2020考研英語(一)真題及答案

1、絕密啟用前2020 年全國碩士研究生招生考試英語（一）（科目代碼：201）考生注意事項1.答題前，考生須在試題冊指定位置上填寫考生編號和考生姓名；在答題卡指定位置上填寫報考單位、考生姓名和考生編號，并涂寫考生編號信息點。2.考生須把試題冊上的“試卷條形碼”粘貼條取下，粘貼在答題卡的“試卷條形碼粘貼位置”框中。不按規(guī)定粘貼條形碼而影響評卷結(jié)果的，責任由考生自負。3.選擇題的答案必須涂寫在答題卡相應(yīng)題號的選項上，非選擇題的答案必須書寫在答題卡指定位置的邊框區(qū)域內(nèi)。超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無效；在草稿紙、試題冊上答題無效。4.填（書）寫部分必須使用黑色字跡簽字筆或者鋼筆書寫，字跡工整、筆記清楚；涂寫部

2、分必須使用 2B 鉛筆填涂。5.考試結(jié)束，將答題卡和試題冊按規(guī)定交回。（以下信息考生必須認真填寫）考生姓名注：考生編號由考生在云逸未來的學號+3個0 組成，共計15 位。Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and markA, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families dont sit down to eat together as freq

3、uently as before, millions ofBritons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nations greattraditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winters day, few culinary pleasures can 2it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3should be rendered yet anoth

4、er, quality pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risksof a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 hightemperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, rejectthincrust pizzas and only 8 to

5、ast their bread. But where is the evidence tosupport such alarmist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can causeneurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer inhumans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientificproof 12 the preca

6、utionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to followthe FSA advice. 14 , it was rumourde that smoking caused cancer for years beforethe evidence was found to prove a 15 .Doubtless a piece of boiled beef can always be.16 up on Sunday alongsidesome steamed vegetables, without the Yorkshire pu

7、dding and no wine. But would lifebe worth living? 17 , the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods18 , but reduce their lifetime intake. However its 19 risks coming a cross as beingpushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.英語（一）考試試題 第1頁 共 15 頁1.

8、A InBTowardsBexpressBenjoymentBprivilegedBreceivedBatC OnDTill2. A match3. A patience4. A intensified5. A issued6. A underC satisfyC surpriseC compelledC ignoredC forDinfluenceDconcernDguaranteedDcancelledDby7. A forgetBregretC finishC easilyC IfDavoid8. A partially9. A Unless10. A secondary11. A in

9、sufficientBregularlyBSinceDinitiallyDWhileDnegativeDslowBexternalBboundC conclusiveC likely12. A On the basis of B At the cost of C In addition to D In contrast to13. A interesting14. A As usual15. A resemblance16. A madeBadvisableC urgentDfortunateB In particular C By definition D After allBcombina

10、tion C connectionBserved C savedBFor instance C To be briefDpatternDused17. A To be fair18. A reluctantly19. A promise20. A follow upD In generalDcarefullyDcompetitionDend upBentirelyBexperienceBpick upC graduallyC campaignC open upSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following

11、four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B,C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)英語（一）考試試題 第2頁 共 15 頁Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with acall to institute a UK town of culture award. The proposal is that

12、 it should sit alongside theexisting city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded toCoventry for zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull,where it brought in 220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confinedto cities.

13、 Britain town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lackthe resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture awardcould, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by pr

14、ize for the fact that Britain is no longerbe able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, asought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. A cynic mightspeculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebra

15、tion in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post -Brexit world: after town ofculture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run year ofculture washes in and out of a place like

16、 the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leavingno lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles arethose that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile artsevents and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the p

17、eople who livethere; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well ascooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups andcultural organisations. But it can be done:

18、Glasgows year as European capital ofculture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the cityinto the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A town of culture could be not just about the arts but about honouring a townspeculiarities-helping sustain it

19、s high street, supporting local facilities and above allcelebrating its people and turn it into action.英語（一）考試試題 第3頁 共 15 頁21. Copper and her colleague argue that a town of culture award would _.Aconsolidate the towncity ties in BritainBpromote cooperation among Brains townsCincrease the economic st

20、rength of Brains townsDfocus Brains limited resources on cultural events.22.According to paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as _.Aa sensible compromiseBa deceiving attemptCan eyecatching bonusDan inaccessible target23.The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it

21、_.Aendeavors to maintain its imageBmeets the aspiration of its peopleCbrings its local arts to prominenceDcommits to its longterm growth24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present _.Aa contrasting caseBa supporting exampleCa background storyDa related topic25.What is the authors attitude towa

22、rds the proposal?ASkepticalBObjective,CFavorableDCriticalDBBC英語（一）考試試題 第4頁 共 15 頁Text 2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money. Scientists needjournals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles withoutmonetary reward. Other scientists perform the speci

23、alised work of peer review alsofor free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the productionof scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only finda market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not verypr

24、ice sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in anexistential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientificpapers produced in the world, made profits of

25、more than 900m last year,while UK universities alone spent more than 210m in 2016 to enable researchers toaccess their own publicly funded research; both figures seem to riseunstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been

26、the emergenceof Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, whichnow claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since 2015. Thesuccess of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they havethemselves legally accessed, shows the legal eco

27、system has lost legitimacy amongits users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by fundingbodies. In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all Britishscientific research is now published und

28、er open access terms; either freely availablefrom the moment of publication, or paywalled for a year or more so that thepublishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities.Publishers have responded to the demand t

29、hat they make their product free to readersby charging their writers fees. to cover the costs of preparing an article. These rangefrom around 500 to $5,000. A report last year pointed out that the costs both ofsubscriptions and of these “article preparation costs” had been steadily rising at a ratea

30、bove inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of thesocial internet: labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while hugeprofits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we needa rebalancing of power.英語（一）考試試題 第5頁 共 1

31、5 頁26. Scientific publishing is seen as a licence to print money partly because_ _.Aits funding has enjoyed a steady increaseBits marketing strategy has been successful.Cbeen analyzed from political aspectDits content acquisition costs nothing27.According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers

32、 Elsevier have _.Athrived mainly on university librariesBgone through an existential crisis.Crevived the publishing industryDfinanced researchers generously28. How does the author feel about the success of SciHub?ARelievedBPuzzledCConcernedDEncouraged29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 tha

33、t open access terms _.Aallow publishers some room to make moneyBrender publishing much easier for scientistsCreduce the cost of publication substantiallyDfree universities from financial burdens30.Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?ATrial subscription is offeredB La

34、bour triumphs over statusC Costs are well controlledDThe few feed on the manyD AD AD英語（一）考試試題 第6頁 共 15 頁Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way tolevel the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form. ofvirtue-signaling that benefi

35、ts only the most privileged and does little to help averagepeople.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and HouseSpeaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure gender parity on boards andcommissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than

36、 half the state-governmentboards are less than 40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have moresuch opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the billsbecome law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent ofboard seats for women by 2

37、022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in California, which last yearbecame the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing themeasure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expresslyclassifies people on the basis of sex, is probably

38、 unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex-based classifications unless they aredesigned to address an important policy interest, Because the California law appliesto all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likelyto rule that the law violates the cons

39、titutional guarantee of equal protection,But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation oncorporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the generalpopulation, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing withoutgovernm

40、ent interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for boardmembership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. Th

41、at isexactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic，Alice Lee notes that increasing the number ofopportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified womento serve on such boards has led to a golden skirt phenomenon, w

42、here the same elitewomen scoop up .multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make theirsponsors feel good but do little to help average women.英語（一）考試試題 第7頁 共 15

43、 頁31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will _.Ahelp little to reduce gender biasB pose a threat to the state governmentC raise womens position in politicsDgreatly broaden career options32.Which of the following is true of the California measure?AIt has irritated privat

44、e business ownersB It is welcomed by the Supreme CourtCIt may go against the ConstitutionDIt will settle the prior controversies33.The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate _.Athe harm from arbitrary board decisionB the importance of constitutional guaranteesC the pressure on women in

45、global corporationsDthe needlessness of government interventions34 Norways adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to _.Athe underestimation of elite womens roleB the objection to female participation on boardsCthe entry of unqualified candidates into the boardDthe growing tension be

46、tween labor and management35.Which of the following can be inferred from the text?AWomens need in employment should be consideredBFeasibility should be a prime concern in policymakingC Everyone should try hard to promote social justiceDMajor social issues should be the focus of legislationACDCB英語（一）

47、考試試題 第8頁 共 15 頁Text 4Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which wouldimpose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital servicesto consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything fromproviding a platform for selling goods and services

48、 online to targeting advertisingbased on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. ManyFrench politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a GAFA tax, meaningthat it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google, Apple, Facebookand Amazon- in other wo

49、rds, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President EmmanuelMacron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effectwithin the next few weeks. But it has already sparked significant controversy, withthe Uni

50、te Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether thetax discriminates against American companies, which in turn could lead to tradesanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue.Instead, the digital services tax is part of a

51、 much larger trend, with countries over thepast few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international taxprovisions. These have included Britains DPT (diverted profits tax).Australias MAAL (multinational antiavoidance law), and IndiasSEP (significant economic presence) test,

52、to name but a few. At the sametime, the European Union. Spain, Britain and several other countries have allseriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designedto tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believ

53、e they should have aright to tax, even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words,they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with thecurrent economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for EconomicCooperation

54、 and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries toreach a consensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both Franceand the United States are involved in the organizations work, but Frances digitalservices tax and the American response raise questions about what the futur

55、eholds for the international tax system.Frances planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reachedon reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit,and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nationsthat will prov

56、e burdensome and costly.英語（一）考試試題 第9頁 共 15 頁36.The French Senate has passed a bill to _.Aregulate digital services platformsB protect French companies interestsCimpose a levy on tech multinationalsDcurb the influence of advertising37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax

57、_.Amay trigger countermeasures against FranceB is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroadC aims to ease international trade tensionsDwill prompt the tech giants to quit France38.The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that _.Aredistribution of tech giants revenue must be

58、ensuredBthe current international tax system needs upgradingC tech multinationals monopoly should be preventedDall countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights39 It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECOs current work _.Ais being resisted by US companiesB needs to be readjusted immediatelyCis face

59、d with uncertain prospectsDneeds to in involve more countries40.Which of the following might be the best title for this text?AFrance Is Confronted with Trade SanctionsBFrance leads the charge on Digital TaxC France Says NO to Tech MultinationalsDFrance Demands a Role in the Digital Economy C ABCB英語（

60、一）考試試題 第10頁 共 15 頁Part BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41 45, you arerequired to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the listG and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs A and C have beencorrectly placed. Mark you