：說話者以假設(shè)性口吻表達(dá)種類： (1)與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè) (2)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè) (3)與未來事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)(未來不太可能發(fā)生) (4)未來可能發(fā)生的假設(shè)(並非真正假設(shè))肆、動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)氣假設(shè)語(yǔ)氣肆、動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)氣假設(shè)語(yǔ)氣的基本觀念1、句子 vs.子句句子：具有一定結(jié)構(gòu)(句型)且能單獨(dú)表達(dá)完整的

19、意思。子句：具有一定結(jié)構(gòu)(句型)但不能單獨(dú)表達(dá)完整 的意思，必須依附另一個(gè)句子中，所以子 句又稱從屬子句，或附屬子句。Ex: That he is a teacher is true. = It is true that he is a teacher.肆、動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)氣假設(shè)語(yǔ)氣的基本觀念肆、動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)氣2、依句子結(jié)構(gòu)複雜度區(qū)分句子類型 (1)簡(jiǎn)單句：句子僅有一個(gè) Ex: She drives the car fast. (2)合句：利用對(duì)等連接詞連接兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句 Ex: She drives the car fast, so she can come here earlier. 肆、動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)氣2、依句子結(jié)

20、構(gòu)複雜度區(qū)分句子類型肆、動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)氣 (3)複句：利用從屬連接詞引導(dǎo)的子句，結(jié)合一 個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句 Ex: Because she drives the car fast, she can come here earlier. = She can come here earlier because she drives the car fast. (4)混合句：兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句與子句或兩個(gè)子句結(jié)合 一個(gè)句子 Ex: She drives the car which she bought last year fast, so she can com here earlier.肆、動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)氣 (3)複句：利用從屬連

21、接詞引導(dǎo)的子句，結(jié)肆、動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)氣3、句子+子句 = 子句，+句子各類假設(shè)語(yǔ)氣的寫法：(1)假設(shè)法的變化僅只於句中動(dòng)詞部分有關(guān)(2)假設(shè)法的句子結(jié)構(gòu)皆為複句(子句，+句子)肆、動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)氣3、句子+子句 = 子句，+句子肆、動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)氣一、與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)(子句+句子)句型：If 主詞+動(dòng)詞1,主詞+動(dòng)詞2動(dòng)詞1：had + pp動(dòng)詞2：should/could/would/might + have +ppEx: If I had studied medicine, I would have been a doctor before.Ex: If I had studied hard, I shoul

22、d have studied in Taiwan Technology University.肆、動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)氣一、與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)(子句+句子)肆、動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)氣二、與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)(子句+句子)句型：If 主詞+動(dòng)詞1,主詞+動(dòng)詞2動(dòng)詞1：若使用be，一律用were 若使用非be，一律用過去式動(dòng)詞2：should/could/would/might + 原型動(dòng)詞Ex: If I were you, I would study English hard.Ex: If I were a bird, I would fly to America. Because I am not a bird, I

23、 wont fly to America.I am not a bird, so I cant fly to America.(直說法)肆、動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)氣二、與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)(子句+句子)肆、動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)氣三、與未來事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)(不太可能發(fā)生)句型：If 主詞+動(dòng)詞1,主詞+動(dòng)詞2動(dòng)詞1：were to+Vr should/could/would/might + 原型動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞2：should/could/would/might + 原型動(dòng)詞Ex: If there were to be a serious typhoon tomorrow, we wouldnt come to school.Ex:

24、 If we might go to Japan next year, we should have much money.*假設(shè)是肯定，直說法是否定。肆、動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)氣三、與未來事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)(不太可能發(fā)生)肆、動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)氣四、與未來可能發(fā)生的假設(shè)句型：If 主詞+動(dòng)詞1,主詞+動(dòng)詞2動(dòng)詞1：現(xiàn)在式(以現(xiàn)在式代替未來式)動(dòng)詞2：shall/can/will/may + 原型動(dòng)詞Ex: If it rains tomorrow, I wont go to the movies.Ex: If I pass the graduate entrance exam next year, I will go to graduate school to major in languages.肆、動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)氣四、與未來可能發(fā)生的假設(shè)肆、動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)氣與假設(shè)語(yǔ)氣動(dòng)詞有關(guān)的用法1、should (應(yīng)該) shall的過去式句型： S+ should + have+ pp過去應(yīng)該，但 S+ should + Vr現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該，但 Ex: He should be here.肆、動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)氣與假設(shè)語(yǔ)氣動(dòng)詞有關(guān)的用法肆、動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)氣2、might (可能) may的過去式句型