英國文學(xué)選讀課后答案

1、英國文學(xué)選讀課后答案英國文學(xué)選讀Poems: Hamlet (Act 3, Seene 1, lines 55-86)生存或毀滅，這是個必答之問題 是否應(yīng)默默的忍受坎苛命運之無情打擊，還是應(yīng)與深如大海之無涯苦難奮然為敵, 并將其克服。死即睡眠，它不過如此！倘若一眠能了結(jié)心靈之苦楚與肉體之百患，那么，此結(jié)局是可盼的！死去，睡去但在睡眠中可能有夢，啊，這就是個阻礙： 當(dāng)我們擺脫了此垂死之皮囊，在死之長眠中會有何夢來臨？它令我們躊躇，使我們心甘情愿的承受長年之災(zāi)，否則誰肯容忍人間之百般折磨， 如暴君之政、驕者之傲失戀之痛、 法章之慢 貪官之侮、或庸民之辱假如他能簡單的一刃了之? 還有誰會肯去做牛做馬

2、，終生疲於操勞默默的忍受其苦其難,而不遠(yuǎn)走高飛，飄於渺 茫之境倘若他不是因恐懼身後之事而使他猶豫不前 ? 此境乃無人知曉之邦，自古無返者 進(jìn)入我們無法知曉的地域 所以理智能使我們成為懦夫 而顧慮能使我們本來輝煌之心志變得黯然 無光，像個病夫再之，這些更能壞大事，亂大謀，使它們失 去 魄力。Hamlet P8Why is sleep so frightening, according to Hamlet, since it can “end”he heartache and the thousa nd n atural shocks”？.tfomebackcan end the heartach

3、e.tfomebackcan end the heartachet know at“ dream” . He canthe end of life, you may go to or unknown world and you can he dies, Hamlet cant realize his will. Though“sleep ”and the thousa nd n atural shocks, it is a state of mind. Hamlet did n all. He is frightened by the possible suffering in the lon

4、g predict what will happe n in the sleep, may be good may be evil.Why would people rather bear all the sufferi ngs of the world in stead of choos ing death to get rid of them, accord ing to Hamlet?Death is so mysterious that nobody knows what death will bring to us. Maybe bitter sufferi ngs, great p

5、ains, heartbreak ing stories Because people hold the same idea to grunt and sweat under a weary life, but that the dread of something after death-the undiscovered country, form whose bourn no traveler returns-puzzle the will, and make us rather bear those ills we have than fly to others that we know

6、 not of? ” People also are frightened by the myths in ano ther world after death.What, after all, makes people lose their determ in atio n to take acti on? Please expla in in relati on to the so-called hesitati on of Hamlet.Conscienee and over- considerations. He wants to revenge, but doesn t knowho

7、w. He wants to kill his uncle, but finds it too risky. He lives in despair and wants to commit suicide. However, he knows if he dies, nobody will comfort his father s ghost. He is in face of great dilemma. They don t know the resultafter their taking the action. Such as Hamlet, he doesn know what wo

8、uld happen if he kills his uncle or kills himself. So Hamlet was hesitated.Sonnet 18 P15我怎么能夠把你來比作夏天？你不獨比它可愛也比它溫婉: 狂風(fēng)把五月寵愛的嫩蕊作踐，夏天出賃的期限又未免太短： 天上的眼睛有時照得太酷烈，它那炳耀的金顏又常遭掩蔽： 被機緣或無常的天道所摧折，沒有芳艷不終于雕殘或銷毀。 但是你的長夏永遠(yuǎn)不會雕落，也不會損失你這皎潔的紅芳， 或死神夸口你在他影里漂泊，當(dāng)你在不朽的詩里與時同長。 只要一天有人類，或人有眼睛，這詩將長存，并且賜給你生命。1.How does the poet an

9、swer the question heputs forth in the first line?The poet opens with a question that is addressed to the beloved, Shall I compare thee to a summers day? This questi on is comparing“thee ” to thesummer time of the year. It is during this time when the flowers are blooming, trees are full of leaves, t

10、he weather is warm, and it is generally considered as an enjoyable time during the year. The following eleven lines in the poem are also dedicated to similar comparisons between the beloved and summer days.2. What makes the poet think that“thou ” can be more beautiful than summerand immortal?At the

11、very beginning, the poet puts forth a question:“ Shall I compare theeto a summer s day? ” Then he gives an answer:“ Tlohvoeuliaertand moretemperate. ”O(jiān)n the one hand, “ Roughwinds do shake the darling buds of May, and summer s lease hath all too short a date; ”on the other hand, “ Sometimetoo hot th

12、e heaven shines, and often is his gold complexion dimmed. ” So from the above two aspects the poet thinks that“thou ” can bemore beautiful than summer. In addition,“And every fair from fair sometimedeclines, by chance, or nature cshanging course untrimmed. ”Compared with immo rtal, “But thy eternal

13、summer shall not fade, nor lose possession of that fair thou owst, nor shall death brag thou wand in his shadr es, twhenin eternal lines to times thou growst. ” Therefore, the poet draws a conclusion:“So long as men can breatheor eyes can see, so long lives this, and this gives life to thee. ”In thi

14、s poem, the poet makes “thou ”more beautiful than summer and immortal because of his beautiful lines. So in this case,“thou ” inthe poem can be regarded as female because love can beauty eternal. Or “thou ” can be referred to male, for friendship can make beauty everlasting.Even “thou ”can be abstra

15、ct “l(fā)ove ”or “ beauty ” which will become eternal in the wonderful poem.莎士比亞詩歌的兩個主題：時光不饒人，青春和美麗是短暫的；只有詩歌才有力量使美麗與 愛情永存。(theme:只有文學(xué)可與時間抗衡)Chan ge, Fate, and Eter nityHowever much it might look he praising a beloved, this poet is definitely more concerned with tooting his own horn. Really, you could su

16、m up the poem like this: Dear Beloved: You re better than a summer s day. But onlybecause I can make you eternal by writing about you. Love, Shakespeare. That message is why images and symbols of time, decay, and eternity are all over this poem. Whether or not we think the beloved is actually made i

17、mmortal (or just more immortal than the summe r s day) is up in the air, but it s certainly what the speaker wants you to think.Line 4: This is where the speaker starts pointing to how short summer feels.Using personification and metaphor, the speaker suggests that summer has take n out a lease on t

18、he weather, which must be retur ned at the end of the summer. Summer is treated like a home-re nter, while the weather is treated like a real-estate property.Lines 7- 8: These lines give us the problem (everything s going to fade away)that the poet is going to work aga in st.Lines 9-12: These lines

19、are full of all sorts of figurative Ianguage, all pointing to how the speaker is going to save the beloved from the fate of fading away. The beloved s life is described in a metaphor as a summer, and then his or her beauty is described in another metaphor as a commodity than can be owned or owed. De

20、ath is then personified, as the overseer of the shade (a metaphor itself for an afterlife). Finally the lines to time are a metaphor for poetry, which will ultimately save the beloved, and eternal is a parallel with eter nal summer in line 9.Lines 13-14: What sso interesting about these lines is tha

21、t it hard to tell whether the speaker is using figurative Ianguage or not. Does he actually mean that the poem is alive, and that it will keep the beloved alive? Well, it depends what we mean by alive. If we read alive scientifically, as in breathing and thinking, well then alive is definitely a met

22、aphor. But if we read it as describing a continued existence of some kind, well then maybe he does mean it literally, since surely the poem and the beloved exist for us in some sen se.Sonnet 18 deals with the conventional theme that natural beauty will surely be knocked out with the passing of time

23、and that only art (poetry) can bring eter nity to the one the poet loves and eulogizes.I Wandered lonely as a Cloud P61我好似一朵孤獨的流云，高高地飄游在山谷之上， 突然我看見一大片鮮花，是金色的水仙遍地開放， 它們開在湖畔，開在樹下，它們隨風(fēng)嬉舞，隨風(fēng)波蕩。它們密集如銀河的星星，像群星在閃爍一片晶瑩， 它們沿著海灣向前伸展，通往遠(yuǎn)方仿佛無窮無盡； 一眼看去就有千朵萬朵，萬花搖首舞得多么高興。 粼粼湖波也在近旁歡跳，卻不如這水仙舞得輕俏； 詩人遇見這快樂的旅伴，又怎能不感到欣喜

24、雀躍； 我久久凝視卻未領(lǐng)悟 這景象所給我的精神至寶。 后來多少次我郁郁獨臥，感到百無聊賴心靈空漠； 這景象便在腦海中閃現(xiàn)，多少次安慰過我的寂寞； 我的心又隨水仙跳起舞來，我的心又重新充滿了歡樂。1. What is the relation between the poet and nature as described in the poem? Theme of Man and the Natural World: Wordsworth is the granddaddy of all nature poets, and he s in top form in I wandered lone

25、ly asa Cloud. In her journal entry about the day in question, Wordsworths sister Dorothy wrote about their surprise at finding so many daffodils in such a strange place, next to a lake and under some trees. How d those get there? she wondered, even guessing that maybe the seeds floated across the la

26、ke. The event is one of the minor miracles that nature produces all the time, as anyone who has seen the documentary Planet Earth or the Disney movie Earth knows. Wordsworth s nature is full of life and vitality. He appreciates its wildness and unpredictability, but he humanizes the landscape and fi

27、ts it to his own mind.Theme of Happiness I wandered lonely as a Cloud is a poem that just makes you feel good about life. It says that even when you are by yourself and lonely and missing your friends, you can use your imagination to fine new friends in the world around you. As John Milton famously

28、wrote, The mind is its own place, and in itself, can make heaven of Hell, and a hell of Heaven. The speaker of this poem makes a heaven out of a windy day and a bunch of daffodils. His happ in ess does no t last forever -he s not that un realistic but - the daffodils give him a little boost of joy w

29、henever he needs it, like recharging his batteries.Theme of Spirituality The 19th century Scottish writer Thomas Carlyle coined the phrase natural supernaturalism, which has been used by later critics to describe how the Romantic poets, and especially Wordsworth, viewed the natural world as a spirit

30、ual realm. The idea is that Heaven comes down to earth and is viewed as part of the world. This poem illustrates the principle of natural supernaturalism. The daffodils are like angels and twinkling star s, and the bliss of heaven occurs in speaker s imagination. Heuses Christian ideas and images to

31、 make an ode to nature without any reference to God.Theme of Memory and the Past I wandered lonely as a Cloud is almost like a simpler version of Tintern Abbey , one of Wordsworth sother most famous works. In both poems, the memory of beautiful things serves as acomfort to the speaker even after the

32、 experience of viewing them has ended. He can always draw on his imagination to reproduce the joy of the event and to remember the spiritual wisdom that it provided. In the case of I wandered lonely as a Cloud, we do not realize just how far in the future the speaker sperspective is located until th

33、e fourth stanza, when he describes just how often the daffodils have comforted him.2. Do you think nature can have healing effect on mind?I think nature can have healing effect on mind, but the precondition is that the nature should be peaceful and earthly. Le t s imagine a scene. At the very beginn

34、ing, we felt a little sad. Then, we place ourselves at a peaceful and clean lake. We sit on the comfortable and green grass. There are several wild flowers on the grass. Some little birds are walking near us with chirp. We can breathe the smell of the earth. When we are watching it glistening in the

35、 sunshine, there may be a smile on our face again. Nobody will be not touched in this condition unless there is something wrong with his mind. It is just like a picture. Or it is just like a clean bracing and ethereal melody. We can close our eyes to listen to it without any distracting thoughts. It

36、 always can comfort our hearts, and we will not feel that desperate. Every time I feel not happy I will listen to a piece of piano music. That makes me good, all my fidgeting will go away from me. Sometimes I will reflect where the problem is. Peaceful music is just like the nature. Both they can gi

37、ve me a kind of feeling like mother. Do not be scared at all. Sometimes I suppose if the criminal can live in the nature and experience it, they willnot do that evil. In another hand,those artists maybe can not create the works. As the author said, a host of golden daffodils beside the lake, beneath

38、 the trees, fluttering and dancing in the breeze. The memory made him excited and brought his lonely heart happiness. If a writer does not watch any beautiful scenery, I believe he or she can tbe a good writer. Peaceful nature is a place people can release themselves and remove the unhappiness. In t

39、his circumstance, the writer digs their inspiration.Yes, I think so. Some people may think that our nature has been highly polluted by our human beings. And it won t have any effects on us. The others may think the nature has bad influence on our bodies because of the contamination. But I think natu

40、re must have a lot of healing effect on mind. As the development of the society, people may meet more and more difficulties, and it may lead to more stress. For example, when a person has worked for a long time, it is hard for him to do more. He would like to spend sometime travelling to somewhere.

41、The place is best to be beautiful, clean, comfortable, with clear sky and green grass. People can breathe the fresh air there. When he lies on the grass and watches the sky, he may forget all the stress on work. The only thing he can do is to enjoy the charming scenery and great nature.Nature also c

42、an affect people when they are ill especially serious disease. The patient may feel their life meaningless. At that time, their families willtakethem to a remote place. They may also let the patie nt have a pet. During the feeding period, the patient may feel that a life is so difficult to bring up.

43、 He will heal the spirit to live. Different people have different ideas. I can say that nature doesn have mischief, but in my opinion, its good effects are more.Ode to the West Wind P83 西風(fēng)頌第一節(jié)哦，狂暴的西風(fēng)，秋之生命的呼吸！你無形，但枯死的落葉被你橫掃，有如鬼魅碰到了巫師，紛紛逃避：黃的，黑的， 灰的，紅得像患肺癆，呵，重染疫癘的一群：西風(fēng)呵，是你以車駕把有翼的種子催送到黑暗的冬床上，它們就躺在那里，像是

44、墓中的死 穴，冰冷，深藏，低賤，直等到春天，你碧空的姊妹吹起她的喇叭，在沉 睡的大地上響遍，喚出嫩芽，像羊群一樣，覓食空中）將色和香充 滿了山峰和平原。不羈的精靈呵，你無處不遠(yuǎn)行；破壞者兼保護(hù)者： 聽吧，你且聆聽!第二節(jié)沒入你的急流，當(dāng)高空一片混亂，流云象大地的 枯葉一樣被撕扯脫離天空和海洋的糾纏的枝干。成為雨和電的使 者：它們飄落在你的磅礴之氣的蔚藍(lán)的波面，有如狂女的飄揚 的頭發(fā)在閃爍，從天穹的最遙遠(yuǎn)而模糊的邊沿 直抵九霄的中 天，到處都在搖曳欲來雷雨的卷發(fā)，對瀕死的一年 你唱出了葬歌， 而這密集的黑夜將成為它廣大墓陵的一座圓頂，里面正有你的萬 鈞之力的凝結(jié)；那是你的渾然之氣，從它會迸涌黑色

45、的雨，冰雹 和火焰：哦，你聽！第三節(jié)是你，你將藍(lán)色的地中海喚醒,而它曾經(jīng)昏睡了 一整個夏天，被澄澈水流的回旋催眠入夢，就在巴亞海灣的一 個浮石島邊，它夢見了古老的宮殿和樓閣在水天輝映的波影 里抖顫，而且都生滿青苔、開滿花朵，那芬芳真迷人欲醉！ 呵，為了給你讓一條路，大西洋的洶涌的浪波把自己向兩邊劈 開，而深在淵底那海洋中的花草和泥污的森林雖然枝葉扶疏，卻 沒有精力；聽到你的聲音，它們已嚇得發(fā)青：一邊顫栗，一 邊自動萎縮：哦，你聽！第四節(jié)哎，假如我是一片枯葉被你浮起，假如我是能和 你飛跑的云霧，是一個波浪，和你的威力同喘息，假如我分有你 的脈搏，僅僅不如你那么自由，哦，無法約束的生命！假如我能像

46、 在少年時，凌風(fēng)而舞便成了你的伴侶，悠游天空（因為呵，那時候， 要想追你上云霄，似乎并非夢幻），我就不致像如今這樣焦躁地要 和你爭相祈禱。哦，舉起我吧，當(dāng)我是水波、樹葉、浮云！我跌在生活底荊棘上，我流血了！這被歲月的重軛所制服的生命原是和你一樣：驕傲、輕捷而不馴。第五節(jié)把我當(dāng)作你的豎琴吧， 有如樹林： 盡管我的葉落 了，那有什么關(guān)系！ 你巨大的合奏所振起的音樂將染有樹林和我的 深邃的秋意： 雖憂傷而甜蜜。呵，但愿你給予我狂暴的精神！ 奮勇者呵，讓我們合一！ 請把我枯死的思想向世界吹落， 讓它像枯葉一樣 促成新的生命！ 哦，請聽從這一篇符咒似的詩歌， 就把我的話語， 像是灰燼和火星 從還未熄滅的

47、爐火向人間播散！ 讓預(yù)言的喇叭通 過我的嘴唇 把昏睡的大地喚醒吧！西風(fēng)啊，如果冬天來了 , 春天還會遠(yuǎn)嗎 ?Shelly 雪萊 Ode To The West Wind Shelley was an idealist and most of his nature poems are about the need for revolution and a desire to break the status quo. Ode to the West Wind is no different. Here Shelley sees the west wind as a symbol of revol

48、ution, of a new world order that would replace the old one. He identifies with the wind in that he knows that just as the west wind spells the arrival of the new year, similarly his poetic ideas will usher in a new world order and change the present world for the better. The poem has a note of despa

49、ir when he says: I fall upon the thorns of life, I bleedbut soon enough he gains his composure and towards the end hes filled with hope and optimism which is expressed beautifully in the last two lines:When winter comes, can spring be far behind?Ode to the West Wind Theme of Man and the Natural Worl

50、dIn Ode to the West Wind, Nature is grander and more powerful than man can hope to be. The natural world is especially powerful because it contains elements like the West Wind and the Spring Wind, which can travel invisibly across the globe, affecting every cloud, leaf, and wave as they go. Man may

51、be able to increase his status by allowing Nature to channel itself through him.In what way is the West Wind both a destroyer and a preserver?West wind is the destroyer as it is turbulent and strong and destroys the wide spread vegetation. It is a destroyer of the old, decaying and valueless things

52、(such as dead leaves), blowing over the land, drives away the dead leaves. Shelly shows the irony of the wind that acts in a contradictory manner.(use and Describe the words that show the potential strength and use effective language)It is the preserver as it brings life to the dead atmosphere, it s

53、preads the seeds and they lie two inches beneath the ground and eventually sprout into seedlings.What is the relation between the West Wind and the poet?In Ode to the West Wind, Nature is grander and more powerful than man can hope to be. The natural world is especially powerful because it contains

54、elements like the West Wind and the Spring Wind, which can travel invisibly across the globe, affecting every cloud, leaf, and wave as they go. Man may be able to increase his status by allowing Nature to channel itself through him.The speaker of the poem appeals to the West Wind to infuse ( 灌輸，影響)

55、him with a new spirit and a new power to spread his ideas.As “the trumpet of prophecy ha”t d, owes the west wind predict in physical reality? How do you understand it symbolically?As the speaker of Ode to the West Wind feels himself waning and decaying, he begs the wind to use him as an instrument,

56、inhabit him, distribute his ideas, or prophesy through his mouth. He hopes to transform himself by uniting his own spirit with the larger Spirit of the West Wind and of Nature itself. The speaker wishes that the wind could affect him the way it does leaves and clouds and waves. Because it can t,he a

57、sks the wind to play him like an instrument, bringing out his sadness in its own musical lament. Maybe therewind can eve n help him to send his ideas all over the world; eve n if they not powerful in their own right, his ideas might in spire others. The sad music that the wind will play on him will

58、become a prophecy. The West Wind of autu mn brings on a cold, barre n period of win ter, but isn win ter always followed by a spri ng?re你，被靜默艷壓詩篇的，講述神還是凡什么人或什么笛子手 更妙；婉轉(zhuǎn)的 更奇妙，為精 你的歌，綠蔭雖然萬分接你，被靜默艷壓詩篇的，講述神還是凡什么人或什么笛子手 更妙；婉轉(zhuǎn)的 更奇妙，為精 你的歌，綠蔭雖然萬分接她與辰老無緣，雖無艷?？涉? 河，如她芳華常駐！啊，喜悅層生的枝條！你不會 不會向春天揮別；而你，歡快的樂手，永不疲憊

59、永遠(yuǎn)新鮮的仙樂更多歡暢的愛！更多幸福的愛! 融，只等歡樂縱情永遠(yuǎn)都在搏動，永遠(yuǎn)青春四射; 人欲，都遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)拋開離開悲痛莫名的，厭煩的心靈, 額頭，焦渴的唇舌。是一群什么人，趕來參加祭獻(xiàn)? 叫的，那頭小母牛，絲滑的腰身上，圍著繽紛花環(huán) 司，你把它牽走要去哪座綠色祭壇？什么小鎮(zhèn) 濱，還是在山間傍著幽靜的山寨，為這鄉(xiāng)俗里 騰出所有的人民？你卻永墜愛 飄落綠葉，也 永遠(yuǎn)在吹奏，總是暖意融你卻永墜愛 飄落綠葉，也 永遠(yuǎn)在吹奏，總是暖意融所有呼吸的高燒不退的對著天空鳴 噢，神秘的祭 在河畔還是海 敬神的早晨， 就沒人講述，噢，雅典的形體！情態(tài)的美妙！ 大理石的繁 帶，密布男女身上還有佳木的枝葉，踏過的野草你，

60、沉默的塑形，像永恒一樣引我們超越思想：涼的田園詩！ 年華逝去， 將催老我們這一輩， 你在別樣的悲傷中，不曾代謝一個人類的朋友，對我們感喟美是真，真也是美”這就是你知道，和你需 要知道的一切。Matthew Arnold: Dover beach p120多佛海灘 馬修阿諾德今夜海面平靜。潮水漲滿，明月高懸 海峽之上；對面法國海岸 燈光明滅；英格蘭絕壁聳立；遠(yuǎn)處的寧靜海灣，閃爍、無邊?？靵泶斑?，夜晚空氣如蜜甜！唯一的是，從那長長的海浪線，從那大海和月光漂洗的土地交會之地，聽啊！你聽得見那嘎吱嘎吱的吶喊 那是海浪帶著卵石退去，又拋起，再 次回來時，將其送上高地，一來，一去，周而復(fù)始，有張有馳，不慌