初中語法專題7介詞專題

1、介詞介詞是一種用來表示詞語詞之間、詞與句之間的關(guān)系的詞，在句中不能單獨 做句子成分。介詞分為簡單介詞和短語介詞兩種。簡單介詞即單個介詞，如in， under，on，for，after等；短語介詞指多個單詞構(gòu)成的介詞，如in front of，instead of，far from等。介詞短語與短語介詞不同。介詞短語指由“介詞+名詞/代詞等” 構(gòu)成的短語，如at school，by bus，on Sunday等，在句中可以作定語、狀語、表 語、賓語補足語等。有些單詞，既可以作介詞，也可以作連詞（作連詞時，其后 接句子），如after，before等；而有些單詞，既可以作介詞，也可以作副詞，如 a

2、bove， below 等。介詞是中考試卷中的“?？汀保瑥臅r間上看，年年都要考；從地點上看，每 個地區(qū)都要考?？疾榻樵~的主要題目有：單項填空、完形填空、短文填空及句子 翻譯等。一、對時間介詞的考查介詞用法例句/常用短語at表示在某個時刻或是瞬間用在節(jié)假日前表示“在期間”用于某些固定搭配I usually get up at half past six.Bill got a lot of presents at Christmas. at noon; at night; at midnighton表示在具體的某一天或具體到某 一天的早晨、上下午或晚上等I like visiting friend

3、s on Sundays.The accident happened on a rainy evening.in用于月份、季節(jié)、年、年代、 世紀(jì)等泛指一天的上午、下午、晚上“in+時間段”，表示“在 之后”，常用于一般將來時態(tài)in January; in summer; in the 1990s in the morning / afternoon / evening She says that her mother will be back (兩個小時后).during在期間during the summer holidaysbefore在之前He will be back before s

4、uppertime.after“after+具體時刻”，表示“在 之后” after+時間段”不與將來時連 用。after three o,clock / lunch / AugustHe will arrive(after / in) an hour.since后接時間點或過去時的句子，表示He has taught English since 2001.“自從以來”I haven,t seen him since he left last time.for后接時間段，表示“持續(xù) 段時間”He has lived here for eight years.till / until表示持續(xù)到某

5、個時候not .until.意為 直到才”It may last till / until next Friday.We can,t get off the bus until it stops.fromfrom to 后、為從到”We go to school from Monday to Friday.by表示在之前”、“不遲 于“表示“到為止”You must be here by ten oclock tomorrow.by the end of last year / next year; by now【例題】I was born December 17. This year I,l

6、l hold a birthday party for it athome.A. onB. atC. inD. by一Do you know Victory Day in China?一Yes, it,s September 3rd each year. It tells the world thatChinese peoplelove peace and hate wars. Chinese people will never forget the history.A. in; onB. on; /C. at; /D. on; inFor many Western people, they

7、drink cold water even winter. TOC o 1-5 h z A. onB. forC. atD. inThe charity walk begins 9:00. Don,t be late. No problem.A. atB.byC. inD. onThe Dragon Boat Festival this year will come four days.A. afterB.forC. duringD. in（短文填空）After walking around sometime,she came to a river.（首字母填空）He has been awa

8、y from home s two days ago.（句子填空）The Highland Museum is opened every day Monday.二、對地點、方位介詞的考查X介詞圖示意義例句11 in在 之內(nèi)The students are reading in the classroom.學(xué)生們在教室里讀書。22 on在上面The boat is on the river.那條船在河上。3beneath在下面 （緊貼著表面）The sun is now beneath the horizon. 太陽此刻落到地平線下了。44 over在（正） 上方There are severa

9、l bridges over the river.河上有好幾座橋。55 . under在（正） 下方The boat sailed under the bridge. 船在橋下行駛。66h above在上方The plane flew above the clouds. 飛機在云上飛行。77ibelow在下方The sun sinks below the horizon. 太陽沉沒在地平線下。8By / beside在旁邊Tom is sitting by / beside the window. 湯姆坐在窗戶的旁邊。99 near在附近I don,t need a car because I

10、 live near the city centre.我不需要汽車，因為 我住在靠近市中心。101 next to緊挨My best friend sits next to me in class. 上課時我最好的朋友坐在我的旁邊。11behind在后面Olive hid behind a tree.奧列弗藏在一棵樹后面。121 , 一 outside在外面He parked his car outside the theater. 他把汽車停在劇場外面。131 to至U去We walked to the fruit shop. 我們步行到水果店。14fromv從來We traveled to

11、 London fromEdinburgh.我們從愛丁堡旅行到倫敦。15(a)round圍繞We all sat around the table. 我們都圍繞著桌子坐。161 between在之間（指二者）The letter B is between A and C.字母B在A和C之間。171 among在之間（指三者或 三者以上）The house stands among the trees. 房子在樹叢中。181across橫過、越過（從表面跨過）If the road is busy, don,t walk across it.如果道路擁擠，就不要橫穿馬路。19through穿過（

12、從內(nèi)部穿過）We drove through the tunnel. 我們開車穿過了隧道。202，人 past / by從旁邊經(jīng)過/路過I went past / by a bakery on my way home.我在回家的路上經(jīng)過了一家面包店。212 onto至U上The men lift the baskets onto the trucks.人們把籃子運上卡車。22into到里They put the apples into the baskets. 他們把蘋果放進(jìn)籃子里。232 , out of從出來Don,t look out of the window in class. 上課

13、時不要朝窗外看。242 along沿著Walk along this street, then turn left, you can see the post office.沿著這條街走，然后向右拐，你就可 以看至郵局。at, in, on表示地點的用法：at表地點時，指空間位置上的某一點，后面常 接小地方。如：at the bus stop；in表地點時，指在某一立體空間范圍內(nèi)，后面 接大地方。如：in shanghai；on表地點時，指某物與另一物表面相接觸，或與 某地方接壤等。如：on the table等。in, on, to表示方位的用法：范圍之內(nèi)用in；相鄰、接壤用on；不相鄰 或

14、隔海相望用to?！纠}】I like the weather in Kunming. It,s warm all year long.Yes. And the temperature stays zero all the time.A. atB. belowC. aroundD. aboveIn cold winter, the temperature in Harbin often remains zero all day.A. aboveB. belowC. overD. underThe bank is the bookstore and the post office.A. at th

15、e front ofD. amongC. betweenD. inYou must be careful when you swim the lake.A. acrossB. belowC. overD. throughExcuse me, where is the bookstore?一Go the bridge. You,ll see it on your left.A. onB. crossC. acrossD. throughHeilongjiang Province is the northeast of China.A. toB. inC.onD. atCambridge is a

16、 small city the east of England.A. betweenB. withC.inD. underJim sits behind me, so I sit him.A. at the top ofB. at theend ofC. in themiddle ofD. in frontof三、對手段、方法介詞的考查介詞用法例句/常用短語byby+交通工具：“乘坐交通工具”by doing sth.:通過某種方式”He goes to school by bus every day.I learn English by listening to the radio.inin

17、+語言類名詞：“用某種語言” in+工具：“用某種工具或材料”Can you say it in English?Don,t write it in pencil. Write it in ink.withwith+工具：“用某種工具或材料” with the help of：在的幫助下”I often do my homework with a pen.With the help of him, I won the match.on通過某個設(shè)備He listens to music on the radio.【例題】Ma Yun, the Chairperson of Alibaba Gro

18、up, has made much money the Internet.A. throughB. alongC. acrossD. towardsMore and more people in Shanghai choose to go to work underground.A. inB. withC. byD. forGina, what,s this English?A. byB. forC. inD. withWe can save money cooking our own meals instead of eating outside.A. byB. toC. forD. wit

19、h四、對其他常用介詞的考查介詞用法例句/常用短語about大約“關(guān)于”，只表示“和有關(guān)”There are about 60 pupils in my class.I want to tell you a story about animals.on“關(guān)于”，多表示內(nèi)容具有專門性， 是嚴(yán)肅的和學(xué)術(shù)性的It,s a book on animals.這是一本論及動 物的書。（學(xué)術(shù)專著）like“像一樣”He talked to me like his father.as“作為；以的身份”，后跟表 示職業(yè)、職務(wù)的名詞As a volunteer, I must try my best to help

20、 you with your problems.except“除之外”，指從整體中除去 一部分We are all here except Li Ming.（李明不在這兒）besides“除之外還有（包括在內(nèi)）”We are all here besides Li Ming.（李明在這兒）with表示伴隨，意為“和一起”I went to plant trees with my friends.without表示“沒有”，常作狀語He left without saying a word.for表示目的，意為“為了”表示原因、理由He came here for a cup of tea.Sa

21、nya is famous for “Tianya Haijiao”.towards“朝方向”A dog is running towards me.off“離開，脫離”Keep off the grass.勿踏草地。against靠著；反對He is sleeping soundly against a tree.instead of，代替，I went swimming instead of watching TV.because of“因為。，表示原因I didn,t go out because of the bad weather.【例題】Do you remember what s

22、he looked like when you first met her?Of course. She was tall and thin long hair.A. inB. withC. onD. forJack had to stop working though it was his own wishes.A. onB. forC. againstD. byWild animals are our friends. We shouldn,t kill them food or clothing.A. inB. withC. aboutD. forIt is great us to ge

23、t so many favourite books on International Children,s Book Day.A. toB. withC. ofD. forHe looked at me and,a word, smiled.A. inB. withC. withoutD. forAll of us went to the park Bob. He had to look after his sister.A. besidesB. withC. exceptD. besides五、對介詞短語的考查搭配介詞固定搭配atat night / noon; at once; at fi

24、rst / last; at home / school / work與afterafter school / class; after breakfast / lunch / supper; after all名byby the way; by the lake / river; by now; by chance / accident詞inin class; in time; in town; in the future; in fact; in a car / taxi的onon time; on duty; on business; on foot; on a train / ship

25、 /搭forfor example; for a while; for sure; for fun; the idea /酉己tothe answer to / the way to / the key to withhave problem / trouble / difficulty / fun with / make與aboutworry about; talk about; think about; learn / know about動atlook at; laugh at; shout at; point at; knock at; arrive at; call at詞 的 搭

26、酉己forlook for; ask for; wait for; stand for; leave for; send for sb.fromhear from sb.; learn from sb.; come from; be made fromondepend on; get on; call on sb.; (put on; try on; turn on)offget off; fall off; show off; (take off; see sb. off)tobelong to; listen to; get to; write to; help oneself to; s

27、ay hellowithbegin with; talk / chat with sb.; agree with sb.; get on / along與 形 容 詞 的 搭 酉己aboutbe sure about; be sorry aboutatbe mad at; be good / bad at; be surprised at; be talented atofbe afraid / scared of; be sure / proud / fond / jealous / full ofwithbe busy / strict / angry / popular / satisf

28、ied / covered / filledinbe interested in; be different in size; be strict in sth.forbe famous for; be late for; be ready for; be good / bad fortobe polite / rude / cruel to sb.; be good / friendly / kind / badfrombe away from; be different from; be. away from【例題】My mother says my friend is similar m

29、e, but I think she is differentme.A. as; fromB. to; fromC. to; toD. as; toThis photo reminded the old man the days when he was young.A. withB. forC. byD. ofThey hope it can protect them terrible air.A. inB. fromC. forD. atWhen the king saw that she as playing his old harp, he was filled joy.A. inB.

30、ofC. byD. withThis kind of dress is this year, and I really want to get oneA. in danger B. in troubleC. in styleD. in timeMr. Yang,s daughter is pretty good drawing pictures and won manyprizes.A. withB. forC. inD. atShen Xue and Zhao Hongbo won the gold medal for China so we,re proud them.A. inB. on

31、C. ofD. forI learn my teacher and my classmates at the corner.A. toB. atC. forD. fromCompared some unhappy people, those who are always pleased andrelaxed are less likely to suffer colds.A. atB. withC. inD. of附：介詞的省略省略情況示例表示時間的短語中介詞 的省略。(in) this morning / afternoon / evening; (on) the next day;(in)

32、 next week / month / year; (in) last night / week / year; (on) the day before yesterday; (in) the year before last;(on) tomorrow morning; (on) every / some / one / all day 在肯定句中表示一段時 間的for?？墒÷?。I have been waiting for you (for) a whole afternoon. He has studied English (for) five years.在“of+大小、形狀、年 齡

33、”等結(jié)構(gòu)中，of常省 略。When I was (of) your age, I knew much less than you.The desks in our class are (of) the same colour, material, shape, height and length.在 here，there，home 等 副詞前。come (to) here; go (to) there; go (to) home某些習(xí)語中的省略。be busy (in) doing sth.忙于做某事(in) this / that way以這種/那種方法stop / prevent sb.

34、(from) doing sth.阻止某人做某事 spend.in) doing sth.在做某事上花費have trouble (in) doing sth.在做某事中遇到麻煩 help sb. (to) do sth.幫助某人做某事三、即時訓(xùn)練This food is free. You dont have to it.A. look forB. pay forC. ask forD. wait forYou see, Kevin is writing his left hand.A. atB. asC. forD. withage 7, Bruce won second prize in the piano competition.A. InB. AtC. OnD. ForWe can be thankful every day, not just Thanksgiving Day.A. inB. onC. toD. byThis school is different others. It has many out-of-class activities.A. offB. fromC. ofD. for