環(huán)境水化學(xué)-緒論

1、Environmental Aquatic Chemistry緒論（Introduction） 2巢湖，2013,7青海湖課程目標化學(xué)原理認識水環(huán)境 what、why 組成、形態(tài)、轉(zhuǎn)化、效應(yīng)定量平衡與動力學(xué)過程求解 how應(yīng)用水處理與水環(huán)境修復(fù)34成績評定平時成績30%：作業(yè)、參與課程、出勤小論文30%期末40%5參考書目Brezonik P L, Arnold W A. Water Chemistry：An Introduction to the Chemistry of Natural and Engineered Aquatic Systems. Oxford University Pr

2、ess, New York, 2011. （教材）Stumm W, Morgan J J. Aquatic Chemistry: Chemical Equilibria and Rates in Natural Water (3ed). John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1996. 斯塔姆等，湯鴻霄等譯。水化學(xué)?？茖W(xué)出版社，北京，1987。湯鴻霄。環(huán)境水化學(xué)綱要。 環(huán)境科學(xué)叢刊，1988。陳靜生。水環(huán)境化學(xué)。高等教育出版社，北京，1988。期刊論文等。6Werner StummPh. D, 1952, inorganic chemistry,University ofZ

3、rich1953-1969, Harvard University1970-1992, Head of the Swiss Federal Water Resources Centre（EAWAG）(1924-1999) 78Albert Einstein World Award of Science(1985)Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement(1986)-國際環(huán)境科學(xué)最高獎Stockholm Water Prize(1999)V.M. Goldschmidt Medal(1999)-美國地球化學(xué)學(xué)會最高獎910James J. MorganM

4、arvin L. Goldberger Professor of EnvironmentalEngineering Science, EmeritusCalifornia Institute of Technology ，美國工程院院士b. 1932B.C.E. 1954, Manhattan CollegeM.S.E. 1956, University of MichiganM.A. 1962 and Ph.D. 1964, Harvard UniversityD.Sc.H.C. 1989, Manhattan College 1966，Environmental Science and T

5、echnology 首任主編11Patrick L. BrezonikEducation:B.S., 1963, Chemistry, Marquette UniversityM.S., 1965, Water Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-MadisonPh.D., 1968, Water Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-MadisonExperience:Assistant, Associate, and Full Professor, Department of Environmental Engineerin

6、g Sciences, University of Florida, 1966-81Guest Professor, EAWAG-Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland, 1971-72 and summer, 1980Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1981-2010.Program Director for Environmental Engineering, National Science F

7、oundation, Arlington, VA, 2004-200712Research Interests(1) mercury biogeochemistry (2) applications of remote sensing (mainly satellite imagery) to evaluate lake quality(3) coupled biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in urban and agricultural systems (4) small-scale nutrient cyc

8、ling processes in soil-sediment-water systems. 其他相關(guān)課本16Franois M. M. MorelJanet G. HeringMark Benjamin （ James O.Leckie-Stumm）14HeringBenjaminLeckieLeeBrezonikMorelMorganStumm15環(huán)境水化學(xué)研究圣地瑞士聯(lián)邦水質(zhì)科學(xué)技術(shù)研究所EAWAG16EAWAG主要研究領(lǐng)域Firmly anchored in its home country of Switzerland, but with a global network, Eawa

9、g is concerned with concepts and technologies for dealing sustainably with water bodies and with water as a resource. In collaboration with universities, other research institutions, public bodies, industry and non-governmental organisations, Eawag works to harmonise ecological, economic and social

10、interests in respect of water usage. The Institute thus serves as a bridge between the scientific world and the real world. 1718污水廠升級改造河岸過濾與供水19環(huán)境水化學(xué)發(fā)展歷程萌芽期（1960年以前）：從屬地位轉(zhuǎn)折與發(fā)展（1961-1970年）。Silln The Physical Chemistry of Seawater，學(xué)科自身學(xué)術(shù)價值 平衡觀點、Geotitration、speciationStumm （哈佛）和Lee （威斯康辛）熱力學(xué)與動力學(xué)學(xué)科建立。1

11、970, Stumm & Morgan, Aquatic Chemistry2021名字由來1925，Water, Sewage, and Sanitation Chemistry1958，Water, Air, and Waste Chemistry1973，Environmental Chemistry1962，Lee 科研項目water chemistry1965，會議Principles and Applications of Water Chemistry1967，Stumm Equilibrium Concepts in Natural Waters1970，Aquatic che

12、mistry: An introduction emphasizing chemical equilibria in natural waters22Stumm設(shè)想Aquatic Chemistry的兩條研究路線：歐美院系開展water treatment chemistryScandinavia院系和USGS開展hydrochemistry23what he wanted to do, and what we discussed, was to try to blendgive a sense of the unity of applications of chemistry to envi

13、ronmental problems, whether it was a lake, groundwater, an estuary, a river, or a treatment plant. And the argument we made was that aquatic systems, whether theyre engineered or natural, are going to be guided by very much the same core body of principles: acid/base chemistry, solubility, precipita

14、tion, electron transfer, complex formation. And the choice of “aquatic chemistry” as a title was not a frivolous（輕率的） choice; it was an attempt to say, “This is what were going to embrace. Were going to embrace the chemistry of the aquatic environment whether its contained in a treatment plant or wh

15、ether its out there.” -Morgan JJ口述（ P73）24概念討論 Water Chemistry & Aquatic Chemistry 水環(huán)境化學(xué)與環(huán)境水化學(xué)環(huán)境水質(zhì)學(xué)25Aquatic Environmental ChemistryEnvironmental Aquatic ChemistryAqueous Environmental ChemistryEnvironmental Aqueous GeochemistryEnvironmental Water ChemistryWater Environmental Chemistry26本課程主要內(nèi)容酸-堿平衡

16、沉淀-溶解配位化學(xué)氧化還原反應(yīng)表面化學(xué)與吸附水體顆粒物水體光解反應(yīng)水體有機污染物27專題討論VMINEQL軟件金屬離子形態(tài)與生物有效性天然有機質(zhì)（NOM）沉積物質(zhì)量營養(yǎng)元素（N、P）循環(huán)28環(huán)境水化學(xué)的學(xué)科地位Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46, 56505657HOW HAS WATER CHEMISTRY CHANGED OVER THE PAST 50 YEARSenvironmental quality and pollution issues that had a chemical focus advances in scientific approach

17、es and Technologyadvances within the field that led to new areas or ways to study existing areas29303132Anal. Chem. 2011, 83, 46144648一些持續(xù)的主題the chemical behavior of nutrients and trace metals kinetics of iron and manganese redox Reactionsthe chemical nature and behavior of NOM3334Environ. Sci. Tech

18、nol. 2013, 47, 11881189Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45, 31963201published 2013Environ. Sci. Technol. 2013, 47, 120731208035天然水體組成常用濃度單位摩爾濃度molarity，mol/L or M (but never M/L)質(zhì)量摩爾濃度molality (m)當(dāng)量normality (N或eq/L)堿度Alkalinitymg/L as N or P (or mg N/L; mg P/L) OCl(mg/L as Cl) = mM of OCl 2 35.4536Sources of major and minor ionsNatural： terrestrial and atmospheric weathering reactions of rocks, minerals, soils atmospheric transport： marine aerosolsHuman derived37風(fēng)化38鈉長石Acid-base titr