主謂一致講解及練習(xí)附答案

1、-. z.主謂一致【考綱說(shuō)明】1掌握主謂一致三大原則：語(yǔ)法一致、意義一致和就近一致原則2學(xué)會(huì)分析句式，排除干擾，分清主謂，明了句子的主謂關(guān)系3本專題以單項(xiàng)選擇、單詞拼寫和詞形轉(zhuǎn)換的考察為主，分值為12分?！局R(shí)梳理】一、 定義：謂語(yǔ)受主語(yǔ)支配，須和主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，這叫做主謂一致。主謂一致一般遵循三條原則：語(yǔ)法一致原則，意義一致原則和就近一致原則。二、語(yǔ)法一致原則概念：即在謂語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)在語(yǔ)法形式上取得一致。如：主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也采用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但須注意以下幾種情況：1以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 To

2、start smoking is quite easy, but to give it up needs courage.開場(chǎng)吸煙很容易，但是要戒煙卻需要勇氣。Reading is learning. 讀書就是學(xué)習(xí)。What you need most is to have a good sleep.你所需要的就是好好睡一覺?！咀⒁狻浚河蓋hat引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式。但假設(shè)表語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)或what從句是一個(gè)帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列構(gòu)造時(shí)，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù) 。What I bought is three English books. 我買的是三本英語(yǔ)書。What I say

3、 and do are helpful for you. 我所說(shuō)的和做的對(duì)你是有幫助的。2由and 或both.and來(lái)連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。John and Ann are good friends. 約翰和安都是好朋友。Both Lucy and Lily are students。.露西和莉莉都是學(xué)生。【注意】：由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語(yǔ)前如果分別被no, each, every， every and (every)， each and (each)， no and (no) ,或many a ， many a and (many a)， more than one, 修飾時(shí)，其謂

4、語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Each boy and each girl was given a new book. 每一個(gè)男孩和每一個(gè)女孩都給了一本書。More than one student is interested in the book.不止一個(gè)學(xué)生對(duì)這書感興趣。3如果主語(yǔ)后接 with,together with， along with， as well as, like, but, e*cept, besides，including, no less than, rather than ,as much as，more than，等介詞短語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式由主語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定。An

5、 English teacher together with some students has climbed to the top of the mountain. 一位英語(yǔ)教師和幾個(gè)學(xué)生已經(jīng)爬到了山頂。She, like you and Tom, is very tall.像你和湯姆那樣她很高。4不定代詞each, each one，either, neither 和由 some, any, no, every 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 Each of the students has a book. 每個(gè)學(xué)生都有一本書。5a lot of lots of， plenty

6、 of， a head of， heaps of， the restmajority of ，somemany，anymore，most， all等of+名詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與of后面的名詞短語(yǔ)保持一致。Some of the sugar is wet. 有些糖是濕的。Most of the students in our class are league. 我們班上大多數(shù)學(xué)生是團(tuán)員。Half of the apples are given to the children.一半的蘋果送給孩子們。6a number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；The num

7、ber of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。A large number of buildings were burnt down.許多樓房被毀了。A number of trees are cut down. 許多樹被砍倒了7由分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of +名詞或代詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與of后面的名詞短語(yǔ)保持一致。Two thirds of the country is dry or desert.這個(gè)國(guó)家的三分之二的地方氣候枯燥或者是沙漠地區(qū)。Two thirds of the people present are against the plan.在場(chǎng)的三分之二的人反對(duì)

8、這個(gè)方案。More than 70 percent of the surface of our earth is covered by water.我們地球的70%的外表被水所覆蓋。8 如果主語(yǔ)是由a kind of, 或this/that kind of, a series ( a species) of ，a pair of等 + 名詞構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。 This kind of men is dangerous.這種人是危險(xiǎn)的。Is this kind of car made in Shanghai 這種汽車是制造的嗎？【注意】these/those kinds of復(fù)數(shù)名詞作

9、主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。 Fifteen pairs of shoes are made each day. 每天能制作15雙鞋。9*些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞clothes， trousers, shorts, shoes, gloves.作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。My shoes were worn out. 我的鞋子穿壞了。三、意義一致原則概念：意義一致原則，即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的在涵義。用法：1由 and 連接的兩個(gè)名詞，如果是指同一概念即and 后無(wú)冠詞，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。The manager and secretary is absent at the meet

10、ing.經(jīng)理兼書記沒有出席會(huì)議。The manager and the secretary are busy now.經(jīng)理和書記現(xiàn)在都很忙。Their teacher and friend is Mr. Li.他們的教師和朋友是先生。2表示總稱意義的形單意復(fù)的名詞，如people, police, cattle 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，只當(dāng)作復(fù)數(shù)對(duì)待，謂語(yǔ)在任何情況下都用復(fù)數(shù)。 The police are searching for a murderer in that mountain.警察正在山中搜尋一名殺人犯。3 表示時(shí)間、距離、金錢等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，表達(dá)一個(gè)整體概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。 Twenty

11、 years has passed since he left his hometown. 他離開家鄉(xiāng)20年了。 Five dollars is enough. 5美元就夠了。4以集體名詞army, class, enemy, family, government, group, team，crew，crowd，public等集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)視其情況而用不同形式：當(dāng)作主語(yǔ)被看作一個(gè)整體時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，如果被看成是其中的個(gè)體成員時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)就用復(fù)數(shù)。Our class is better than any other classes at playing basketball in our

12、school. 在打籃球方面，我們班勝過(guò)我們學(xué)校的任何一個(gè)班。Our family is not poor any more. 我們家已經(jīng)不再貧困了?！咀⒁狻縫opulation 單獨(dú)使用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；而前面有some, most 或與分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)連用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Most of the population of the city are workers.這個(gè)城市人口的大多數(shù)是工人。The population in our country is very large, and eighty percent of the population are farm

13、ers. 我們國(guó)家人口眾多，而80%的人口是農(nóng)民。數(shù)詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，但在四則運(yùn)算中，表示加法和乘法時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單、復(fù)數(shù)均 可，表示減法和除法時(shí)必須用單數(shù)。 Ten is a round number. 十是個(gè)整數(shù)。Ten times five is/are fifty. 十乘五等于五十。6表示數(shù)量的短語(yǔ)one and a half名詞復(fù)數(shù)及a單數(shù)名詞anda half作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。 One and a half cakes are a good meal for the monkey. A cake and a half is a good meal for the monkey

14、. 一個(gè)半蛋糕對(duì)猴子來(lái)說(shuō)是一頓美餐。四、就近一致原則概念：就近一致原則，即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)隨最近的主語(yǔ)而定，又稱為毗鄰一致原則。用法：1當(dāng)or，either.or, neither.nor, not only.but also.，not.but.，whether.or.等連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于最靠近于它的名詞或代詞。 Not only the mother but also the children are there.不但母親在那里，而且孩子們也在那里。2在倒裝句中如一個(gè)句子由there 或here引起，而主語(yǔ)又不止一個(gè)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞往往與最鄰近的一個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致。 There i

15、s a desk,a table and three chairs in the room. 房間里有一書桌，一桌子和三把椅子.【趣味】符合就近原則的構(gòu)造有there be, notbut, not onlybut also, oror,neithernor)記憶：就近有個(gè)人在叫賣，不是老頭而是老太；不僅賣瓜而且賣菜，或者現(xiàn)錢或者放債，既沒有車也不用秤，只要你笑她就白送?！窘?jīng)典例題】【例1】 【2011 】 He, together with his parents _going to visit Shanghai in July. How about you Im afraid I have

16、 to stay at home .A. are; on my own B. is, by myself C. is; by my own D. are; on myself 【解析】：B 主語(yǔ)后接together with時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式由主語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定， 而真正的主語(yǔ)是he。應(yīng)選B【例2】【2011資陽(yáng)】Each of the girls here _ to the West Lake twice. A. have gone B. have been C. has gone D. has been【解析】D 去過(guò)用have been，不定代詞each 做主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。應(yīng)選D

17、 【例3】【2011】The number of teachers in our school _ greatly increased last term.A number of teachers in this school _from the countryside. A.was;is B.was;are C.were;are D.were;is 【解析】答案：Ba number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；The number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 【例4】【2011市】 How much is the pair of shoes Twenty

18、dollars _ enough.A. is B. are C. am 【解析】A 【例5】【2011 】 - What can you see in the picture - I can see a farm. And there _ a lot animals on it.A. is B. are C. will be D. be 【解析】B ，there be 句型，遵循就近原則，后面animals 為復(fù)數(shù)，應(yīng)選B 【例6】【2011】This is my twin sister, Lucy. Not only she but also I good at drawing.A. is

19、B. am C. are 答案：B ，not only.but also.遵循就近原則，I 與am 連用，應(yīng)選B 【例7】【2011 】Do you like your new TshirtYes. Not only I but also my mother _ it. A. likes B. like C. doesnt like 答案：A， not only.but also.遵循就近原則，mother 為第三人稱單數(shù)【課堂練習(xí)】【2011】Linda, with her parents,_ the Wolf Hill, and they will be back this afterno

20、on. A. has gone to B. have gone to C. has been to D. have been to【2011資陽(yáng)】 Each of the girls here _ to the West Lake twice.A. have gone B. have been C. has gone D. has been【2011烏魯木齊】 There _ going to be a basketball match this afternoon.are B. is C. have D. Will【2011】 He, together with his parents _g

21、oing to visit Shanghai in July. How about you Im afraid I have to stay at home _.are; on my own B. is, by myself C. is; by my own D. are; on myself5.【2011】There a football match on CCTV-5 at nine tomorrow evening.A. will have B. is going to be C. is having 【2011】The number fo teachers in our school

22、_ greatly increased last term. A number of teachers in this school _ from the countryside.was; is B. was; are C. were; are D. were; is7.【2011】This is my twin sister, Lucy. Not only she but also I good at drawing.is B. am C. are 8.【2011】 How much is the pair of shoes Twenty dollars _ enough.is B. are

23、 C. am 9.【2011】One of my friends _moved to America. I miss her so much.A. has B. have C. is D. are 10.【2011黃岡】 Which would you like, tea or coffeeEither _ OK, but I prefer coffee _milk.is; with B. is; toC. are; withD. are; to11.【2011】Neither my father nor my mother _ rock music. They think that its

24、too _.A. like; noise B. likes; noise C. like; noisy D. likes; noisy12.【2011】Do you like your new TshirtYes. Not only I but also my mother _ it.likes B. like C. doesnt like13.【2011】- What can you see in the picture - I can see a farm. And there _ a lot animals on it.is B. areC. will beD. Be【2011】The

25、head teacher with his students _Teanchengshan Park if it _tomorrow.A. is going to; isnt rainy B. are going to; isnt rainyC. is going to; wont rain D. are going to; doesnt rain 15.【2011】David, there _ a dictionary and some books on your desk. Please put them away.OK. Mum. Ill do it right away.isB. ar

26、eC. has D. Have16. 【2011德陽(yáng)】 Physics _ more difficult than Chinese, do you think so- Yes, I think so.A. is B. are C. Has【2011】 There _ still some milk in the fridge. Its not necessary to go to the store today.A. am B. is C. are D. Be【課后作業(yè)】 1.【2011】 The number of books in the bookshop is about 10,000

27、and a number of them about science.A. is B. was C. are D. Were2. 【2011涼山】Ten minutes ago, there _ an eraser, a pen and some books on the desk.A. was B. were C. is【2011江津】There only one doctor in the hospital today.A. isB. hasC. haveD. Are4. 【2011龍】I cant afford the car, five thousand dollars _ too m

28、uch for me.A. isB. areC. be5.【2011省】 Therelots of people at the restaurant when 1 got there.A. is B. was C. are D. Were6How time flies! Ten years _ passed. A. have B. has C. is D. are7Not only his parents but also his brother _ to the Summer Palace. They havent been back. A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone8Neither my father _ going to see the patient. A. nor I am B. nor I areC. or me are D. or me is9【2004】Look! There _ playing with the touri