句子成分和結(jié)構(gòu)

1、句子成分和結(jié)構(gòu)第一頁，共19頁。查詞典學(xué)單詞，要看懂什么？1) 掌握單詞詞性動詞代詞名詞形容詞副詞介詞連詞n.n.adj.adv.prep.conj.he, I, it等him, me, it等主格賓格2) 看例句掌握單詞在句中位置I like him.He is fond of it.Cn. (pl.指常用復(fù)數(shù))Un.Many boys leave.He spends much money.The little boy is good at math.Luckily, I often walk quietly.注意固定搭配vt.vi. (+介詞+sb./sth.)I see him

2、.I look at him.注意8大主要時態(tài)At night, I listen to songs with Tom who is gifted for music.注意固定搭配He cried because he was sad and hungry.注意固定搭配主要看數(shù)詞/冠詞外的7大詞性第二頁，共19頁。 1) I see him. 2) I look at him. 3) I like him. 4) He is fond of it. 5) Many boys leave. 6) He spends much money. 7) The little boy is good at

3、 math.8) Luckily, I often walk quietly. 9) At night, I listen to songs with Tom who is gifted for music. 10) He cried because he was sad and hungry. 動詞存在于幾乎所有句型里！以動詞為中心展開，找規(guī)律！動詞在句中的這個位置被稱為“_”謂語位置被稱為謂語前的這個主語謂語后的這個位置被稱為賓語簡單句5大結(jié)構(gòu)之一：之二：主語 + 謂語主語 + 謂語 + 賓語謂語肯定是動詞，那主語通常是什么詞性的詞/詞組？賓語通常是什么詞性的詞/詞組？【注意時態(tài)和語態(tài)】第

4、三頁，共19頁。謂語肯定是動詞，那么主語通常是什么詞性的詞/詞組？Some robots can dance.He runs slowly. Eight is a lucky number.Doing sports is healthy. To climb buildings is dangerous. When we will go climbing is under discussion. can danceisisruns iswill go謂語肯定是動詞，那么賓語通常是什么詞性的詞/詞組？She plays the piano.He teaches me. One and two eq

5、uals three.I enjoy running. He wanted to run. I think that he is in the classroom.playsteachesequalsenjoywantedthinkiswe名詞代詞數(shù)詞動詞ing短語to+動詞短語連詞+句子名詞代詞數(shù)詞動詞ing短語to+動詞短語連詞+句子主語和賓語這兩個位置的詞/詞組的詞性是一樣的(涉及5大詞性)：名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、動詞ing 、to+動詞原形、連詞+句子主語+謂語主語+謂語+賓語is副詞算什么成分呢?形容詞算什么成分呢?介詞短語算什么成分呢?第四頁，共19頁。He became a scie

6、ntist.The watch is his.One and two is three.We are at home. The idea sounds good. He keeps crying. His task is to clean the window. That is because the job is boring.觀察以下句子中，謂語動詞后的詞/詞組的詞性becameisisaresoundskeepsisisis名詞代詞數(shù)詞動詞ing短語to+動詞短語連詞+句子介詞短語形容詞8大詞性賓語只有5大詞性，為什么這里有8大詞性呢？因為這種謂語是“_”：系動詞be 動詞 持續(xù)類:“看

7、起來像”感官類:變化類:持續(xù)類: keep, remain, stay“看起來像” seem，appear感官類: look, smell, taste, sound, feel變化類: become, grow, get, go, turn, fall簡單句5大結(jié)構(gòu)之三：主語 + 系動詞 + 表語區(qū)別于賓語的5大詞性，系動詞后這個位置被稱為“表語”第五頁，共19頁。Mr. Li teaches us history.My father tells us a story.He gave Mary a red pen.I lend him many books. She bought me a

8、bike.He made his wife a kite.觀察以下句式中，謂語后的賓語，找出簡單句5大結(jié)構(gòu)之四：tellsboughtteacheslendgavemadeus historyus a storyMary a red penhim many booksme a bikehis wife a kite主語+ + +謂語指人的名詞/代詞物體名詞間接賓語(人) 直接賓語(物) 表達(dá)物體的來去或交換的動詞=My father tells a story to us.=He gave a red pen to Mary.=I lend many books to him. =She bo

9、ught a bike for me.=He made a kite for his wife.tellstogavetotolendboughtmadeforfor雙賓語“主謂雙賓”結(jié)構(gòu)換寫成：主語+ + + +謂語直接賓語(物) 間接賓語(人) to(給)for(為)第六頁，共19頁。His father named him Jack. Jack painted the wall white. We found everything in good order. The teacher asks Tony to sit down.We saw her entering the room.W

10、e saw a horse tied to the tree. 主語+ + +謂語名詞/代詞namedpaintedfoundaskssawsawhim Jackthe wall whiteeverything in good orderTony to sit downher entering the rooma horse tied to the tree名詞動詞ing短語to+動詞短語介詞短語形容詞動詞ed短語說明物體情況的詞賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語觀察以下句式中，謂語后的賓語，找出簡單句5大結(jié)構(gòu)之五：第七頁，共19頁。1) Birds fly.2) They like singing.3) Tom

11、 gives them food.4) We hear them talking.5) We are students.Birds fly.They like singing.Tom gives them food. We hear them talking. We are students.簡單句的5大結(jié)構(gòu)_語_詞動謂主語謂語間接賓語(人)直接賓語(物)主語謂語主語謂語賓語主語系動詞表語名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、動詞ing 、to+動詞原形、連詞+句子名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、介詞短語動詞ing 、to+動詞原形、連詞+句子be動詞持續(xù)類: keep, remain, stay“看起來像” seem

12、, appear感官類: look, smell, taste, sound, feel變化類: become, grow, get, go, turn, fall主語謂語賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語【思考】如果動詞不在謂語這個位置，有什么特點？第八頁，共19頁。Doing sports is healthy. To climb buildings is dangerous.I enjoy running. He wanted to run. He keeps crying. His task is to clean the window. The teacher asks Tony to sit down

13、.We saw her entering the room.We saw a horse tied to the tree.以謂語動詞為中心展開，觀察處于非謂語位置時，動詞的特點isisenjoywantedkeepsisaskssawsawDoing sportsTo climb buildingsrunningto runcryingto cleanto sit downenteringtied不在謂語這個位置，而在_語這個位置的動詞不在謂語這個位置，而在_語這個位置的動詞不在謂語這個位置，而在_語這個位置的動詞不在謂語這個位置，而在_語這個位置的動詞賓語補(bǔ)足非謂語動詞的形式：動詞ingt

14、o+動詞動詞過去分詞第九頁，共19頁。主語謂語賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語簡單句的5大結(jié)構(gòu)主語謂語間接賓語(人)直接賓語(物)主語謂語主語謂語賓語主語系動詞表語簡單句與簡單句之間通常是_號、_號、_號或分號（；）句感嘆問Yesterday was Tuesday. We fished all day; we didnt catch anything. What a pity! Why?英語中的逗號呢？第十頁，共19頁。= Tom won the first place in the contest and it made his parents proud.= Tom won the first place

15、 in the contest, which made his parents proud.= Tom won the first place in the contest, making his parents proud.除了用標(biāo)點符號體現(xiàn)簡單句，可以用以下方式：加連詞（and / but / so）變從句使用非謂語動詞并列句主從復(fù)合句Tom won the first place in the contest. It made his parents proud.第十一頁，共19頁。句子成分主語、謂語、賓語、表語、賓補(bǔ)定語、狀語這兩種成分的位置比較靈活，要靠作用來判斷那些句子里，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)

16、的位置：第十二頁，共19頁。這是我的朋友。這是來自美國的學(xué)生。我的來自美國的對比兩組句子的中英文“語序”（即單詞排列順序）：【觀察和發(fā)現(xiàn)】中英文中，定語的異同：加上修飾成分（尤其后置定語或狀語）后，中文與英文句子之間的語序就會發(fā)生_。變化都用于修飾名詞中英文定語的共同特點：結(jié)論1：【中文定語】放在名詞前； 字眼為“的”+名詞結(jié)論2：【英文定語】有2種情況：放在名詞前(前置定語)放在名詞后(后置定語)This is my friend. This is a student from America.my from America第十三頁，共19頁。really beautiful things

17、boiled rice a swimming pool a swimming fish單個形容詞單個動詞過去分詞單個動詞ing形容詞+名詞動詞過去分詞、動詞ing形容詞副詞可以修飾形容詞+名詞1）用于修飾名詞定語：2）中文里為“的*”真正美麗的東西 煮熟了的飯 游泳池一條游動的魚真正美麗的東西 煮熟了的飯 游泳池一條游動的魚really beautiful things boiled rice a swimming pool a swimming fish單個形容詞放在名詞前【對比和總結(jié)】英文里，前置定語的條件：第十四頁，共19頁。 桌子上的書 有畫的書 我們喜歡的書 站在樹下的男孩被Tom表

18、揚的男孩 一些吃的東西the book on the deskthe book with picturesthe book that/which has picturesthe book that/which we likethe boy who/that stands under the treethe boy standing under the treethe boy who/that are praised by Tomthe boy praised by Tomsomething to eat定語： 桌子上的書 有畫的書 我們喜歡的書 站在樹下的男孩被Tom表揚的男孩 一些吃的東西t

19、he book on the deskthe book with picturesthe book that/which has picturesthe book that/which we likethe boy who/that stands under the treethe boy standing under the treethe boy who/that are praised by Tomthe boy praised by Tomsomething to eat表位置“的”含動詞短語“的”名詞+名詞介詞短語定語從句(主謂要完整)非謂語動詞短語短語或句子放在名詞后面【對比和總結(jié)

20、】英文里，后置定語的條件：1）用于修飾名詞2）中文里為“的*”第十五頁，共19頁。表示_、_、_、_、_、_、_、_、_和_的詞/詞組叫做狀語。1) The meeting will be held in the meeting room tomorrow.（表示_、_）2) He studies hard to learn English well.(表示_ 、_)3) He goes to school by bike.（表示_ ）4) She entered the room, holding a book.（表示_ ）5) Moved by the story, they cried.

21、（表示_ ）6) I like some of you very much. You are very kind. He runs very fast. （表示_ ）時間地點目的方式程度原因結(jié)果條件伴隨讓步地點時間方式目的方式伴隨原因程度通常由副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、從句構(gòu)成，常位于句末或句首。修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞、或句子。什么是狀語？第十六頁，共19頁。在句子充當(dāng)狀語的從句稱為_從句，可放在主句_面或_面，但是若放在主句前面，要用_與主句分開。7) When you leave, please close all the windows. (表示_)8) He di

22、dnt go to school yesterday because he was ill. (表示_)9) He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam. (表示_)10) If you study hard, you will pass the exam.(表示_)11) Though he is young, he can do it well. (表示_)什么是狀語？時間原因結(jié)果條件讓步表示_、_、_、_、_、_、_、_、_和_的詞/詞組叫做狀語。時間地點目的方式程度原因結(jié)果條件伴隨讓步狀語前后逗號第十七頁，共19頁。To my surprise, everything went on well.We should try to get good results by studying hard.Instead of giving us answers immediately, he encourages us to think by ourselves.With the network becoming more and more popular, people prefer