英語語法實訓教程unit11-連接詞課件

1、英語語法實訓教程unit11-連接詞課件 I. Grammar Learning II. Grammar Practice Unit 11Connectives連接詞 Unit 11ConnGrammar Learning1. Introduction of Connectives 2. Types of Connectives 3. ExamplesGrammar Learning1. Introducti1. Introduction of Attributive Clauses Connectives are words or phrases to connect words, phra

2、ses or sentences, and also to link or extend ideas and paragraphs. 連接詞，也稱為接續(xù)詞，是指在詞與詞、短語與短語、句子與句子之間行使連接功能的詞，也是延伸意念和段落的詞或詞組。1. Introduction of Attributive2. Types of Connectives coordinators or coordinating conjunctionssubordinators or subordinating conjunctionstransition words 2. Types of Connectives

3、 3. Examples 3.1 并列連詞或協(xié)同連詞 (Coordinating Conjunctions) (CC) 常用的并列連詞有for, and, or, so, but, nor, yet , or else, whereas, as well as, both.and, not only.but also, either.or, neither.nor。 Time and tide wait for no man. We have received your telegram as well as your letter of 20th May. Both the wheat an

4、d the barley will be shipped tomorrow. The car was quite old but in excellent condition. Either you are mad or I am.3. Examples 3.1 并列連詞或協(xié)同連詞 He moved steadily, looking neither left nor right. It was not only unkind but also untrue. The rain began to fall, so we went home. Be quick, or it may be too

5、 late. Some people like strong tobacco, whereas/while others dont. He decided to leave at dawn, for he had many miles to cover. He moved steadily, looking 3.2 從屬連接詞（Subordinating Conjunctions）1）時間狀語從句：when, while, as, before, after, until, till, as long as, whenever2）條件狀語從句：if, unless, so long as, s

6、upposing, provided (ing), suppose3）目的狀語從句：in order that, so that, lest 4）結果狀語從句：so.that, such.that, so that, so5）原因狀語從句：because, as, since6）讓步狀語從句：although, though, even though (if), while7）方式狀語從句：as, the way, as though (if)8）地點狀語從句：where, wherever9）比較狀語從句：than, as 3.2 從屬連接詞（Subordinating ConjuThe n

7、ovel became even more popular after it was madeinto a movie.As winter approached, the days became shorter.How can you leave before the film is over?Until Mary leaves, wed better not discuss it.The moment the speaker appeared on the platform, we allstood up and clapped warmly.As I have not read the b

8、ook, I cannot tell you anything.Now that you are here, youd better stay. He knows English perfectly though/although he has never been to England.Sick as he was, he came to work. The novel became even more popThat is wrong, no matter who says it.whether we go or whether we stay, the result is the sam

9、e.If I were you, I would give him a hand.In case you see him, ask him about it.I will wash the dress so that you can wear it.He stopped there as if he were petrified with terror.I will do it as you told me.As far as I am concerned, I know nothing about it.He is cleverer than us all.As he predicted,

10、the wind changed.I strongly believe that he is innocent.That is wrong, no matter who s3.3 過渡詞或傳遞詞（Transition words ） 過渡詞或傳遞詞和并列連詞有類似的作用，但是，不能相互替代。傳遞詞更強調在段落里使用。英語是典型的“樹式語言”，相對于漢語的“竹式語言”，英語段落的拓展更強調前后句子的連貫。傳遞詞就是英語段落連貫的紐帶。 Sequence or time：first(ly), at first, first of all, to begin with, initially, sec

11、ondly, then, next, subsequently, finally, at last, ultimately, in the end, eventually, at length, afterwards, meanwhile, previously, formerly, prior to, soon, later, before, during, then, at this time, at this point, so farSpace: here, there, on the left, on the right, close to, opposite to, in the

12、distance, next to, nearby, below, before, above, at the end of3.3 過渡詞或傳遞詞（Transition words ）Addition: and, also, too, again, and then, furthermore, moreover, whats more, in addition, additionally, besides, as well Comparison/contrast: equally, similarly, in the same way, likewise, on the contrary, u

13、nlike, in contrast, by comparison, conversely, on the other hand, and however, yet, but, nevertheless, alternatively, despite this, as for, still, instead, otherwise, apart from, the former.the latter.Cause and effect: consequently, thus, hence, as a result, therefore, accordingly, as a consequence,

14、 therefore, owing to, due to, thanks toAddition: and, also, too, agaiIllustration: for example, for instance, such as, as, as revealed by, o show that, to take the case of, to illustrate, to demonstrate, take.for an example, in this case, especially, illustrated with, as an example, for one thingEmp

15、hasis: above all, particular, in particular, more importantly, anyway/anyhow, especially, indeed, notably, specifically, significantly, in fact, actuallyPersuasion: of course, naturally, obviously, clearly, evidently, surely, certainly Restatement: namely, in other words, that is, that is to say, to

16、 put it differentlyGeneralization: as a rule, as usual, generally, generally speaking, usuallyIllustration: for example, forSummary: in summary, in short, in brief, in a word, on the whole, to sum up, in conclusion, to conclude, to summarize, (all) in all, as has been mentioned, throughout, overall

17、e.g. Each of the US manned space exploration projects had specific major goals. For example, the Mercury project was designed to test whether or not human beings could survive and function in outer space. In addition, the Mercury project tested rockets with the new Mercury space capsule, which could

18、 hold one person. As another example, the Gemini project was intended to find out whether two people could work in the weightless environment of space. . Finally, the Apollo project, with three astronauts, had the goal of testing spacecraft and skills.Summary: in summary, in short,Grammar PracticeCa

19、se StudySample 1Sample 2Sample 3Grammar PracticeCase StudySample 1A) Dear Sir or Madam, This letter is to inform you 1) _ from our rented location on May 31. Our business has grown to the point 2) _ for inventory 3) _. 4) _ the provisions in the written contract, we will vacate the building during t

20、he last week of May, 5) _ you can conduct a final inspection 6) _. 7) _ _,all payments and fees are paid up. Please call me at 555-5555 8) _.Sincerely yours, that we will be movingwhere we need more spaceand floor modelsIn accordance withsoat that timeAccording toour recordsif you have questionsSamp

21、le 1A)that we will be moviSample 1A) 親愛的先生/女士: 這封信是為了通知你們，5月31日我們會從我們租下的位置搬出。由于業(yè)務的發(fā)展，我們需要更多的空間庫存產品和屯放模型。 按照書面合同的規(guī)定，我們將在五月的最后一周撤場。你們可以在那個時候進行最后的檢查。根據我們的記錄，所有的款項和費用都已付清。如果有何疑問，請打我的電話555-5555。您真誠的,Sample 1A)Sample 1B) Dear Sir or Madam, 1)_ on May 30, this is our official notice of lease termination. 2

22、) _ the heating continues to be inadequate 3) _, we are not willing to absorb another rent increase. We will leave the apartment as clean 4) _. _.We are confident you will return 5) _, per our contract. 6) _, please reach me at my office telephone number, 555-5555. Sincerely yours, Since we will be

23、moving from your apartmentBecauseand the leaking faucets persistas it was when wemoved inour whole cleaning depositAfter May 30, if necessarySample 1B) Dear Sir or Madam,SSample 1B) 親愛的先生/女士: 由于我們將從您的公寓在5月30日搬出，這是我們的正式終止租約的通知。因為暖氣仍然不足，水龍頭不停漏水，大家都不愿意繼續(xù)租下去。我們會搞好公寓的衛(wèi)生工作，使其清潔如初。我們相信你會依照我們的合同全額返還我們的清潔押金。

24、5月30日之后，有事請撥打我的辦公室電話號碼555-5555。 您真誠的,Sample 1B)Sample 2Dear Sir or Madam, I regret having to cancel my reservation for the weekend of February 12 and 13. Complications at work have forced me to put my personal plans on hold for a short time. 1_ I plan to make another reservation soon, I hope 2_ you

25、will apply the fee 3_I paid toward that new one. Thank you for your kind service 4_ your accommodation. Sincerely yours, John SmithSince that that and Combine the different elements in the blank to form correct sentences Sample 2Dear Sir or Madam, SinSample 2 親愛的先生/女士： 非常抱歉我要取消2月12日到13日周末的預訂。因為工作上的變

26、動，我不得不將個人計劃暫時擱置。因為不久還會再預訂，所以我希望您能把這次我已支付的費用挪到下次。 謝謝您周到的服務以及對此做出的調整。您真誠的約翰史密斯Sample 2 親愛的先生/女士：Sample 3Sort out the connectives in the text according to the types A)Dear Sir or Madam, The time has come to thank you for your excellent work and toInform you that our contract for your housekeeping servi

27、ces will end onMay 31. Although I prefer to renew the contract, my children are gettingolder and they need to learn to do chores. You may be interested to know that I have recommended you tofriends. I am sure they will appreciate your efficiency as much as I have. Sincerely yours, Coordinating conju

28、nction:Subordinating conjunction:Transition words: and; andthat; although; that; asSample 3Sort out the connectivSample 3A) 親愛的先生/女士： 非常感謝您的出色工作。同時我得通知您，您在我們家的家政服務的合同將于5月31日結束。 雖然我很想續(xù)簽合同，但我的孩子年紀越來越大，他們需要學會做家務。 您可能有興趣知道，我已把你推薦給朋友。我相信，他們會和我一樣，都很欣賞您的工作效率。 您真誠的Sample 3A)Sample 3B) Dear Sir or Madam, Alt

29、hough this news may come as a bit of a shock to you, John and I are having second thoughts about our wedding and, therefore, have decided it would be best for us to postpone it until we are sure about what we want. We know you have sacrificed a lot to take the time off work and to purchase the plane

30、 tickets, and we are truly sorry for your trouble. Sincerely yours, Coordinating conjunction:Subordinating conjunction:Transition words:and; and; and; and although; as; until; what; therefore; trulySample 3B)and; and; and; and aSample 3B) 親愛的先生/女士： 雖然你對這一消息可能感到有點震驚。但是我和約翰經再三考慮決定推遲舉行我們的婚禮，因為我們還不能確信我們

31、真正想要什么。 我們知道，你犧牲了不少的休息時間去購買機票。為此我們深表抱歉。 您真誠的Sample 3B)Task 1 Rewrite the sentences underlined according to the requirements. Dear Sir or Madam, We were pleased. You accepted our invitation to our July 10 dinner party. We hope you can understand how disappointed we are to cancel it. Few things would

32、cause us to cancel a party. Our son has just announced his engagement. The happy couple has decided to get married on that weekend. Sincerely yours,用兩個連接詞把句子連接成一個句子：2) 用兩個連接詞把句子連接成一個句子：We were pleased when you accepted our invitation to our July 10 dinner party, so we hope you can understand how dis

33、appointed we are to cancel it. Few things would cause us to cancel a party, but our son has just announced his engagement, and the happy couple has decided to get married on that weekend.Task 1 Rewrite the sentenTask 1 親愛的先生/女士 我們很高興您接受了我們七月十號共進晚宴的邀請。但是，我們要取消這個晚宴，為此我們深感遺憾并希望得到您的理解。有幾件事情迫使我們不得不取消這個宴會

34、，但主要原因是，我們的兒子宣布了他的訂婚，而且這幸福的一對又決定在同一個周末舉行婚禮。您真誠的Task 1 親愛的先生/女士Task 2 Correct the mistakes in the following passages. Dear sir or Madam, I am sorry for I will be unable to schedule a time to meet with you next Thursday to discuss your career plans. You know. This month is the busiest time of year for

35、 us. I will be away on a buying trip. Please contact my secretary to schedule another appointment. I should be back in town on May 15. Things slow down a bit. I will be pleased to meet with you. Sincerely yours,Task 2 Correct the mistakes Task 2 Dear sir or Madam, I am sorry that I will be unable to

36、 schedule a time to meet with you next Thursday to discuss your career plans. As you know, this month is the busiest time of year for us, and I will be away on a buying trip. Please contact my secretary to schedule another appointment. I should be back in town on May 15. I will be pleased to meet wi

37、th you after things slow down a bit.Sincerely yours,Task 2 Dear sir or Madam,Task 2 親愛的先生/女士 我很抱歉，下周四沒有時間與大家見面討論職業(yè)計劃問題。你們都知道，這個月是我們一年中最忙的時候，我要出差采購。請聯(lián)系我的秘書，安排另一次約見。5月15日我應該采購歸來。事情閑下來一點，我將樂意與大家見面。 您真誠的Task 2 親愛的先生/女士Task 3 (1) Complete the following sentences based on the requirements. Dear Sir or Mad

38、am: I wish to advise you _ _（我不參加三藩市八月的大會）, _ （而且最后不可能以保險業(yè)理事身份出席會議）. I have been ill _ _（接下來兩個月還要每日治病）. I regret my inability to assist you, _ _（只能夠盼望與你在其他項目合作）. that I will not be attending the Augustconvention in San Franciscoand will consequently be unable to participate as a member of the panel on insurance for businessesand will require daily treatments for the next two monthsbut do look forward toworking with you on other projectsTask 3 (1) Complete the folTask 3