新課程中考復習指導英語 第一部分 語法專題復習 第10節(jié) 句子種類

1、英語新課程XIN KECHENG中考復習指導-ZHONGKAO FUXI ZHIDAO- 第一部分語法專題復習第十節(jié) 句子種類題型解讀近五年廣東省英語中考句子種類考查情況命題情況年份考查項目分值感嘆句祈使句陳述句疑問句what引導how引導2020語法選擇：how high12019單項填空：how smart12018近五年廣東省英語中考句子種類考查情況命題情況年份考查項目分值感嘆句祈使句陳述句疑問句what引導how引導2017單項填空：what an12016單項填空：what a單項填空：dont2近五年廣東省英語中考句子種類考查情況考情分析 通過對廣東近五年中考情況分析可知，感嘆句是

2、考試熱點，通常出現(xiàn)在單項選擇中。2021年中考備考要重點掌握感嘆句，其他句子種類也要適當了解?！緩V東省20162020年真題試練】【廣東省20162020年真題試練】( )1.(2020廣東)“Wow!” she cried proudly.“ _ high my butterfly flies!” A.What B.What a C.What an D.How( )2.(2019廣東) _ smart the driverless car is! I really want to have one. A.What B.What a C.What an D.How( )3.(2019廣東)Th

3、e weather report says we will expect a sunny day tomorrow _ .I am going to go climbing with my classmates. A.Bad luck B.I hope so C.Sounds terrible D.Im afraid soDDB【廣東省20162020年真題試練】( )4.(2018廣東)Would you mind my turning up the TV？ The New Year concert has just begun _ . Just go ahead A.Please dont

4、 B.Better not C.Im afraid not D.Of course not( )5.(2017廣東)Aamir Khan played the part of a great father in the movie The Tale of Fatherly Love _ excellent actor he is! A.What B.What a C.What an D.HowDC【廣東省20162020年真題試練】( )6.(2017廣東)Is there any outdoor learning in your school？ _. We learn outdoors on

5、ce or twice every month A.Yes, there is B.No, there isnt C.Yes, it is D.No, it isnt( )7.(2017廣東)Would you please come to the dancing party with me tonight？ _ . I suppose we shall have a wonderful night! A.Never mind B.Have a good time C.Not exactly D.With pleasure( )8.(2016廣東)It is reported that can

6、cer can be controlled at a temperature lower than 100 below zero. Really？_ nice surprise! A.How B.What C.What a D.What anADC【廣東省20162020年真題試練】( )9.(2016廣東)Tommy, _ play basketball in the street next time. You may get hit by a car. A.do B.dont C.must D.mustnt( )10.(2016廣東) _! Something is falling dow

7、n from the tall building Dear me! Its too dangerous. A.Look out B.Help yourself C.What a pity D.Shut upBA考點解讀 句子能表達一個比較完整、獨立的意思，有一定的語法結構。書寫時句末要用標點符號，句首的第一個字母必須大寫。句子按用途來分可以分為四類：陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。句子按結構來分可以分為三類：簡單句、并列復合句和主從復合句。陳述句的構成形式及基本用法1.陳述句。 陳述句是用來陳述一個事實或表達說話人看法(包括肯定和否定)的句子。通常用降調，句末用句號“.”。eg: Tom ha

8、s a new car. The flower isnt beautiful.2.陳述句否定式的構成。 (1)如果肯定陳述句的謂語部分含有助動詞、情態(tài)動詞或連系動詞be，則只需在這些動詞后加not即可構成否定式。eg: He is playing the guitar.(肯定) He is not playing the guitar.(否定) We can get there before dark.(肯定) We cant get thee before dark.(否定) 陳述句的構成形式及基本用法 (2)如果陳述句的謂語動詞是實義動詞，而其中又沒有情態(tài)動詞或助動詞時，則需根據(jù)人稱和時態(tài)

9、在該實義動詞前加dont、 doesnt或didnt，同時把該實義動詞變?yōu)樵?。eg: He plays the violin well.(肯定) He doesnt play the violin well.(否定) She won the game.(肯定) She didnt win the game.(否定) (3)如果句子是there be結構或謂語動詞是have(有)，除了be和have之后加not之外，句中如果有some要變?yōu)閍ny。eg: There is some water in the cup.There is not any water in the cup He ha

10、s some books.He has not any books 陳述句的構成形式及基本用法 (4)除not以外，否定詞no、 never、 nothing、 nobody、 few等也可構成否定句。eg: There is something wrong with his bike. There is nothing wrong with his bike I have seen the film.I have never seen the film 備注：陳述句貫穿分布于整份試卷，學生需要理解讀懂句子的意思才能精準答題，因此陳述句不單獨作為考點列出。 考點1 感嘆句考點1 感嘆句 感嘆句

11、是表示喜、怒、哀、樂及驚異等感情的句子。句末用感嘆號“!”，讀時用降調。感嘆句往往由what或how引導，what修飾名詞，how修飾形容詞、副詞或動詞。1. what引導（1） What+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+陳述句(主語+謂語)!eg. What a beautiful city it is! What an interesting story she told!（2） What+形容詞+復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+陳述句(主語+謂語)!eg. What expensive watches they are! What terrible weather it is! 考點1 感嘆句

12、2. how引導（1） How+形容詞/副詞+陳述句(主語+謂語)!eg. How cold it is! How hard he works! （2） How+陳述句(主語+謂語)!eg. How he loves his son! How I miss you!（3） How+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+陳述句(主語+謂語)!eg. How tall a tree it is! 考點1 感嘆句考點專練請根據(jù)句意用下框的選項補全句子，并把答案寫在橫線上。1. _ smart he is! 2. _ smart boy he is!3. _ fine weather it is! 4. _

13、 interesting book it is!5. _ happily the children are playing!A.What B.What a C.What an D.HowDBACD考點2 祈使句考點2 祈使句 祈使句是用來表示命令、請求、建議、號召等的句子，謂語動詞用原形，句末用感嘆號“!”或句號“.”。朗讀時一般用降調。1.肯定祈使句。(1)祈使句主語是you時，you常省略，但如果要特別強調對方或表達某種強烈的情緒時可以有主語或稱呼語。eg: Be quiet. You be quiet!(2)“do+祈使句”表示一種強烈的感情或請求，do起強調作用。eg: Do come

14、 back at once! Do be careful考點2 祈使句(3)please用在祈使句中可以表示一種客氣的語氣，但please用在句末時，必須用逗號與前面部分分開。eg: Open the window, please(4)let引導祈使句時，后面需跟上人稱代詞或稱呼語，人稱代詞一般只用第一、第三人稱。eg: Let Jack wait a minute. Lets go to school(5)在祈使句中，lets和 let us是有區(qū)別的。lets包括聽話者，而let us不包括聽話者在內。這點在反意疑問句中可明顯看出。eg: Lets go skating， shall we

15、？(表示內部的建議) Let us try again， will you？(表示向別人發(fā)出請求)考點2 祈使句2.否定祈使句通常以dont或never開頭。結構通常是：“Dont(Never)+動詞原形+其他成分” 。eg: Dont do that again! Never leave todays work for tomorrow! Dont be late next time!考點2 祈使句考點專練( )1. _ late again, Bill! A.Dont to be B.Dont be C.Not be D.Be not( )2. _ cross the road until

16、 the traffic lights turn green A.Not B.Wont C.Doesnt D.Dont( )3.Please help me carry it, _？ A.will I B.will you C.shall I D.shall weBDB考點2 祈使句考點專練( )4.Dont make so much noise, _？ A.will you B.wont you C.shall we D.do you( )5.Tom, _ play online games all the time. Your homework should be done first A

17、.doesnt B.dont C.wont D.cant( )6.Kate, _ your homework here tomorrow A.bring B.brings C.to bring D.bringingABA考點3 疑問句疑問句一般分為：一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句、反意疑問句?？键c3 疑問句1.一般疑問句。(1)一般疑問句的肯定形式。 一般疑問句一般是指以助動詞、情態(tài)動詞、be動詞或have(有)開始，通常要求以yes或no來回答的疑問句。一般疑問句讀時通常用升調。eg: Do you know Mr. Smith？ Can you swim？ 考點3 疑問句(2)一般疑問

18、句的否定結構。 在一般疑問句的否定結構中，把副詞not放在一般疑問句的主語之后。但如果用not的簡略形式-nt，則須將-nt與一般疑問句句首的be、 have、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞寫在一起。在實際運用中，一般都采用簡略式。eg: Are you not a football fan？ Arent you a football fan？ Will she not like it？ Wont she like it？考點3 疑問句 與漢語不同的是，英語一般疑問句否定結構的答語是否定還是肯定，全由答語的否定或肯定來決定。若答語是肯定的，則用yes加肯定結構；若答語是否定的，則用no加否定結構。eg: A

19、rent you a football fan？ Yes, I am. / No, I am not Wont she like it？ Yes, she will. / No, she wont.考點3 疑問句2.特殊疑問句。 特殊疑問句由“疑問代詞或疑問副詞+一般疑問句”構成，句子一般用倒裝語序，但如果主語是疑問代詞或由疑問代詞修飾時，用陳述句語序。特殊疑問句不能用yes或no回答，讀時用降調。eg: Who is on duty today？ How long have you been in Beijing？ What time do you get up every morning？

20、 What must I do now？考點3 疑問句詢問內容疑問詞或句型例句回答職業(yè)、身份whatWhat is your father?He is a doctor.姓名或關系whoWho is that boy?He is Jack.He is my brother.相貌特征Whatlike？What is she like?What does she look like?She is beautiful.常用的特殊疑問句考點3 疑問句詢問內容疑問詞或句型例句回答目的Whatfor?What did they come here for?To attend a meeting.原因why

21、 Why did they come here?Because they have a meeting to attend.天氣How？Whatlike?How is the weather today?What is the weather like today?Its fine.考點3 疑問句詢問內容疑問詞或句型例句回答顏色What color？What color is her skirt?Its red.服裝尺寸what sizeWhat size does he wear?He wears 40.幾點鐘what timeWhat time is it?Its 7:30.星期幾what

22、 dayWhat day is today?Its Tuesday.考點3 疑問句詢問內容疑問詞或句型例句回答日期（具體到日）What is the date?What is the date today?Its May 2.年齡（多大）how oldHow old is he?He is 38.持續(xù)多長時間（多久）how longHow long have you been here?For five months.長度（多長）how longHow long is the bridge?Its 500 meters.考點3 疑問句詢問內容疑問詞或句型例句回答距離（多遠）how farHow

23、 far is it from here to the zoo?Its 6 kilometers.頻度（多經(jīng)常）how oftenHow often do you come back?Once a week.時間經(jīng)過（多快）how soonHow soon will she arrive?In a week.考點3 疑問句詢問內容疑問詞或句型例句回答數(shù)量How many(可數(shù)名詞）How much(不可數(shù)名詞）How many jackets do you have?How much coffee do you want?Three.Two cups.價格How muchHow much is

24、 it?How much does it cost?Five dollars.高度（多高）How tall(人、樹）How high(山、建筑物）How tall is she?How high is the tower?Shes 1.73 meters.Its 450 meters.考點3 疑問句3.選擇疑問句。 選擇疑問句是說話者提出兩種或兩種以上的不同情況，讓對方選擇回答的疑問句。其結構是“疑問句+選擇部分”。選擇部分由or連接，or前面的部分讀升調，or后面的部分讀降調。 選擇疑問句不能用yes或no回答，而必須用具體的選擇答復。eg: Is your bag yellow or bl

25、ack？Its black. Would you like some tea or coffee？Either will do. Which do you like better，singing or dancing？I like dancing better考點3 疑問句4.反意疑問句。 分析廣東省卷近八年的中考真題可知，反意疑問句僅在2012年的單項選擇中被考查了一次。（1)結構：“陳述句+附加疑問部分be動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+陳述句主語對應的代詞”。（2)原則：“前肯后否，前否后肯”(人稱和時態(tài)前后保持一致)。eg: You are from Australia, arent you？

26、(前肯后否) Jack doesnt live in Guangdong, does he？(前否后肯)考點3 疑問句(3)用法概念形式例句附加在陳述句后的簡單問句，又稱附加疑問句肯定陳述句+附加否定疑問句Lucy often goes to school on foot,doesnt she?露西經(jīng)常步行去上學，不是嗎？否定陳述句+附加肯定疑問句You havent finish your work,have you?你還沒有完成工作，是嗎？考點3 疑問句概念形式例句附加在陳述句后的簡單問句，又稱附加疑問句Lets祈使句+shall we?Lets have a rest,shall we?

27、咱們休息一下，好嗎？肯定（否定）祈使句+will(wont) you?Be sure to come on time,will you?保證按時來，好嗎？考點3 疑問句(4) 反意疑問句的回答。 對反意疑問句的回答，如果事實是肯定的，就用yes；如果事實是否定的，就要用no。要特別注意當句子結構為“否定陳述句+肯定附加疑問句”時，反意疑問句部分用肯定式提問，回答yes或no，與漢語正好相反；這種省略回答的yes要翻譯成“不”，no要翻譯成“是”?？键c3 疑問句【注意】(1) 陳述部分含有few、little、hardly、never、not、no、no one、nobody、nothing、n

28、one等表示否定意義的詞時，其反意疑問句要用肯定結構。(2) 陳述部分是 there be句型時，反意疑問句中依然用 there。(3) 陳述部分含I think/believe/suppose that結構時，其反意疑問句需與從句的主謂保持一致，注意主句的主語必須是第一人稱。(4) 當 have/has/had表示“有”的意思并在句中作謂語時，其反意疑問句的助動詞要用do/does/did。(5) let引導的祈使句有兩種情況：以lets開頭的句子的反意疑問句要用“shall we”。以let us/me開頭的句子的反意疑問句要用“will you”?？键c3 疑問句考點專練( )1. _wi

29、ll the project of high-speed railway connecting those two cities be completed？ In about two years A.How long B.How far C.How soon D.How many( )2. _ is it from the Childrens Palace to Nanjing South Railway Station， Tom？ About 10 minutes ride A.How soon B.How long C.How far D.How much( )3.Sally, I hea

30、rd youre going to America. _ will you stay there？ About two years A.How soon B.How often C.How far D.How longCCD考點3 疑問句( )4.Jim is never late for school，_ ？ No, he is used to getting to school early A.has he B.is he C.hasnt he D.isnt he( )5.Your brother doesnt get up early, does he？ _.But he gets up

31、 late on weekends A.No, he doesnt. B.No, he does C.Yes, he does D.Yes, he doesntBC真題再練一、完成句子（按要求填入合適的單詞或短語）1.(2019青島) _ special classes we had! We have learned a lot about paper cutting. (感嘆句)2.(2019宿遷) _ wonderful the music is! Whats its name？(感嘆句) “Victory”3.(2019安徽)I wonder _ the students have a

32、special examination. (how詞組) Once a yearWhatHowhow often4.(2019汕頭澄海模擬)Oh, dear! The fire now is spreading quickly from downstairs.What should we do？ _ the lift.Escape from the fire exit.(use)5.Lets go to the theatre after supper，_ ？(反意疑問句) Good ideaDont useshall we二、單項選擇( )1.(2019北京)Excuse me, _ is this T-shirt？ Its 88 yuanA.how much B.how many C.how long D.how old( )2.(2019河南) _ everyone with politenesseven those who are very rude to you, not because they are nice, but because you areA.