2022年考研考博-考博英語-東北大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號42

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-東北大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

NowapaperinSciencearguesthatorganicchemicalsintherockcomemostlyfrom（）onearthratherthanbacteriaonMars.

問題1選項

A.configuration

B.constitution

C.condemnation

D.contamination

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項configuration“配置；結(jié)構(gòu)；外形”；B選項constitution“憲法；體制；構(gòu)造；結(jié)構(gòu)”；C選項condemnation“譴責(zé)；定罪；非難的理由”；D選項contamination“污染，玷污；污染物”。句意：如今《科學(xué)》雜志上有一篇論文認(rèn)為，巖石中的有機化合物大多數(shù)來自地球本身的結(jié)構(gòu)，而不是火星上的細(xì)菌。結(jié)合句意，B選項正確。

2.單選題

Drinkingwateris（）whensewageseepsintothewatersupply.

問題1選項

A.concealed

B.consumed

C.contemplated

D.contaminated

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項conceal“隱藏；隱瞞”；B選項consume“消耗，消費”；C選項contemplate“沉思；注視”；D選項contaminate“污染，弄臟”。句意：當(dāng)污水滲入到供水系統(tǒng)后，飲用水會被污染。根據(jù)句意判斷出D選項正確。

3.單選題

FastReading

Newspapers

Newspapersaretheoriginalformofbroadbandcommunication,adistinctionnotalwaysrecognizedintheageoftheInternet.Longbeforewehadcomputers,televisions,radios,telephonesandtelegraphs,newspaperswerethecheapestandmostefficientwaytoreachmassaudienceswithnews,commentaryandadvertising.Newspapers,fromtheirbeginningsashand-printed“broadsheets”,havebeenatruerandom-accessmedium-readerscanmoveeasilyandquicklythroughthedifferentsectionsofanewspaper,returningtothemdaysorevenweekslater.Andbecauseanewspaper’s“software”consistsofacommonlanguage,itpossessesauniversalandtimelessquality.

WhatDidtheGrowthofTVNewsMeantoNewspapers?

Withthegrowthoftelevisionnewsinthe1960s,newspapersconfrontedtheirfirstformidablecompetitor.Today,ABCNewsclaimsthatmoreAmericansgettheirnewsfromABCthanfromanyothersource—andit’sprobablytrue.TheUnitedStates’1,600dailynewspaperscontinuetoservemillionsofreaders,butnewspapersarenolongerthecountry’sdominantmassmedium.Howtosurviveandevenflourishinaculturemoreattunedto（吻合）electronicmediathantoprinter’sinkisthemostseriousissuefacingthenewspaperindustryasitentersthe21stcentury.

ItissafetosaythatnewspapersarenotabouttofollowtheMorsetelegraphintooblivion.Newspapersareaportableconvenientmedium.Noonelugsacomputermonitortothebreakfasttabletogetthemorningnews.And,newspapersareprovingsurprisinglyadeptatreinventingthemselvesfortoday’sreadersbyemphasizinggooddesign,colorphotographyanddetailedstoriesthatreportandinterpretcurrentevents.

WhatExactlyIsNewsandHowDoesItWork?

Curiously,forapublicationcalledanewspaper,noonehasevercoinedastandarddefinitionofnews.Butforthemostpart,newsusuallyfallsunderonebroadclassification-theabnormal.Itishumanfolly,mechanicalfailuresandnaturaldisastersthatoften“makethenews”.Reportersareanewspaper’sfront-lineeyesandears.Reportersglean（收集）informationfrommanysources,somepublic,suchaspolicerecords,andothersprivate,suchasagovernmentinformant.Occasionally,areporterwillgotojailratherthanrevealthenameofaconfidentialsourceforanewsstory.Americannewspapersproudlyconsiderthemselvesthefourthbranchofgovernment—thewatchdogbranch—thatexposeslegislative,executiveandjudicialmisbehavior.

Somereportersareassignedtobeats,oranareaofcoverage,suchasthecourts,cityhall,education,business,medicineandsoforth.Othersarecalledgeneralassignmentreporters,whichmeanstheyareoncallforavarietyofstoriessuchasaccidents,civiceventsandhuman-intereststories.Inthemovies,reportershaveexciting,frenzied（狂熱的）anddangerousjobsastheyliveafamouspronouncementofthenewspaperbusiness:“Comforttheafflictedandafflictthecomfortable.”Althoughafewmembersofthemediahavebeenkilledasaresultofinvestigationsintowrongdoing,newspaperworkforthegreatmajorityofreportersisroutine.

Allreportersareultimatelyresponsibletoaneditor.Dependingonitssize,anewspapermayhavenumerouseditors,beginningwithanexecutiveeditorresponsibleforthenewsdivision.Immediatelybelowtheexecutiveeditoristhemanagingeditor,thepersonwhooverseestheday-to-dayworkofthenewsdivision.Othereditors―sports,photo,state,national,featuresandobituary（訃告）,forexample—mayalsoreporttothemanagingeditor.

However,thebestknownandinsomewaysthemostcrucialeditoristhecityormetroeditor.Thisistheeditorthatreportersworkfordirectly.Thecityormetroeditorassignsstones,enforcesdeadlinesandisthefirsttoseereporters’rawcopyonthecompositionsystemorcomputernetwork.Theseeditorsarecalledgatekeepers,becausetheycontrolmuchofwhatwillandwillnotappearinthenextday’spaper.Oftenworkingunderthestressofbreakingnews,theirdecisionstranslatedirectlyintothecontentofthenewspaper.

Oncethecityormetroeditorhasfinishededitingareporter’srawcopy,thestorymovesfromthecompositionsystemviathecomputernetworktoanotherpartofthenewsdivision,thecopydesk.Here,copyeditorscheckforspellingandothererrorsofusage.Theymayalsolookfor“holes”inthestorythatwouldconfusereadersorleavetheirquestionsunanswered.Thecopydeskchiefroutesfinishedstoriestoothereditorswhofitlocalandwireservicestories,headlines（writtenbytheeditor—notthereporter!）anddigitalphotographsontopages.Newspapersareincreasinglydoingthiswork,calledpagination（分頁）,withpersonalcomputersusingsoftwareavailableatanyofficesupplystore.MicrosoftWindows,WordandQuarkExpressarethreeprogramsthat,thoughnotdesignedfornewspaperproduction,areeasilyadaptedforit.

WhatAretheEditorialPagesAllAbout?

Anewspaperpublishesitsviewsoncurrentevents-bothlocalandnational-onitseditorialpages.Thisiswhereeditorials,unsignedcommentarythatreflectsthecollectivepositionofthenewspaper’seditorialboard,appear.Editorialsarenotnews,butratherreasonedopinionbasedonfacts.Forexample,editorialsmaycriticizetheperformanceofpublicofficialssuchasthemayor,thepolicechief,orthelocalschoolboard;conversely,editorialsmaypraiseothersfortheirciviccontributions.Whateverthetopic,newspapershopetheireditorialswillraisethelevelofcommunitydiscourse.

Twowaysthisoccursarefamiliartoanynewspaperreader―letterstotheeditorandop-edarticles（acontractionofopposite-editorialpage）.Lettersarealwaysamongthebest-readsectionofanynewspaper,forthisiswherereadersexpresstheiropinions.Op-edarticlesusuallyrun850to1,000words.Newspapersmakespaceforletterstotheeditorandop-edarticlesfreelyavailableaspartoftheircontributiontocivicdialogue.

Theeditorialpagesareunderthedirectionofaneditoroutsidethenewsdivision.Newspaperpeoplecallthis“separationofchurchandstate”,meaningthereisalinebetweennewsandopinionthatmustnotbecrossed.Todosostripsanewspaperofitsmostvaluableasset-credibility.Forthatreason,editorialpageeditorsatsomelargenewspapersreporttothepublisher,whoisthechiefexecutiveofficerofthecompany,andnottotheexecutiveeditor.Othernewspapersmayhavetheireditorialpageeditorreportingtotheexecutiveeditor.Whatevertheorganizationalmodel,though,neitherdepartmentcantelltheotherwhattopublishinthenewspaper.

HowAreNewspapersDistributed?

Responsibilityforgettingthenewspaperfromthepresstothereaderfallstothedistributiondivision.Largenewspaperspublishtwo,threeorevenfoureditions,allofwhichmustbereadytoleavethenewspaperplantatacertaintime.Thefirstedition,sometimescalledthebulldogedition（晨版）,goestotheouterlimitsofthenewspaper’scirculationarea.

Thismaybeseveralcountiesorevenanentirestate.Latereditionscontainprogressivelyfreshernewsandgotosmallerareas.Thefinaledition,whichgoestopressaftermidnight,containsthelatestnewsbutcoversthesmallestgeographicalarea,usuallyacity.

Anysubscribertoadailynewspaperknowsthatitplops（撲通落下）ontothedrivewayintheweehoursofthemorning.Independentcontractorscalledcarriersbuycopiesofthenewspaperatdiscountanddeliverthem,usingtheirpersonalvehicles.ThefirstjobformanyAmericanyoungsterswasdeliveringtheafternoonpaperintheirneighborhood.

Thecirculationdepartmentdrawstheroutesthatcarriersfollow.Thisdepartmentisalsoresponsibleforracksales,newspapersthatgointocoin-operateddispensers（自動售貨機）.Thecirculationdepartmentmaintainssubscribers’billingrecords,stopsandstartsdeliveriesuponrequest,andusesservicerunnerstodelivermissingpapers.

In18hoursofhighlycoordinatedworkcarriedoutbynumerousdivisions,whatnewspaperpeoplecalla“roughdraftofhistory”asmovedthroughcomputersystems,imaging（成像）machinesandpresses,toitsfinaldestination-thereaders.

After3:30a.m.,fewpeopleremainatanewspaperplant.Alltheotherdivisionshavegonehome.Thepresseshavefallensilent,perhapsundergoingmaintenancefortheremainderofthenight.Thesuddensilencewillnotlastlong.Inlessthanfourhours,thenewspaper,asitmustdo365daysayear,willrousefromitsshortsleepandstartalloveragain.

1.Whatcanbestdescribethequalitiesofnewspapersnow?

2.WhatqualitiesshouldNewspaperspossessinordertosurviveinthecompetitionagainstothermedia?

3.Today’snewspaperspaymoreattentiontothefollowingaspectsEXCEPT（）.

4.WhyAmericannewspapersconsiderthemselves“thewatchdogbranch”?

5.Whatwillandwillnotappearinthenextday’spaperisdecidedby（）.

6.Whatmustbepublishedonnewspapers’editorialpages?

7.Newspapersmakeroomforletterstotheeditorandopposite-editorialarticlesasimportantdevotionto（）.

問題1選項

A.Theyareoriginalandhand-printed.

B.Theyarethecheapestandmostefficient.

C.Theyareuniversalandeverlasting.

D.Theyarethewholeworld’sdominantmassmedium.

問題2選項

A.Convenienceandadaptability.

B.Convenienceandgooddesign.

C.Colorphotographyandadaptability.

D.Gooddesignandcolorphotography.

問題3選項

A.gooddesign

B.detailedstories

C.colorphotography

D.lowcostandhighincome

問題4選項

A.Becausetheyreportandinterpretcurrentevents.

B.Becausetheyuncoverlegislative,executiveandjudicialmisbehavior.

C.Becausetheyreporthumanfolly,mechanicalfailuresandnaturaldisasters.

D.Becausetheygatherstoriessuchasaccidents,civiceventsandhuman-intereststories.

問題5選項

A.thecopyeditor

B.theexecutiveeditor

C.themanagingeditor

D.thecityormetroeditor

問題6選項

A.Thecriticismofpublicofficialssuchasthemayorandthepolicechief.

B.Theopinionsthatreadersexpressaboutthedetailedstories.

C.Newspapers’commentsoncurrentevents.

D.Thegooddeedpublicofficialshavedonefortheirciviccontributions.

問題7選項

A.currentevents

B.publicreports

C.privatestories

D.civicdialogue

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

第6題:C

第7題:D

【解析】1.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第一段指出：Andbecauseanewspaper’s“software”consistsofacommonlanguage,itpossessesauniversalandtimelessquality.（因為報紙的“軟件”是由一種共同的語言組成的，所以它具有普遍和無時間限制的特質(zhì)）。因此C項“它們普遍而永恒”正確。

2.【試題解析】判斷推理題。第三段講了報紙是如何求生存：Newspapersareaportableconvenientmedium（報紙是一種方便攜帶的媒介），以及：And,newspapersareprovingsurprisinglyadeptatreinventingthemselvesfortoday’sreadersbyemphasizinggooddesign,colorphotographyanddetailedstoriesthatreportandinterpretcurrentevents.（驚人的是，報紙善于打造自身以適應(yīng)現(xiàn)今的讀者，通過注重好的設(shè)計，彩色攝影和報告和解釋時事的詳細(xì)報道）。由此可知，報紙為了在競爭中生存應(yīng)該具備方便和適應(yīng)性的特點，故選A。

3.【試題解析】判斷推理題。第三段指出：And,newspapersareprovingsurprisinglyadeptatreinventingthemselvesfortoday’sreadersbyemphasizinggooddesign,colorphotographyanddetailedstoriesthatreportandinterpretcurrentevents.（驚人的是，報紙善于打造自身以適應(yīng)現(xiàn)今的讀者，通過注重好的設(shè)計，彩色攝影和報告和解釋時事的詳細(xì)報道）。四個選項中，只有D項“低成本，高收入”未被提及，因此答案選D。

4.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第四段指出：Americannewspapersproudlyconsiderthemselvesthefourthbranchofgovernment—thewatchdogbranch—thatexposeslegislative,executiveandjudicialmisbehavior.（美國報紙驕傲的自稱為政府第四個分支——監(jiān)察機構(gòu)——這暴露了立法、行政和司法方面的不當(dāng)行為）。由此可知B項正確。

5.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第七段指出：Theseeditorsarecalledgatekeepers,becausetheycontrolmuchofwhatwillandwillnotappearinthenextday’spaper.（這些編輯被稱作守門人，因為他們控制著第二天報紙上將出現(xiàn)的大多數(shù)內(nèi)容）。由此可知D項正確。

6.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第九段指出：Anewspaperpublishesitsviewsoncurrentevents-bothlocalandnational-onitseditorialpages.（報紙將其關(guān)于當(dāng)?shù)鼗驀鴥?nèi)最近事件的觀點發(fā)表于社論版面里）。由此可知，社論版發(fā)表對最近事件的看法。故選C。

7.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第十段指出：Newspapersmakespaceforletterstotheeditorandop-edarticlesfreelyavailableaspartoftheircontributiontocivicdialogue.（報紙為讀者來信和反對意見的文章騰出地方，是它們?yōu)槭忻駥υ捵龀鲐暙I的一部分）。因此，D項“公民對話”正確。

4.單選題

Heisoneofthemostactive（）intheextracurricularactivitiesofthestudents’union.

問題1選項

A.inhabitants

B.descendants

C.participants

D.tenants

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項inhabitant“居民；居住者”；B選項descendant“后裔；子孫”；C選項participant“參與者”；D選項tenant“承租人；房客；佃戶”。句意：他是學(xué)生會課外活動最積極的參與者之一。結(jié)合句意，判斷出選項C正確。

5.單選題

ImportedfromGermany,this（）instrumentrequiresawell-trainedoperator.

問題1選項

A.artificial

B.intricate

C.competent

D.luxurious

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項artificial“人造的；仿造的；虛偽的”；B選項intricate“復(fù)雜的；錯綜的；纏結(jié)的”；C選項competent“勝任的；有能力的”；D選項luxurious“奢侈的；豐富的”。句意：從德國進口的這個復(fù)雜儀器需要一位訓(xùn)練有素的操作者。根據(jù)句意，判斷出B選項正確。

6.單選題

Fiber-opticcablescancarryhundredsoftelephoneconversations（）.

問題1選項

A.simultaneously

B.spontaneously

C.homogeneously

D.contemporarily

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項simultaneously“同時地”；B選項spontaneously“自發(fā)地；自然地；不由自主地”；C選項homogeneously“同樣地”；D選項contemporarily“當(dāng)今；時下；眼前”。句意：光纜能同時地傳遞數(shù)以百計的電話交流。結(jié)合句意，A選項正確。

7.單選題

Itisnotadvisableto（）inaffairsthatareofnoconcerntoyou.

問題1選項

A.impart

B.ponder

C.meddle

D.abound

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項impart“給予（尤指抽象事物），傳授；告知，透露”；B選項ponder“考慮；沉思”；C選項meddle“干預(yù)；干涉”；D選項abound“富于；充滿”。句意：去干涉與你無關(guān)的事情是不明智的。根據(jù)句意判斷出C選項正確。

8.單選題

Hespokeso（）thatevenhisopponentswerewonoverbyhisarguments.

問題1選項

A.reservedly

B.emphatically

C.determinedly

D.convincingly

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項reservedly“決然地；斷然地”；B選項emphatically“著重地；強調(diào)地；斷然地”；C選項determinedly“決然地；斷然地”；D選項convincingly“令人信服地；有說服力地”。句意：他如此令人信服地發(fā)言，以至于他的對手都被他的辯論所說服。根據(jù)句意，D選項正確。

9.單選題

Inthemorningthechildrenweredelightedtofindthateverythingwasundera（）ofsnowoutside.

問題1選項

A.coat

B.cloak

C.frock

D.shawl

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項coat“外套；表層”；B選項cloak“斗篷；寬大外衣”；C選項frock“女裝；連衣裙；罩袍”；D選項shawl“圍巾；長方形披巾”。句意：早上孩子們高興地發(fā)現(xiàn)，外面的一切都在一層雪的下面。固定搭配acoatof“一層”，結(jié)合此處語境，A選項正確。

10.單選題

Apopularwayofkeepingfitistogo（）,whichisakindofslow-tomedium-pacedrunning.

問題1選項

A.trotting

B.sauntering

C.strolling

D.jogging

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項trot“小跑”；B選項saunter“漫步；閑逛”；C選項stroll“漫步；閑逛；巡回演出”；D選項jog“慢跑；輕推，輕撞”。句意：保持健康的流行方式是去慢跑，其是一種緩慢到中等步伐的跑步。結(jié)合此處語境，D選項正確。

11.單選題

Whatisthebestwoodtoburninthehomefireplace?Choosethekindofwoodtoburnislikechoosingabottleofwine.Eachchoiceyoucanmakehassomethingdifferenttooffer.Woodsdifferinthescenttheygiveoffandintheheattheyprovide.Thekindofwoodyouwillchoosedependsonyourownneedsandtastes.

Pine,spruce,andfiraresoftandeasytolight.Theyburnquicklywithahotflame.However,afirebuiltfromthesewoodsburnsoutquickly.Thiskindoffirerequiresalotofattention.Itneedsnewlogsaddedtokeepthefireburning.Afirebuiltfromsoftwoodsmightbeidealforyouatcertaintimes.Youmaywantaquickwarmingfirethatwillburnoutbeforeyougotobed.

Foralong-lastingfire,itisbesttouseheavierwoods.Thesewouldbeash,beech,birch,maple,andoak.Thesewoodsdon’tburnasfast.Oakgivesthemostevenandshortestflames.Italsoproducessteady,glowingcoals.Whenyouhaveseveraloaklogsburninginyourgrate,youcansettlebackforasteadyshowofflame.

Ifyouwantagood-smellingfire,usethewoodfromfruittrees.Apple,cherry,andnuttreesallproducepleasantscents.Theirsmokeusuallysmellslikethetree’sfruit.

Bymixingsoftwoodswithhardwoods,youcangetalong-lasting,easy-to-lightfire.Later,byaddingsomefruitwood,youcanproduceapleasantscentaswell.

Asarule,nomorethanfourlogsareneededtomakeagoodfire.Adjustthelogstomaintaintheflames.Pushtheendsofthelogsintheflamesfromtimetotime.Addkindlingandnewlogsasneededtorekindleadyingflame.Rakecoalstowardthefrontofthegratebeforeaddingnewlogsandputnewlogsattherear.Theretheywillreflectlightandheatintotheroom.

Letonlyaninchortwoofashcollectsatthebottomofthegrate.Anymorethanthiscanruintheandirons.Toomuchashblockstheflowofairtothefire.Someashisneededtoformthebedfortheglowingcoalsthatdropthroughthegrate.Theyhelptoholdtheheatanddirectdraftsofairuptothebaseofthefire.

1.Whatisthemainideaofthisarticle?

2.Spruceburnswitha（）.

3.Inordertogetmoreheatoutofyourfireplace,youshould（）.

問題1選項

A.Fruitwooddoesnotburnwellinthefireplace.

B.Wetwoodiseasydriedinahomefireplace.

C.Youshouldchooseyourfireplacewoodcarefully.

D.Heavierwoodscankeepalong-lastingfire.

問題2選項

A.coldflame

B.hotflame

C.shortflame

D.steadyflame

問題3選項

A.addnewlogstothebackofthefire

B.cleanyourchimneyonceayear

C.rakecoalstowardtherearofthefireplace

D.ruintheandirons

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

【解析】1.【試題解析】主旨大意題。本文主要談及壁爐選擇木材取決于需要和品味。可以得知C選項“你應(yīng)該仔細(xì)選擇你的壁爐木材”符合題意。

2.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞spruce可以定位到文章第二段中“Pine,spruce,andfiraresoftandeasytolight.Theyburnquicklywithahotflame.”，中文翻譯為：松樹、云杉和冷杉因柔軟而容易點燃。它們迅速燃燒，火焰很熱。因此B選項正確。

3.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到文章倒數(shù)二段“Asarule,nomorethanfourlogsareneededtomakeagoodfire.Adjustthelogstomaintaintheflames.Pushtheendsofthelogsintheflamesfromtimetotime.Addkindlingandnewlogsasneededtorekindleadyingflame.Rakecoalstowardthefrontofthegratebeforeaddingnewlogsandputnewlogsattherear.Theretheywillreflectlightandheatintotheroom.”，中文翻譯為：一般說來，生一堆好火不需要超過四根木頭。調(diào)整原木以保持火焰。不時地把木柴的末端推入火焰中。添加引物和新的原木，以重新點燃即將熄滅的火焰。在添加新原木之前，把煤耙到爐排前面，并把新原木放在后面。在那里，它們將把光和熱反射進房間。故A為正確選項。

12.單選題

Agoodrefereehastobe（）__intheoutcomeofafootballgame,orelsehemaytrytomakecallsthatfavoroneteamoveranother.

問題1選項

A.contemporary

B.comely

C.disinterested

D.notorious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項contemporary“當(dāng)代的；同時代的”；B選項comely“清秀的，標(biāo)致的”；C選項disinterested“無私的；公正的；冷漠的；廉潔的”；D選項notorious“聲名狼藉的，臭名昭著的”。句意：一位好的裁判在足球比賽結(jié)果上必須是公正的，否則他可能試圖去做出有利于一支球隊的裁定。結(jié)合句意，故C選項正確。

13.單選題

Thejudgeruledthattheevidencewasinadmissibleonthegroundsthatitwas（）totheissueathand.

問題1選項

A.irrational

B.unreasonable

C.irrelevant

D.invalid

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項irrational“不合理的”；B選項unreasonable“不合理的；非理智的”；C選項irrelevant“不相干的；不切題的”；D選項invalid“無效的；有病的；殘廢的”。句意：這位法官判定這一證據(jù)是不予采納的，理由是它與手頭的案件是不相干的。C選項正確。

14.單選題

Thestreetperformerwassobadwehadto（）him,butdidwehavetothrowtherottentomatoesathishead?

問題1選項

A.jeer

B.dissolve

C.adjourn

D.guarantee

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項jeer“嘲笑；戲弄”；B選項dissolve“使溶解；使分解；使液化”；C選項adjourn“推遲；使……中止”；D選項guarantee“保證；擔(dān)?！?。句意：街頭藝人的表演是如此糟糕，所以我們不得不嘲笑他，但是我們不得不向他的頭扔腐爛的西紅柿嗎？結(jié)合句意，A選項正確。

15.單選題

Manypeopleare（）toinsectbites,andsomeevenhavetogotohospital.

問題1選項

A.insensitive

B.allergic

C.infectious

D.alert

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項insensitive“感覺遲鈍的”；B選項allergic“對……過敏的”；C選項infectious“傳染的；傳染性的”；D選項alert“警惕的；留心的”。句意：很多人對蟲子叮咬過敏，且有些人甚至不得不去醫(yī)院。結(jié)合此處句意，B選項正確。

16.單選題

Aftersomanyweekswithoutrain,thegroundquickly（）thelittlerainthatfellyesterday.

問題1選項

A.absorbed

B.drained

C.digested

D.soaked

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項absorb“吸收；使……全神貫注”；B選項drain“耗盡；使流出”；C選項digest“消化；融會貫通”；D選項soak“使浸泡，使浸漬”。句意：在許多個星期無雨后，地面很快地吸收了昨天下的小雨。結(jié)合句意，A選項正確。

17.單選題

Thelecturerwanderedfromhistextto（）onapointthathadobviouslycaughthisaudience’sinterest.

問題1選項

A.elaborate

B.interrupt

C.explain

D.emphasize

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項elaborate“詳細(xì)說明，闡述；詳盡計劃（常與on連用）”；B選項interrupt“中斷；打斷；插嘴；妨礙”；C選項explain“說明；解釋”；D選項emphasize“強調(diào)，著重”。句意：這位演講者離開他的正文，去詳盡闡述明顯讓他的觀眾感興趣的一個觀點。結(jié)合句意，A選項正確。

18.單選題

Animportantpropertyofascientifictheoryisitsabilityto（）furtherresearch.

問題1選項

A.stimulate

B.originate

C.renovate

D.endorse

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項stimulate“刺激；鼓舞；激發(fā)”；B選項originate“引起；創(chuàng)作”；C選項renovate“更新；修復(fù)；革新；刷新”；D選項endorse“背書；贊同”。句意：科學(xué)理論的一個重要特性是它激發(fā)進一步研究的能力。根據(jù)句意，A選項正確。

19.單選題

Amisconceptionfrequentlyheldbynovicewritersisthatsentencestructuremirrorsthought:themoreconvolutedthestructure,themore（）theideas.

問題1選項

A.complicated

B.inconsequential

C.fanciful

D.blatant

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞同義辨析。A選項complicated“難懂的，復(fù)雜的”；B選項inconsequential“不重要的；不合理的；不合邏輯的”；C選項fanciful“想象的；稀奇的”；D選項blatant“喧囂的；公然的；炫耀的；俗麗的”。句意：新手作家時常擁有的一個錯誤想法是句子結(jié)構(gòu)反映想法，即結(jié)構(gòu)越復(fù)雜，那么想法也就越復(fù)雜。根據(jù)句意判斷出A選項正確。

20.單選題

Recentlyanumberofcaseshavebeenreportedofyoungchildren（）aviolentactpreviouslyseenontelevision.

問題1選項

A.modifying

B.duplicating

C.accelerating

D.stimulating

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項modify“修改，修飾；更改”；B選項duplicate“復(fù)制；模仿”；C選項accelerate“加速；促進；增加”；D選項stimulate“刺激；鼓舞，激勵”。句意：最近，許多有關(guān)少年兒童模仿先前在電視上所看到的暴力行為的案件被報道。根據(jù)句意，判斷出B選項正確。

21.單選題

Ourvacationtothetropicalbeachresortwasvery（）untilthehurricanecame.

問題1選項

A.adverse

B.maximum

C.constrained

D.serene

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項adverse“不利的；相反的；敵對的”；B選項maximum“最多的；最大極限的”；C選項constrained“拘泥的；被強迫的；不舒服的”；D選項serene“平靜的；晴朗的”。句意：在這場暴風(fēng)來臨之前，我們?nèi)釒Ш┒燃賱俚氐亩燃偈欠浅Ｆ届o的。結(jié)合此處語義，D選項正確。

22.單選題

Afterfouryearsinthesamejob,hisenthusiasmfinally（）.

問題1選項

A.deteriorated

B.dispersed

C.dissipated

D.drained

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項deteriorate“惡化，變壞”；B選項disperse“分散；消散”；C選項dissipate“驅(qū)散；放蕩”；D選項drain“逐漸消失；流干”。句意：在做同樣的工作四年后，他的激情逐漸消失了。根據(jù)句意可知D選項正確。

23.單選題

Recentfindingsindicatethatbirdscanalsousethemagneticfieldoftheearthasanaidto（）.

問題1選項

A.criterion

B.orientation

C.standard

D.guideline

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項criterion“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；規(guī)范；準(zhǔn)則”；B選項orientation“定位；適應(yīng)；向東方”；C選項standard“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；度量衡標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”；D選項guideline“指導(dǎo)方針”。句意：最近的調(diào)查結(jié)果表明，鳥類也能使用地球磁場作為定位的輔助手段。結(jié)合句意，B選項正確。

24.單選題

Becausethedemandofcoaldecreased,manyminersbecame（）.

問題1選項

A.indignant

B.extraneous

C.immaterial

D.redundant

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項indignant“憤憤不平的”；B選項extraneous“外來的；沒有關(guān)聯(lián)的”；C選項immaterial“非物質(zhì)的；無形的；不重要的；非實質(zhì)的”；D選項redundant“多余的，過剩的；被解雇的，失業(yè)的；冗長的”。句意：因為煤炭的需求下降，所以很多煤礦工人變得失業(yè)。結(jié)合句意，判斷出選項D正確。

25.單選題

Davidtendstofeeluselessandunwantedinasocietythatgivessomuch（）tothosewhoareaggressiveandcompetewell.

問題1選項

A.regime

B.prestige

C.superiority

D.legislature

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項regime“政權(quán)；政體；社會制度；管理體制”；B選項prestige“威望；聲望；聲譽”；C選項superiority“優(yōu)越；優(yōu)勢”；D選項legislature“立法機關(guān)；立法機構(gòu)”。句意：在一個給予那些有進取心且相當(dāng)有競爭力的人很多聲譽的社會里，大衛(wèi)傾向于認(rèn)為自己無用且不被該社會所需要。根據(jù)句意可知B選項正確。

26.單選題

Rockswhichhavesolidifieddirectlyfrommoltenmaterialsarecalledigneousrocks.Igneousrocksarecommonlyreferredtoasprimaryrocksbecausetheyaretheoriginalsourceofmaterialfoundinsedimentariesandmetamorphics.Igneousrockscomposethegreaterpartoftheearth’scrust,buttheyaregenerallycoveredatthesurfacebyarelativelythinlayerofsedimentaryormetamorphicrocks.Igneousrocksaredistinguishedbythefollowingcharacteristics:(1)theycontainnofossils;(2)theyhavenoregulararrangementoflayersand(3)theyarenearlyalwaysmadeupofcrystals.

Sedimentaryrocksarecomposedlargelyofminutefragmentsderivedfromthedisintegrationofexistingrocksandinsomeinstancesfromtheremainsofanimals.Assedimentsaretransported,individualfragmentsareassortedaccordingtosize.Distinctlayersofsuchsedimentsasgravel,sand,andclaybuildup,astheyaredepositedbywaterandoccasionallywind.Thesesedimentsvaryinsizewiththematerialandthepoweroftheerodingagent.Sedimentarymaterialsarelaiddowninlayerscalledstrata.

Whensedimentshardenintosedimentaryrocks,thenamesappliedtothemchangetoindicatethechangeinphysicalstate.Thus,smallstonesandgravelcementedtogetherareknownasconglomerates;cementedsandbecomessandstone;andhardenedclaybecomesshale.Inadditiontothese,othersedimentaryrockssuchaslimestonefrequentlyresultfromthedepositionofdissolvedmaterial.Theingredientpartsarenormallyprecipitatedbyorganicsubstances,suchasshellsofclamsorhardskeletonsofothermarinelife.

Bothigneousandsedimentaryrocksmaybechangedbypressure,heat,solution,orcementingaction.Whenindividualgrainsfromexistingrockstendtodeformandinterlock,theyarecalledmetamorphicrocks.Forexample,granite,anigneousrock,maybemetamorphosedintoagneissoraschist.Limestone,asedimentaryrock,whensubjectedtoheatandpressuremaybecomemarble,ametamorphicrock.Shaleunderpressurebecomesslate.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

2.AllofthefollowingaresedimentaryrocksEXCEPT（）.

3.Thepassagewouldbemostlikelytoappearina（）.

4.Therelationshipbetweenigneousandsedimentaryrocksmaybestbecomparedtotherelationshipbetween（）.

5.Theauthor’stoneinthepassagecanbebestdescribedas（）.

問題1選項

A.explainthefactorsthatmaycauserockstochangeinform

B.showhowthescientificnamesofrocksreflecttherock’scomposition

C.defineanddescribeseveraldiversekindsofrocks

D.differentiatebetweendifferentkindsofigneousrocks

問題2選項

A.shale

B.schist

C.sand

D.gravel

問題3選項

A.newspaperfeatureexplaininghowoilisfound

B.pamphletpromotingconservationofnaturalresources

C.teachingmanualaccompanyinganearthsciencetext

D.nonfictionbookexplainingwheretofindfossils

問題4選項

A.waterandland

B.sandandclay

C.nucleusandcellwall

D.leavesandcompost

問題5選項

A.objective

B.meditative

C.concerned

D.ironic

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章描述了igneousrocks火成巖、sedimentaryrocks沉積巖及metamorphicrocks變質(zhì)巖這三種巖石。因此判斷C項“定義和描述了幾種不同種類的巖石”正確。

2.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到原文尾段“Forexample,granite,anigneousrock,maybemetamorphosedintoagneissoraschist.”，中文大意為：例如，屬于火成巖的花崗巖，可能變形成片麻巖或結(jié)晶片巖。B選項“片巖”正確，符合題意。

3.【試題解析】推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章描述了igneousrocks火成巖、sedimentaryrocks沉積巖及metamorphicrocks變質(zhì)巖這三種巖石，判斷C選項“附帶在地球科學(xué)課本上的教學(xué)手冊”，正確。

4.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞igneousandsedimentaryrocks可以定位到原文第一段“Igneousrocksarecommonlyreferredtoasprimaryrocksbecausetheyaretheoriginalsourceofmaterialfoundinsedimentariesandmetamorphics.”，中文翻譯為：火成巖通常被稱為原生巖，因為它們是在沉淀物和變質(zhì)物體中被發(fā)現(xiàn)的原材料。故選D“樹葉和（樹葉）堆肥”。

5.【試題解析】觀點態(tài)度題。通讀全文，作者的對三種巖石的描述都客觀的。因此A選項“客觀的”符合題意。

27.翻譯題

Inalmosteveryformofmedia,includingtelevision,newspapersandmagazines,agreatdealattentionispaidtothe