2022年考研考博-考博英語-南京師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號46

1、住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-南京師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題When he saw what had happened to the black girl, his face（ ） extreme disapproval and dissatisfaction.問題1選項A.registeredB.suggestedC.reflectD.enhance【答案】A【解析】考查動詞辨析。register“登記；記錄；（用表情等）流露出”; suggest“提議;建議；暗示”；reflect

2、“反映;反射;照出”；enhance“提髙；加強；增加”。句意：當(dāng)他看到那個黑人女孩的遭遇吋，他臉上流露出極其反對和不滿的表情。由face以及 extreme disapproval and dissatisfaction“極其反對和不滿的情緒”可知，他應(yīng)該是流露出這種情感。故A項正確。2.單選題（ ）she was living in London that she met her husband Terry.問題1選項A.Just whenB.During the time whenC.Soon afterD.It was while【答案】D【解析】考查強調(diào)句型。強調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)為it is

3、+被強調(diào)部分+that. 故D項正確。句意：她住在倫敦的時候遇見了她的丈夫Terry.3.單選題With the combination of intelligence and （ ）skills, people have found ways to use plant and animal resources, mineral ores, fuels, and many other of Earths materials and resources.問題1選項A.plausibleB.elegantC.exteriorD.manual【答案】D【解析】考查形容詞辨析。plausible“看似

4、可信的，花言巧語的”；elegant“優(yōu)雅的”；exterior“外部的，外面的”；manual“體力的，手控的”。句意：通過智慧和動手技巧，人們已經(jīng)找到了利用動植物資源、礦石、燃料以及地球上許多其他物質(zhì)和資源的方法。只有D項符合句意。4.論述題Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the remark Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass You can give examples to

5、 illustrate your point and then explain what you will do to make your life more meaningful. You should write at least 200 words. Put your essay on Answer Sheet.Part I Cloze 【答案】略5.翻譯題Directions: For this section, you are asked to read the following short passage first and then to write a composition

6、 entitled Which one Do You Think Is More Important, Pleasure or Longevity? You should not copy any of the sentences in the following passage. You should write no less than 150 words. Remember to write clearly on the ANSWER SHEET. （15%） （Just for your reference）People are almost phobic（恐懼癥）about havi

7、ng fun. increasingly viewing themselves as fragile, vulnerable, ready to develop cancer or heart disease at the slightest provocation（刺激）. In the name of health, people give up many of their life enjoyments. We have no quarrel with the evidence that some pleasures, like cigarette smoking, high alcoh

8、ol consumption, addictive drugs, driving much too fast, are unhealthy and should be knocked off. But worrying too much about anything including calories, salt, cancer, and cholesterol（膽固醇）-can rob your life of vitality. Living optimistically, with pleasure, zest, and commitment enriches if not lengt

9、hens life.Do you agree to the above point of view? Which one do you think is more important, pleasure or longevity （長壽）? Give your own comments and write them down on the ANSWER SHEET.【答案】略6.單選題It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life, but manne

10、rs on the roads are becoming horrible. You might tolerate the rude and inconsiderate drivers, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule. Perhaps the situation calls for a “Be Kind to Other Drivers campaign, otherwise, it may get completely out of hand.34. Road politeness i

11、s not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behaviors. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards relieving the tensions of motoring. A friendly nod or a

12、wave of acknowledgment in response to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modern traffic conditions. But such acknowledgments of politeness are all too rare today. Many drivers nowadays dont even seem able to recognize politeness when they see

13、 it.However, improper politeness can also be dangerous. A typical example is the driver who waves a child across a crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to slop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they care to.A veteran d

14、river, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if motorists learn to filter correctly into traffic streams without causing the total blockages that give rise to bad temper.Unfortunately, modern motorists cant even learn to drive let alone be well-mannered on the road. Years ago the expert

15、s warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.1. According to this passage, troubles on the road are primarily caused by（ ）.2. The sentence “You might tolerate the rude and inconside

16、rate driver, but nowadays the well mannered motorist is the exception to the rule” implies that（ ）.3. By “good sense （Paragraph2）, the writer means（ ）.4. Experts have long pointed out that in the face of car-ownership explosion（ ）.5. In the writers opinion（ ）.問題1選項A.peoples attitude towards driversB

17、.the rhythm of modern lifeC.traffic conditionsD.the behavior of the driver問題2選項A.our society is unjust towards well-mannered motoristsB.rude driers can be met only occasionallyC.nowadays impolite drivers constitute the majority of motoristsD.the well-mannered motorist cannot tolerate the rude driver

18、問題3選項A.the drivers prompt response to difficult conditionsB.the drivers ability to understand and react reasonablyC.the drivers tolerance of had road conditionsD.the drivers acknowledgment of politeness and regulations問題4選項A.rivers should be ready to yield to on anotherB.road users should make more

19、sacrificesC.drivers should have more communication among themselvesD.drivers will suffer a great loss if they pay no respect to others問題5選項A.drivers should apply road politeness properlyB.strict traffic regulations are badly neededC.rude and inconsiderate drivers should be punishedD.drivers should t

20、ry their best to avoid traffic jams【答案】第1題:D第2題:C第3題:B第4題:A第5題:A【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由第一段It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible. You might tolerate the rude and inconsiderate drivers, but nowadays the wel

21、l-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule. 將這一切歸咎于交通堵塞、汽油價格和現(xiàn)代生活的快節(jié)奏是很有道理的，但道路上的禮儀正變得可怕。你可能會容忍粗魯和不顧他人的司機，但現(xiàn)在有禮貌的司機是個例外?？芍髡哒J(rèn)為交通阻塞是由于司機的不良行為造成的，故D項正確。2.推理判斷題。You might tolerate the rude and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well mannered motorist is the exception to the rule. 你可能會容忍粗魯和不顧他

22、人的司機，但現(xiàn)在有禮貌的司機是例外。這句話的言外之意就是當(dāng)今不禮貌的司機占大多數(shù)。故C項正確。3.推理判斷題。Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behaviors. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a l

23、ong way towards relieving the tensions of motoring. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgment in response to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modern traffic conditions. 道路禮貌不僅是禮貌，也是良好的感覺。它讓頭腦最冷靜、脾氣最好的司機，在遭遇不文明行為時，也要抵制住報復(fù)的誘惑。另一方面，一點點禮貌就能大大緩

24、解開車時的緊張情緒。對禮貌行為的友好點頭或招手有助于創(chuàng)造友好和寬容的氛圍，這在現(xiàn)代交通條件下是非常必要的。由此下文可知good sense是指司機對于禮貌行為合理地理解并作出回應(yīng)的能力。故B項正確。4.推理判斷題。由最后一段“Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart. 幾年

25、前，專家們警告我們，汽車擁有量的激增將要求所有道路使用者進行更多的互讓?，F(xiàn)在是我們所有人牢記這一信息的時候了?！笨芍谄嚥粩嘣龆嗟那闆r下，要求道路使用者互讓。故A項正確。5.主旨大意題。本文主要講述了隨著汽車數(shù)量激增，加之司機的不禮貌的行為導(dǎo)致道路阻塞的情況很嚴(yán)重，作者呼吁司機應(yīng)該要有禮貌，并對禮貌行為做出適當(dāng)回應(yīng)。7.填空題The chemical（ ） （fertile） is widely used in the rural area.【答案】fertilizer【解析】放在形容詞后，故用名詞形式。8.單選題The first priority is to（ ） a good refe

26、rence book to identify the pest and choose the most effective control.問題1選項A.concedeB.conciseC.consentD.consult【答案】D【解析】考查形近詞辨析。concede v.“承認(rèn)；退讓”；concise“簡明的；簡潔的”；consent“同意；贊成”；consult“査閱；商量”。由空后的a good reference book“一本好的參考書”可知D項正確。consult a reference book查閱參考書。句意：首要任務(wù)就是查閱好的參考書來確定害蟲并選擇最有效的控制方法。9.單

27、選題There （ ） milk left in the refrigerator.問題1選項A.arent anyB.arent someC.isnt anyD.isnt some【答案】C【解析】考查語法。milk為不可數(shù)名詞，any用于否定句。故C項正確。句意：冰箱里沒有牛奶了。10.單選題The old professor has had the flu for a long time but he has finally （ ） and is back in the office.問題1選項A.got overB.got over itC.got throughD.got up it

28、【答案】B【解析】考查詞組辨析。get over“克服;恢復(fù)”，后面接賓語；get through“通過；到 達”；get up “起床”由后半句“is back in the office回到辦公室”可知，教授的病好了，恢復(fù)了健康，故B項正確。句意：這位老教授患流感很長時間了，但是最終他恢復(fù)了，并且回到了辦公室。11.單選題Between about 1910 and 1930, new artistic movements in European art were making themselves felt in the United States. American artists b

29、ecame acquainted with the new alt on their trips to Paris and at the exhibitions in the famous New York gallery b291t （named after its address on Fifth Avenue） of the photographer Mired Stieglitz. But most important in the spread of the modern movements in the United States was the sensational Armor

30、y Show of 1913 held in New York, in which the works of many of the leading European artists were seen along with the works of a number of progressive American painters.Several of the American modernists who were influenced by the Armory Show found the urban Landscape, especially New York, an appeali

31、ng subject. Compared with the works of the realist painters, the works of American modernists were much further removed from the actual appearance of the city; they were more interested in the “feel” of the city，more concerned with the meaning behind appearance. However, both the painters of the “As

32、h Can School”and the later realists were still tied to nineteenth-century or earlier styles, while the early modernists shared in the international breakthroughs of the art of the twentieth century.The greatest of these breakthroughs was Cubism, developed most fully in France between 1907 and 1914,

33、which brought about a major revolution in Western painting. It overturned the rational tradition that had been built upon since the Renaissance, In Cubism, natural forms were broken down analytically into geometric shapes. No longer was a clear differentiation made between the figure and the backgro

34、und of a painting; the objects represented and the surface on which they were painted became one. The Cubists abandoned the conventional single vantage point of the viewer, and objects depicted from multiple viewpoints were shown at the same time.1. With what topic is the passage primarily concerned

35、?2. It can be inferred from the passage that European art trends probably affected United States art most during which of the following years?3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a means through which American artists learned about new movements?4. Why does the author mention Alfred Stiegli

36、tz?5. According to the author, which of the following was a favorite subject for American modernists?問題1選項A.The development of Cubism.B.Modern art movements in the United Sates.C.Contemporary artists in the United States.D.The influence of photography on landscape painters.問題2選項A.1901B.1908C.1913D.1

37、936問題3選項A.Lessons from successful artists.B.The exhibitions at the gallery “291”.C.Trips to Europe.D.The Armory Show of 1913.問題4選項A.To demonstrate that photography was the major influence in modern art.B.To compare him to other artists of the time.C.To point out that many artist learned their craft

38、by studying with him.D.To give an example of someone who had an influence on modern art.問題5選項A.Portraits of famous people.B.Country scenes.C.Pictures of buildings interiors.D.City landscapes.【答案】第1題:B第2題:C第3題:A第4題:D第5題:D【解析】1.本文第一句話就點明了“從1910年到1930年，歐洲藝術(shù)的新運動開始在美國產(chǎn)生影響?！北疚闹饕v述了現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)運動在美國的興起到高潮，從紐約畫廊的啟發(fā)

39、到立體派的重大突破，都是圍繞美國的現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)運動而展開的，故本文的主題就是美國的現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)運動。故B項正確。.2主旨大意題。由第一段“But most important in the spread of the modern movements in the United States was the sensational Armory Show of 1913 held in New York, in which the works of many of the leading European artists were seen along with the works of a numb

40、er of progressive American painters. 但是，對美國現(xiàn)代運動的傳播最重要的是1913年在紐約舉行的轟動一時的軍械庫展覽，在這次展覽中，許多歐洲著名藝術(shù)家的作品和一些進步的美國畫家的作品一起展出?？芍绊懽畲蟮氖前l(fā)生在1913年的軍械庫展覽。故C項正確。3.推理判斷題。由第一段American artists became acquainted with the new alt on their trips to Paris and at the exhibitions in the famous New York gallery b291t (named af

41、ter its address on Fifth Avenue) of the photographer Mired Stieglitz. 美國藝術(shù)家在去巴黎的旅行中，在紐約著名的b291t畫廊(以第五大道的地址命名)舉辦的攝影家Stieglitz的展覽中，開始了解這種新的藝術(shù)?？芍狟C兩項在文中有都有提及；D項在“But most important in the spread of the modern movements in the United States was the sensational Armory Show of 1913 held in New York, 但是，對現(xiàn)

42、代運動在美國的傳播最重要的是1913年在紐約舉行的轟動一時的軍械庫展覽”有提及。故只有A項沒提到。4.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞Alfred Stieglitz 定位到第一段American artists became acquainted with the new alt on their trips to Paris and at the exhibitions in the famous New York gallery b291t (named after its address on Fifth Avenue) of the photographer Mired Stieglitz.

43、 美國藝術(shù)家在去巴黎的旅行中，在紐約著名的b291t畫廊(以第五大道的地址命名)舉辦的攝影家Stieglitz的展覽中，開始了解這種新的藝術(shù)?？芍狝lfred Stieglitz是紐約畫廊的攝影師，他是影響現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)運動的攝影家之一。故D項“舉一個對現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)有影響的人的例子”正確。5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由第二段Several of the American modernists who were influenced by the Armory Show found the urban Landscape, especially New York, an appealing subject. 一些受軍

44、械庫展覽影響的美國現(xiàn)代主義者發(fā)現(xiàn)城市景觀，尤其是紐約，是一個吸引人的主題。可知D項“城市風(fēng)景”是美國現(xiàn)代主義者喜歡的主題。12.單選題You arent going to the library, are you? （ ）, Im not going to the library.問題1選項A.YesB.NoC.OKD.All right【答案】B【解析】考查反義疑問句。反義疑問句的回答根據(jù)實際情況作答，空格后為否定的情況，故用No.B項正確。13.單選題They may often have to （ ） social evenings and holidays because of the

45、ir busy work.問題1選項A.forgoB.forfeitC.abandonD.forgive【答案】A【解析】考查動詞辨析。forgo“放棄；停止；斷念”；forfeit“（因犯罪、失職、 違約等）喪失（權(quán)利、名譽、生命等）”；abandon“遺棄；放棄”；forgive“原諒”。句意：由于忙碌的工作他們不得不放棄社交晚宴和假期。由because of their busy work可知他們放棄了社交晚宴和假期，故A項正確。14.單選題（ ）, over the months, we began to get to know him.問題1選項A.Once in a whileB.

46、From time to timeC.Every now and thenD.Little by little【答案】D【解析】考查詞組辨析。once in a while“偶爾，有時”；from time to time“不時，有時”；every now and then“不時地，常?！?；little by little“漸漸，逐漸地”。句意：經(jīng)過幾個月時間，我們漸漸地了解了他。由over the months,以及began to know可知D項“漸漸地”符合題意。15.單選題Even though the Red Cross had（ ） large sum for the relie

47、f of the sufferers of the disaster, many people perished.問題1選項A.alienatedB.alternatedC.allocatedD.ascertained【答案】C【解析】考查動詞辨析。alienate使疏遠(yuǎn)，離間；alternate交替，輪流；allocate分配；ascertain確定，查明。能與large sum搭配的只有分配。故C項正確。句意：盡管紅十字會劃撥了一大筆款項來緩解遭受災(zāi)難的人們，但仍有很多人因這場災(zāi)難而死亡。16.單選題The more people are jammed together, the more

48、（ ）and irrational they become.問題1選項A.mechanicalB.liableC.hostileD.earnest【答案】C【解析】考查形容詞辨析。mechanical“機械的，力學(xué)的”；liable“容易的”；hostile“對有敵意的”；earnest“認(rèn)真的，熱心的”。句意：越多人堵在一起，他們就變得越（ ）和越缺乏理性。and表并列，由and后面的irrational可知空格處應(yīng)填貶義詞，只有C項是貶義詞，故C項正確。17.單選題Actually, recycling is one of the least important things we can

49、 do, if our real （ ） is to preserve natural resources.問題1選項A.subjectionB.objectiveC.excitementD.inclusion【答案】B【解析】考查名詞辨析。subjection“隸屬，服從，征服”；objective“目的，目標(biāo)”；excitement“興奮，刺激”；inclusion“包含，內(nèi)含物”。句意：事實上，回收利用是我們能做的最不重要的事情之一，如果我們的真正（ ）是保護自然資源的話。由不定式to preserve natural resources可知這是一種目的，故B項正確。18.翻譯題學(xué)問是自

50、己的事，不能依靠別人。環(huán)境好，圖書設(shè)備充足，有良師益友指導(dǎo)啟發(fā)， 當(dāng)然有很大的幫助，但是這些條件具備，也不一定能保證一個人在學(xué)問上就有成就。世間也有不少在學(xué)問上有成就的人，并不具備這些條件。最重要的因素，還是個人自己的 努力。求學(xué)是一件艱苦的事，許多人不能忍受那必經(jīng)的艱苦，所以不能得到成功?！敬鸢浮縇earning is ones own business, and one can not rely on others. Obviously it will be very helpful to learn knowledge if one has good conditions, such a

51、s good environment, enough books and equipment and guidance and enlightenments from scholarly mentors and beneficial friends. However, even if these conditions are provided, it is not sure that one will have success in learning. There are many people making achievement in learning with no those cond

52、itions. The most important factor in learning lies in the individuals own endeavor. Learning is tough, and many people can not bear the hardship they must experience, so that they can not achieve success.19.單選題Egyptian authorities are trying to prevent their historical monuments from succumbing to t

53、he ravages of time.問題1選項A.standing byB.counting onC.yielding toD.holding up【答案】C【解析】考查詞組辨析?！癶istorical monuments 歷史遺跡”與the ravages of time時間的摧殘之間的關(guān)系是時間能摧殘歷史遺跡。句意：埃及政府正努力阻止歷史遺跡（ ）時間的摧殘?？赏茢喑鰏uccumbing to是屈服的意思。stand by支持，袖手旁觀；count on依賴，依靠；yield to屈服，讓步；hold up舉起，阻擋。故C項正確。20.單選題The natural disasters h

54、ave immeasurably （ ） the social and economic development of our country.問題1選項A.impressedB.affectedC.effectedD.interfered【答案】B【解析】考查動詞辨析。impress“給予某人深刻印象”；affect“影響；感染；”; effect“產(chǎn)生; 達到目的”；interfere“沖突;介入”。句意：自然災(zāi)害會對我們國家的社會和經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)生不可估量的影響。由natural disasters可推知自然災(zāi)害會對經(jīng)濟和社會產(chǎn)生影響。故B項正確。21.單選題This problem shoul

55、d be discussed first, for it takes（ ）over all the other issues.問題1選項A.precedenceB.prosperityC.presumptionD.probability【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。take precedence優(yōu)先，具有/獲得優(yōu)先權(quán)。句意：應(yīng)該首先討論這個問題，因為它優(yōu)先于所有問題。prosperity繁榮，成功；presumption放肆，傲慢；probalility概率，幾率。答案A。22.填空題How Marketers Target KidsA Kids represent an important

56、 demographic to marketers because they have their own purchasing power, they influence their parents buying decisions and they are the adult consumers of the future. Industry spending on advertising to children has exploded in the past decade, increasing from a mere $100 million in 1990 to more than

57、 $2 billion in 2000.B Parents today are willing to buy more for their kids because trends such as smaller family size, dual incomes and postponing children until later in life mean that families have more disposable income. As well, guilt can play a role in spending decisions as time-stressed parent

58、s substitute material goods for time spent with their kids. Here are some of the strategies marketers employ to target kids:Pester PowerC Todays kids have more autonomy and decision-making power within the family than in previous generations, so it follows that kids are vocal about what they want th

59、eir parents to buy. Pester power refers to childrens ability to nag their parents into purchasing items they may not otherwise buy. Marketing to children is all about creating pester power, because advertisers know what a powerful force it can be.D According to the 2001 marketing industry book Kidfl

60、uence, pestering or nagging can be divided into two categories“persistence” and importance. Persistence nagging （a plea that is repeated over and over again） is not as effective as the more sophisticate “importance nagging. This latter method appeals to parents desire to provide the best for their c